Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering

Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065209

Title: Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering

Abstract

We examine the two-photon exchange corrections to elastic electron-nucleon scattering within a dispersive approach, including contributions from both nucleon and Δ intermediate states. The dispersive analysis avoids off-shell uncertainties inherent in traditional approaches based on direct evaluation of loop diagrams, and guarantees the correct unitary behavior in the high energy limit. Using empirical information on the electromagnetic nucleon elastic and NΔ transition form factors, we compute the two-photon exchange corrections both algebraically and numerically. Finally, results are compared with recent measurements of e⁺ p to e^- p cross section ratios from the CLAS, VEPP-3 and OLYMPUS experiments.

Authors:

Blunden, P. G. ^[1]; Melnitchouk, W. ^[2]

Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB (Canada); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1364116

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1363977

Report Number(s):: JLAB-THY-17-2430; DOE/OR/23177-4083; arXiv:1703.06181
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 95; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Blunden, P. G., and Melnitchouk, W. Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065209.

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                    Blunden, P. G., & Melnitchouk, W. Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065209

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                    Blunden, P. G., and Melnitchouk, W. Wed .  
"Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065209.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1364116.

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@article{osti_1364116,

  title        = {Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering},

  author       = {Blunden, P. G. and Melnitchouk, W.},

  abstractNote = {We examine the two-photon exchange corrections to elastic electron-nucleon scattering within a dispersive approach, including contributions from both nucleon and Δ intermediate states. The dispersive analysis avoids off-shell uncertainties inherent in traditional approaches based on direct evaluation of loop diagrams, and guarantees the correct unitary behavior in the high energy limit. Using empirical information on the electromagnetic nucleon elastic and NΔ transition form factors, we compute the two-photon exchange corrections both algebraically and numerically. Finally, results are compared with recent measurements of e+ p to e- p cross section ratios from the CLAS, VEPP-3 and OLYMPUS experiments.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065209},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 95,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Wed Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.0711.0143

Two-photon exchange measurements with positrons and electrons
text, January 2009

Arrington, John
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.0905.0713

High-precision determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton
text, January 2010

Bernauer, J. C.; Achenbach, P.; Gayoso, C. Ayerbe
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1007.5076

Search for effects beyond the Born approximation in polarization transfer observables in $\vec{e}p$ elastic scattering
text, January 2010

Meziane, M.; Brash, E. J.; Gilman, R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1012.0339

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
text, January 2011

Arrington, J.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1105.0951

Comparison of Neural Network and Hadronic Model Predictions of Two-Photon Exchange Effect
text, January 2013

Graczyk, Krzysztof M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1306.5991

Subtracted dispersion relation formalism for the two-photon exchange correction to elastic electron-proton scattering: comparison with data
text, January 2014

Tomalak, O.; Vanderhaeghen, M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1408.5330

Measurement of the two-photon exchange contribution to the elastic $e^{\pm}p$ scattering cross sections at the VEPP-3 storage ring
text, January 2014

Rachek, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Dmitriev, V. F.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1411.7372

Package-X: A Mathematica package for the analytic calculation of one-loop integrals
text, January 2015

Patel, Hiren H.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1503.01469

Collier: a fortran-based Complex One-Loop LIbrary in Extended Regularizations
text, January 2016

Denner, Ansgar; Dittmaier, Stefan; Hofer, Lars
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1604.06792

QCDLoop: a comprehensive framework for one-loop scalar integrals
text, January 2016

Carrazza, Stefano; Ellis, R. Keith; Zanderighi, Giulia
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1605.03181

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering: Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
text, January 2016

Henderson, B. S.; Ice, L. D.; Khaneft, D.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1611.04685

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering
text, January 2017

Afanasev, A.; Blunden, P. G.; Hasell, D.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1703.03874

New empirical fits to the proton electromagnetic form factors
text, January 2001

Brash, E. J.; Kozlov, A.; Li, Sh.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ex/0111038

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text, January 1998

al, V. V. Frolov et
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ex/9808024

Partonic calculation of the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer
text, January 2004

Chen, Y. C.; Afanasev, A.; Brodsky, S. J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0403058

Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
text, January 2005

Afanasev, Andrei V.; Carlson, Carl E.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0502128

Electromagnetic excitation of the Delta(1232)-resonance
text, January 2006

Pascalutsa, Vladimir; Vanderhaeghen, Marc; Yang, Shin Nan
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0609004

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
text, January 2000

Maximon, L. C.; Tjon, J. A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/0002058

$Δ$ resonance contribution to two-photon exchange in electron-proton scattering
text, January 2005

Kondratyuk, S.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/0506026

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering
text, January 2005

Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/0506039

Works referencing / citing this record:

Two-Photon Exchange: Future Experimental Prospects
journal, July 2018

Bernauer, Jan C.
Few-Body Systems, Vol. 59, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s00601-018-1439-y

Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering
journal, November 2019

Koshchii, Oleksandr; Afanasev, Andrei
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.096020

Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering
text, January 2019

Koshchii, Oleksandr; Afanasev, Andrei
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.10217

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Title: Dispersive approach to two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering

Abstract

Citation Formats

γ Z corrections to forward-angle parity-violating e p scattering journal, July 2010

Analyzing power in elastic scattering of electrons off a spin-0 target journal, April 2008

Quark–hadron duality constraints on γZ box corrections to parity-violating elastic scattering journal, February 2016

Measurement of G E p / G M p in e → p → e p → to Q 2 = 5.6 GeV 2 journal, February 2002

Contribution of spin 1/2 and 3/2 resonances to two-photon exchange effects in elastic electron-proton scattering journal, March 2007

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering journal, October 2003

Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e ± p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring journal, February 2015

Infrared divergent scalar box integrals with applications in the electroweak standard model journal, July 1990

Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering journal, June 2005

G E p / G M p Ratio by Polarization Transfer in e → p → e p → journal, February 2000

Δ -resonance contribution to the two-photon exchange amplitude journal, November 2012

Pion photoproduction on nucleons in a covariant hadron-exchange model journal, September 2004

Subtracted dispersion relation formalism for the two-photon exchange correction to elastic electron-proton scattering: Comparison with data journal, February 2015

Nucleon charge and magnetization densities from Sachs form factors journal, December 2002

Scattering of positrons and electrons from protons journal, August 1967

Model dependence of the γ Z dispersion correction to the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic e p scattering journal, July 2011

Constrained γ Z interference corrections to parity-violating electron scattering journal, July 2013

Two-photon-exchange effects in the unpolarized μ p scattering within a hadronic model journal, February 2017

Multipole γN-Δ form factors and resonant photo- and electroproduction journal, November 1973

Two-photon exchange measurements with positrons and electrons conference, January 2009

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment journal, March 2017

Backward scattering of positrons and electrons on protons journal, January 1968

Comparison of neural network and hadronic model predictions of the two-photon exchange effect journal, December 2013

OneLOop: For the evaluation of one-loop scalar functions journal, November 2011

How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors journal, October 2003

Two-photon exchange in a dispersion approach journal, August 2008

Two-Photon Exchange in Electron-Proton Scattering journal, August 1969

Scalar one-loop integrals journal, January 1979

Higher Electromagnetic Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering journal, January 1959

Hadronic γZ box corrections in Møller scattering journal, April 2014

Positron-Proton Scattering journal, August 1965

Erratum to: “Hadronic γZ box corrections in Møller scattering” [Phys. Lett. B 731 (2014) 287–292] journal, June 2014

Search for Effects Beyond the Born Approximation in Polarization Transfer Observables in e → p Elastic Scattering journal, March 2011

Two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-nucleonscattering at large momentum transfer journal, July 2005

Simple parametrization of nucleon form factors journal, December 2004

Measurement of the N → Δ + ( 1232 ) Transition at High-Momentum Transfer by π 0 Electroproduction journal, September 2006

Dispersion γ Z -Box Correction to the Weak Charge of the Proton journal, March 2009

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering journal, June 1961

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron–proton scattering journal, July 2017

Scattering of Positrons and Electrons from Protons journal, August 1966

γ * N Δ form factors from a relativistic dynamical model of pion electroproduction journal, September 2004

Electron Scattering from the Proton journal, April 1955

New developments in FeynCalc 9.0 journal, October 2016

Two-photon exchange corrections in elastic muon-proton scattering journal, July 2014

Feyn Calc - Computer-algebraic calculation of Feynman amplitudes journal, June 1991

Electroproduction of the Δ ( 1232 ) Resonance at High Momentum Transfer journal, January 1999

Q 2 Dependence of Quadrupole Strength in the γ * p → Δ + ( 1232 ) → p π 0 Transition journal, March 2002

Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes journal, November 2007

One-loop corrections for e+e− annihilation into μ+μ− in the Weinberg model journal, November 1979

Package-X: A Mathematica package for the analytic calculation of one-loop integrals journal, December 2015

$\Delta (1232)$ resonance contribution to two-photon exchange in electron-proton scattering revisited journal, August 2015

Comparison of Electron-Proton and Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Four-Momentum Transfers up to 5.0 ( G e V / c ) 2 journal, August 1968

Theoretical constraints and systematic effects in the determination of the proton form factors journal, January 2015

Detailed analysis of two-boson exchange in parity-violating e - p scattering journal, May 2009

Collier: A fortran-based complex one-loop library in extended regularizations journal, March 2017

Two-photon exchange corrections to elastic e − -proton scattering: Full dispersive treatment of π N states at low momentum transfers journal, May 2017

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic ep and up Scattering journal, January 1969

Realistic transverse images of the proton charge and magnetization densities journal, January 2011

Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances journal, January 2012

High-Precision Determination of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Proton journal, December 2010

Δ Resonance Contribution to Two-Photon Exchange in Electron-Proton Scattering journal, October 2005

QCDLoop: A comprehensive framework for one-loop scalar integrals journal, December 2016

Meson Exchange Effects in Two-Nucleon States journal, November 1958

Accuracy of Radiative Corrections to Electromagnetic Scattering from Protons journal, April 1969

Determination of the Pion-Nucleon Scattering Amplitude from Dispersion Relations and Unitarity. General Theory journal, November 1958

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering journal, September 2005

Two-photon exchange contribution in elastic electron-proton scattering, experiment at the VEPP-3 storage ring journal, January 2014

Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic e ± p cross sections journal, June 2017

Radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering journal, October 2000

Two-photon-exchange amplitude with π N intermediate states: P 33 channel journal, February 2014

Automated one-loop calculations in four and D dimensions journal, May 1999

Improved Treatment for the Infrared-Divergence Problem in Quantum Electrodynamics journal, December 1973

Contribution of two-boson exchange with Δ ( 1232 ) excitation to parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering journal, June 2009

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections journal, September 2007

Two-photon exchange amplitude with π N intermediate states: Spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 channels journal, September 2015

Electromagnetic excitation of the Δ(1232)-resonance journal, January 2007

Partonic Calculation of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer journal, September 2004

$γ Z$ corrections to forward-angle parity-violating $e p$ scattering
journal, July 2010

Analyzing power in elastic scattering of electrons off a spin-0 target
journal, April 2008

Quark–hadron duality constraints on γZ box corrections to parity-violating elastic scattering
journal, February 2016

Measurement of $G_{E_{p}} / G_{M_{p}}$ in $\vec{e} p \to e \vec{p}$ to $Q^{2} = 5.6 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, February 2002

Contribution of spin 1/2 and 3/2 resonances to two-photon exchange effects in elastic electron-proton scattering
journal, March 2007

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, October 2003

Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic $e^{\pm} p$ Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring
journal, February 2015

Infrared divergent scalar box integrals with applications in the electroweak standard model
journal, July 1990

Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, June 2005

$G_{E_{p}} / G_{M_{p}}$ Ratio by Polarization Transfer in $\vec{e} p \to e \vec{p}$
journal, February 2000

$Δ$ -resonance contribution to the two-photon exchange amplitude
journal, November 2012

Pion photoproduction on nucleons in a covariant hadron-exchange model
journal, September 2004

Subtracted dispersion relation formalism for the two-photon exchange correction to elastic electron-proton scattering: Comparison with data
journal, February 2015

Nucleon charge and magnetization densities from Sachs form factors
journal, December 2002

Scattering of positrons and electrons from protons
journal, August 1967

Model dependence of the $γ Z$ dispersion correction to the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic $e p$ scattering
journal, July 2011

Constrained $γ Z$ interference corrections to parity-violating electron scattering
journal, July 2013

Two-photon-exchange effects in the unpolarized $μ p$ scattering within a hadronic model
journal, February 2017

Multipole γN-Δ form factors and resonant photo- and electroproduction
journal, November 1973

Two-photon exchange measurements with positrons and electrons
conference, January 2009

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
journal, March 2017

Backward scattering of positrons and electrons on protons
journal, January 1968

Comparison of neural network and hadronic model predictions of the two-photon exchange effect
journal, December 2013

OneLOop: For the evaluation of one-loop scalar functions
journal, November 2011

How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors
journal, October 2003

Two-photon exchange in a dispersion approach
journal, August 2008

Two-Photon Exchange in Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, August 1969

Scalar one-loop integrals
journal, January 1979

Higher Electromagnetic Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, January 1959

Hadronic γZ box corrections in Møller scattering
journal, April 2014

Positron-Proton Scattering
journal, August 1965

Erratum to: “Hadronic γZ box corrections in Møller scattering” [Phys. Lett. B 731 (2014) 287–292]
journal, June 2014

Search for Effects Beyond the Born Approximation in Polarization Transfer Observables in $\vec{e} p$ Elastic Scattering
journal, March 2011

Two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-nucleonscattering at large momentum transfer
journal, July 2005

Simple parametrization of nucleon form factors
journal, December 2004

Measurement of the $N \to Δ^{+} (1232)$ Transition at High-Momentum Transfer by $π^{0}$ Electroproduction
journal, September 2006

Dispersion $γ Z$ -Box Correction to the Weak Charge of the Proton
journal, March 2009

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, June 1961

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron–proton scattering
journal, July 2017

Scattering of Positrons and Electrons from Protons
journal, August 1966

$γ^{*} N Δ$ form factors from a relativistic dynamical model of pion electroproduction
journal, September 2004

Electron Scattering from the Proton
journal, April 1955

New developments in FeynCalc 9.0
journal, October 2016

Two-photon exchange corrections in elastic muon-proton scattering
journal, July 2014

Feyn Calc - Computer-algebraic calculation of Feynman amplitudes
journal, June 1991

Electroproduction of the $Δ (1232)$ Resonance at High Momentum Transfer
journal, January 1999

$Q^{2}$ Dependence of Quadrupole Strength in the $γ^{*} p \to Δ^{+} (1232) \to p π^{0}$ Transition
journal, March 2002

Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes
journal, November 2007

One-loop corrections for e+e− annihilation into μ+μ− in the Weinberg model
journal, November 1979

Package-X: A Mathematica package for the analytic calculation of one-loop integrals
journal, December 2015

$\Delta (1232)$ resonance contribution to two-photon exchange in electron-proton scattering revisited
journal, August 2015

Comparison of Electron-Proton and Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Four-Momentum Transfers up to 5.0 ${(G e V / c)}^{2}$
journal, August 1968

Theoretical constraints and systematic effects in the determination of the proton form factors
journal, January 2015

Detailed analysis of two-boson exchange in parity-violating $e$ - $p$ scattering
journal, May 2009

Collier: A fortran-based complex one-loop library in extended regularizations
journal, March 2017

Two-photon exchange corrections to elastic $e^{-}$ -proton scattering: Full dispersive treatment of $π N$ states at low momentum transfers
journal, May 2017

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic $ep$ and $up$ Scattering
journal, January 1969

Realistic transverse images of the proton charge and magnetization densities
journal, January 2011

Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances
journal, January 2012

High-Precision Determination of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Proton
journal, December 2010

$Δ$ Resonance Contribution to Two-Photon Exchange in Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, October 2005

QCDLoop: A comprehensive framework for one-loop scalar integrals
journal, December 2016

Meson Exchange Effects in Two-Nucleon States
journal, November 1958

Accuracy of Radiative Corrections to Electromagnetic Scattering from Protons
journal, April 1969

Determination of the Pion-Nucleon Scattering Amplitude from Dispersion Relations and Unitarity. General Theory
journal, November 1958

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering
journal, September 2005

Two-photon exchange contribution in elastic electron-proton scattering, experiment at the VEPP-3 storage ring
journal, January 2014

Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic $e^{\pm} p$ cross sections
journal, June 2017

Radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering
journal, October 2000

Two-photon-exchange amplitude with $π N$ intermediate states: $P_{33}$ channel
journal, February 2014

Automated one-loop calculations in four and D dimensions
journal, May 1999

Improved Treatment for the Infrared-Divergence Problem in Quantum Electrodynamics
journal, December 1973

Contribution of two-boson exchange with $Δ (1232)$ excitation to parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering
journal, June 2009

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections
journal, September 2007

Two-photon exchange amplitude with $π N$ intermediate states: Spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 channels
journal, September 2015

Electromagnetic excitation of the Δ(1232)-resonance
journal, January 2007

Partonic Calculation of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer
journal, September 2004

Contributions from $γ Z$ box diagrams to parity violating elastic $e − p$ scattering
journal, June 2011

Empirical fit to the nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, January 1995

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
journal, October 2011