Title: Modular soft x-ray spectrometer for applications in energy sciences and quantum materials

Abstract

Over the past decade, the advances in grating-based soft X-ray spectrometers have revolutionized the soft X-ray spectroscopies in materials research. However, these novel spectrometers are mostly dedicated designs, which cannot be easily adopted for applications with diverging demands. Here we present a versatile spectrometer design concept based on the Hettrick-Underwood optical scheme that uses modular mechanical components. The spectrometer’s optics chamber can be used with gratings operated in either inside or outside orders, and the detector assembly can be reconfigured accordingly. The spectrometer can be designed to have high spectral resolution, exceeding 10 000 resolving power when using small source (~1μm) and detector pixels (~5μm) with high line density gratings (~3000 lines/mm), or high throughput at moderate resolution. We report two such spectrometers with slightly different design goals and optical parameters in this paper. We show that the spectrometer with high throughput and large energy window is particularly useful for studying the sustainable energy materials. We demonstrate that the extensive resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) map of battery cathode material LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ can be produced in few hours using such a spectrometer. Unlike analyzing only a handful of RIXS spectra taken at selected excitation photon energies across the elemental absorption edgesmore » to determine various spectral features like the localized dd excitations and non-resonant fluorescence emissions, these features can be easily identified in the RIXS maps. Studying such RIXS maps could reveal novel transition metal redox in battery compounds that are sometimes hard to be unambiguously identified in X-ray absorption and emission spectra. We propose that this modular spectrometer design can serve as the platform for further customization to meet specific scientific demands.« less

Authors:

Chuang, Yi-De ^[1]; Shao, Yu-Cheng ^[2]; Cruz, Alejandro ^[1]; Hanzel, Kelly ^[3]; Brown, Adam ^[3]; Frano, Alex ^[4]; Qiao, Ruimin ^[1]; Smith, Brian ^[3]; Domning, Edward ^[3]; Huang, Shih-Wen ^[5]; Wray, L. Andrew ^[6]; Lee, Wei-Sheng ^[7]; Shen, Zhi-Xun ^[8]; Devereaux, Thomas P. ^[7]; Chiou, Jaw-Wern  ^[9];

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Pong, Way-Faung ^[2]; Yashchuk, Valeriy V. ^[1]; Gullikson, Eric ^[10]; Reininger, Ruben  ^[11];

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Yang, Wanli  ^[1]

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more »; Guo, Jinghua  ^[1];

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Duarte, Robert ^[3]; Hussain, Zahid ^[1] « less

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
2. Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
3. Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
4. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
5. MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE221-00 Lund, Sweden
6. Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
7. Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
8. Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
9. Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
10. Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
11. Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA

Publication Date:

2017-01-27

Research Org.:

SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:

1361744

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1353087; OSTI ID: 1365830; OSTI ID: 1420488; OSTI ID: 1530269

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Review of Scientific Instruments

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments Journal Volume: 88 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:

American Institute of Physics

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE