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Title: A stellar overdensity associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud

Abstract

Here, we report the discovery of a stellar overdensity 8° north of the centre of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD), using data from the first 2 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarily composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z = 0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z = 0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of ~6° × 2°. It has an absolute magnitude of MV ≅ –7.7, rh = 2.1 kpc, and μV(r < rh) = 31.2 mag arcsec–2. We estimate a stellar mass of ~105 M⊙, following a Kroupa mass function. The SMCNOD was probably removed from the SMC disc by tidal stripping, since it is located near the head of the Magellanic Stream, and the literature indicates likely recent Large Magellanic Cloud-SMC encounters. This scenario is supported by the lack of significant H i gas. Other potential scenarios for the SMCNOD origin are a transient overdensity within the SMC tidal radius ormore » a primordial SMC satellite in advanced stage of disruption.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [2];  [14];  [1];  [15];  [16];  [11] more »;  [17];  [18];  [18];  [19];  [19];  [19];  [20];  [16];  [21];  [2];  [2];  [22];  [19];  [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [27];  [2];  [28];  [2];  [29];  [30];  [31];  [23];  [19];  [2];  [32];  [33];  [34];  [2];  [23];  [35];  [36];  [37];  [38];  [39];  [2];  [40];  [39];  [16];  [2];  [41];  [42];  [43];  [40];  [2];  [2] « less
  1. Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (Brazil); Lab. Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  2. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  3. Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  4. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  5. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  6. Univ. de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (France); Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
  7. Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  8. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Canary Islands (Spain); Univ. of La Laguna, Canary Islands (Spain)
  9. Zentrum fur Astronomie der Univ. Heidelberg, Heidelberg (Germany)
  10. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  11. Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom)
  12. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  13. Univ. of Hertfordshire, Hatfield (United Kingdom); Leibnitz-Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam, Potsdam (Germany)
  14. ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland)
  15. Mount Stromlo Observatory, Weston Creek, ACT (Australia)
  16. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
  17. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  18. National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  19. Lab. Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Observatorio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  20. Lab. Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  21. Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown (South Africa); Univ. College London, London (United Kingdom)
  22. Univ. College London, London (United Kingdom); Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Paris (France); Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France)
  23. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States); National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL (United States)
  24. Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Barcelona (Spain); Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (Spain)
  25. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  26. Univ. of Portsmouth, Portsmouth (United Kingdom); Univ. of Southampton, Southampton (United Kingdom)
  27. IIT Hyderabad, Telangana (India)
  28. Univ. College London, London (United Kingdom)
  29. Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Barcelona (Spain)
  30. Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (Spain)
  31. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  32. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
  33. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena (Chile); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  34. Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, NSW (Australia)
  35. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona (Spain); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra (Barcelona) (Spain)
  36. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  37. Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)
  38. Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
  39. Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)
  40. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  41. Lab. Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Univ. Federal do ABC, Santo Andre (Brazil)
  42. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  43. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
DES; DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1362063
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1352816; OSTI ID: 1367848
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1612.03938; FERMILAB-PUB-16-689-AE-CD
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; 1602907
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; AC05-00OR22725; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 468; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: interactions; Magellanic Clouds; Galaxies; Magellanic clouds

Citation Formats

Pieres, Adriano, Santiago, Basilio X., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Marel, R. P. van der, Besla, G., Martin, N. F., Belokurov, V., Gallart, C., Martinez-Delgado, D., Marshall, J., Nöel, N. E. D., Majewski, S. R., Cioni, M. -R. L., Li, T. S., Hartley, W., Luque, E., Conn, B. C., Walker, A. R., Balbinot, E., Stringfellow, G. S., Olsen, K. A. G., Nidever, D., da Costa, L. N., Ogando, R., Maia, M., Neto, A. Fausti, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., García-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, Eric, Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., and Wester, W. A stellar overdensity associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx507.
Pieres, Adriano, Santiago, Basilio X., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Marel, R. P. van der, Besla, G., Martin, N. F., Belokurov, V., Gallart, C., Martinez-Delgado, D., Marshall, J., Nöel, N. E. D., Majewski, S. R., Cioni, M. -R. L., Li, T. S., Hartley, W., Luque, E., Conn, B. C., Walker, A. R., Balbinot, E., Stringfellow, G. S., Olsen, K. A. G., Nidever, D., da Costa, L. N., Ogando, R., Maia, M., Neto, A. Fausti, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., García-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, Eric, Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., & Wester, W. A stellar overdensity associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx507
Pieres, Adriano, Santiago, Basilio X., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Marel, R. P. van der, Besla, G., Martin, N. F., Belokurov, V., Gallart, C., Martinez-Delgado, D., Marshall, J., Nöel, N. E. D., Majewski, S. R., Cioni, M. -R. L., Li, T. S., Hartley, W., Luque, E., Conn, B. C., Walker, A. R., Balbinot, E., Stringfellow, G. S., Olsen, K. A. G., Nidever, D., da Costa, L. N., Ogando, R., Maia, M., Neto, A. Fausti, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., García-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, Eric, Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., and Wester, W. Tue . "A stellar overdensity associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx507. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1362063.
@article{osti_1362063,
title = {A stellar overdensity associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud},
author = {Pieres, Adriano and Santiago, Basilio X. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Bechtol, K. and Marel, R. P. van der and Besla, G. and Martin, N. F. and Belokurov, V. and Gallart, C. and Martinez-Delgado, D. and Marshall, J. and Nöel, N. E. D. and Majewski, S. R. and Cioni, M. -R. L. and Li, T. S. and Hartley, W. and Luque, E. and Conn, B. C. and Walker, A. R. and Balbinot, E. and Stringfellow, G. S. and Olsen, K. A. G. and Nidever, D. and da Costa, L. N. and Ogando, R. and Maia, M. and Neto, A. Fausti and Abbott, T. M. C. and Abdalla, F. B. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Cunha, C. E. and D'Andrea, C. B. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Doel, P. and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and García-Bellido, J. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Plazas, A. A. and Romer, A. K. and Sako, M. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, R. C. and Soares-Santos, M. and Sobreira, F. and Suchyta, Eric and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Tucker, D. L. and Wester, W.},
abstractNote = {Here, we report the discovery of a stellar overdensity 8° north of the centre of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD), using data from the first 2 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarily composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z = 0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z = 0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of ~6° × 2°. It has an absolute magnitude of MV ≅ –7.7, rh = 2.1 kpc, and μV(r < rh) = 31.2 mag arcsec–2. We estimate a stellar mass of ~105 M⊙, following a Kroupa mass function. The SMCNOD was probably removed from the SMC disc by tidal stripping, since it is located near the head of the Magellanic Stream, and the literature indicates likely recent Large Magellanic Cloud-SMC encounters. This scenario is supported by the lack of significant H i gas. Other potential scenarios for the SMCNOD origin are a transient overdensity within the SMC tidal radius or a primordial SMC satellite in advanced stage of disruption.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stx507},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 468,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Photometric study of the SMCNOD using variable stars from the OGLE-IV survey
journal, July 2018

  • Prudil, Z.; Grebel, E. K.; Dékány, I.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1885

ΛCDM predictions for the satellite population of M33
journal, July 2018

  • Patel, Ekta; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Tollerud, Erik J.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1946

A catalogue of structural and morphological measurements for DES Y1
journal, July 2018

  • Tarsitano, F.; Hartley, W. G.; Amara, A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1970

Stellar streams around the Magellanic Clouds in 4D
journal, December 2018

  • Navarrete, C.; Belokurov, V.; Catelan, M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3347

The VISCACHA survey – I. Overview and first results
journal, February 2019

  • Maia, Francisco F. S.; Dias, Bruno; Santos, João F. C.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz369

Clouds in arms
journal, September 2018

  • Belokurov, Vasily A.; Erkal, Denis
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 482, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly178

SMASH: Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History
journal, October 2017

  • Nidever, David L.; Olsen, Knut; Walker, Alistair R.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 154, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa8d1c

An Updated Small Magellanic Cloud and Magellanic Bridge Catalog of Star Clusters, Associations, and Related Objects
journal, February 2020

  • Bica, Eduardo; Westera, Pieter; Kerber, Leandro de O.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 159, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab6595

On the Nature of Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Candidates. I. DES1, Eridanus III, and Tucana V
journal, January 2018

  • Conn, Blair C.; Jerjen, Helmut; Kim, Dongwon
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9eda

Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
journal, July 2018


Substructures and Tidal Distortions in the Magellanic Stellar Periphery
journal, May 2018

  • Mackey, Dougal; Koposov, Sergey; Costa, Gary Da
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac175

On the nature of ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidates I: DES1, Eridanus III and Tucana V
text, January 2017


Substructures and tidal distortions in the Magellanic stellar periphery
text, January 2018


A catalogue of structural and morphological measurements for DES Y1
text, January 2018


Clouds in Arms
text, January 2018


Stellar streams around the Magellanic Clouds in 4D
text, January 2018