Looking for a bulk point

Maldacena, Juan; Simmons-Duffin, David; Zhiboedov, Alexander

doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2017)013

Title: Looking for a bulk point

Abstract

Here, we consider Lorentzian correlators of local operators. In perturbation theory, singularities occur when we can draw a position-space Landau diagram with null lines. In theories with gravity duals, we can also draw Landau diagrams in the bulk. We also argue that certain singularities can arise only from bulk diagrams, not from boundary diagrams. As has been previously observed, these singularities are a clear diagnostic of bulk locality. We analyze some properties of these perturbative singularities and discuss their relation to the OPE and the dimensions of double-trace operators. In the exact nonperturbative theory, we expect no singularity at these locations. Finally, we prove this statement in 1+1 dimensions by CFT methods.

Authors:

Maldacena, Juan ^[1]; Simmons-Duffin, David ^[1]; Zhiboedov, Alexander ^[2]

Inst. for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States). School of Natural Sciences
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Fundamental Laws of Nature

Publication Date:: Tue Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1360732

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009988

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 2017; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer Berlin

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; AdS-CFT Correspondence; Conformal Field Theory; Classical Theories of Gravity; Scattering Amplitudes

Citation Formats


                    Maldacena, Juan, Simmons-Duffin, David, and Zhiboedov, Alexander. Looking for a bulk point.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2017)013.

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                    Maldacena, Juan, Simmons-Duffin, David, & Zhiboedov, Alexander. Looking for a bulk point.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2017)013

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                    Maldacena, Juan, Simmons-Duffin, David, and Zhiboedov, Alexander. Tue .  
"Looking for a bulk point".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2017)013.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1360732.

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@article{osti_1360732,

  title        = {Looking for a bulk point},

  author       = {Maldacena, Juan and Simmons-Duffin, David and Zhiboedov, Alexander},

  abstractNote = {Here, we consider Lorentzian correlators of local operators. In perturbation theory, singularities occur when we can draw a position-space Landau diagram with null lines. In theories with gravity duals, we can also draw Landau diagrams in the bulk. We also argue that certain singularities can arise only from bulk diagrams, not from boundary diagrams. As has been previously observed, these singularities are a clear diagnostic of bulk locality. We analyze some properties of these perturbative singularities and discuss their relation to the OPE and the dimensions of double-trace operators. In the exact nonperturbative theory, we expect no singularity at these locations. Finally, we prove this statement in 1+1 dimensions by CFT methods.},

  doi          = {10.1007/JHEP01(2017)013},

  journal      = {Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 2017,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Tue Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

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We derive a nonperturbative, convergent operator product expansion (OPE) for null-integrated operators on the same null plane in a CFT. The objects appearing in the expansion are light-ray operators, whose matrix elements can be computed by the generalized Lorentzian inversion formula. For example, a product of average null energy (ANEC) operators has an expansion in the light-ray operators that appear in the stress-tensor OPE. An important application is to collider event shapes. The light-ray OPE gives a nonperturbative expansion for event shapes in special functions that we call celestial blocks. As an example, we apply the celestial block expansion tomore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep01(2021)128

Full Text Available
4D scattering amplitudes and asymptotic symmetries from 2D CFT

Journal Article Cheung, Clifford ; de la Fuente, Anton ; Sundrum, Raman - Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

We reformulate the scattering amplitudes of 4D at space gauge theory and gravity in the language of a 2D CFT on the celestial sphere. The resulting CFT structure exhibits an OPE constructed from 4D collinear singularities, as well as infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras encoding the asymptotic symmetries of 4D at space. We derive these results by recasting 4D dynamics in terms of a convenient foliation of flat space into 3D Euclidean AdS and Lorentzian dS geometries. Tree-level scattering amplitudes take the form of Witten diagrams for a continuum of (A)dS modes, which are in turn equivalent to CFT correlatorsmore »« less
Cited by 130
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2017)112

Full Text Available
Shocks, superconvergence, and a stringy equivalence principle

Journal Article Koloğlu, Murat ; Kravchuk, Petr ; Simmons-Duffin, David ; ... - Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

We study propagation of a probe particle through a series of closely situated gravitational shocks. We argue that in any UV-complete theory of gravity the result does not depend on the shock ordering — in other words, coincident gravitational shocks commute. Shock commutativity leads to nontrivial constraints on low-energy effective theories. In particular, it excludes non-minimal gravitational couplings unless extra degrees of freedom are judiciously added. In flat space, these constraints are encoded in the vanishing of a certain “superconvergence sum rule.” In AdS, shock commutativity becomes the statement that average null energy (ANEC) operators commute in the dual CFT.more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2020)096

Full Text Available
Light-Front Holographic QCD

Conference Brodsky, Stanley J ; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins ; de Teramond, Guy F ; ...

The relation between the hadronic short-distance constituent quark and gluon particle limit and the long-range confining domain is yet one of the most challenging aspects of particle physics due to the strong coupling nature of Quantum Chromodynamics, the fundamental theory of the strong interactions. The central question is how one can compute hadronic properties from first principles; i.e., directly from the QCD Lagrangian. The most successful theoretical approach thus far has been to quantize QCD on discrete lattices in Euclidean space-time. Lattice numerical results follow from computation of frame-dependent moments of distributions in Euclidean space and dynamical observables in Minkowskimore »« less
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Title: Looking for a bulk point

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Little string amplitudes (and the unreasonable effectiveness of 6D SYM) journal, December 2014

Polynomial equations for rational conformal field theories journal, October 1988

Effects of D-instantons journal, August 1997

Causality, analyticity and an IR obstruction to UV completion journal, October 2006

Perturbative Gauge Theory as a String Theory in Twistor Space journal, October 2004

On analytic properties of vertex parts in quantum field theory journal, October 1959

Singularities in the physical region journal, July 1965

Causality constraints in conformal field theory journal, May 2016

Bootstrapping the O(N ) vector models journal, June 2014

The Amplituhedron journal, October 2014

Conformal Regge theory journal, December 2012

Borel summation of string theory for Planck scale scattering journal, August 1990

Instantons in supersymmetric Yang-Mills and D-instantons in IIB superstring theory journal, August 1998

Stringy effects in scrambling journal, May 2015

Sewing conformal field theories II journal, December 1988

String field theory vertex from integrability journal, April 2015

Multi-instanton calculus and the AdS/CFT correspondence in superconformal field theory journal, July 1999

Gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling journal, June 2007

Universal mechanism of (semi-classical) deconfinement and θ-dependence for all simple groups journal, March 2013

Causality constraints on corrections to the graviton three-point coupling journal, February 2016

Eikonal approximation in AdS/CFT: Conformal partial waves and finite N four-point functions journal, April 2007

Eikonal methods in AdS/CFT: BFKL Pomeron at weak coupling journal, June 2008

Duality in quantum field theory journal, February 1977

The high-energy behavior of string scattering amplitudes journal, October 1987

Conformal bootstrap with slightly broken higher spin symmetry journal, June 2016

Singularities and Discontinuities of Feynman Amplitudes journal, September 1960

Bootstrapping the three-loop hexagon journal, November 2011

Tensor representations of conformal algebra and conformally covariant operator product expansion journal, March 1973

Conformal partial waves and the operator product expansion journal, February 2004

Holography from conformal field theory journal, October 2009

The asymptotic behaviour of the dual pomeron amplitude journal, February 1972

Writing CFT correlation functions as AdS scattering amplitudes journal, March 2011

Conformal symmetry in two-dimensional space: Recursion representation of conformal block journal, October 1987

Construction of a crossing-simmetric, Regge-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories journal, September 1968

A bound on chaos journal, August 2016

Eikonal approximation in AdS/CFT: from shock waves to four-point functions journal, August 2007

A natural language for AdS/CFT correlators journal, November 2011

A universal inequality for CFT and quantum gravity journal, August 2011

A gas of D-instantons journal, July 1995

Hard Scattering and Gauge/String Duality journal, January 2002

Sewing conformal field theories I journal, December 1988

Jet evolution from weak to strong coupling journal, December 2012

Bounding scalar operator dimensions in 4 D CFT journal, December 2008

Eikonal approximation in AdS/CFT: resumming the gravitational loop expansion journal, September 2007

Effective conformal theory and the flat-space limit of AdS journal, July 2011

Localized shocks journal, March 2015

Classical Polylogarithms for Amplitudes and Wilson Loops journal, October 2010

Unitarity and the holographic S-Matrix journal, October 2012

Infinite conformal symmetry in two-dimensional quantum field theory journal, July 1984

Simplifying instanton corrections to $ \mathcal{N} $ = 4 SYM correlators journal, April 2014

A measure of de Sitter entropy and eternal inflation journal, May 2007

Computing three-point functions for short operators journal, March 2014

Coordinate-space singularities of massless gauge theories journal, April 2014

Conformal symmetry in two dimensions: An explicit recurrence formula for the conformal partial wave amplitude journal, September 1984

On Analytic Properties of Vertex Parts in Quantum Field Theory book, January 1965

Tensor Representations of Conformal Algebra and Conformally Covariant Operator Product Expansion text, January 1973

Computing three-point functions for short operators text, January 2014

Duality in Quantum Field Theory text, January 1975

Leading singularities and off-shell conformal integrals text, January 2013

Tensor Representations of Conformal Algebra and Conformally Covariant Operator Product Expansion text, January 1971

A Measure of de Sitter Entropy and Eternal Inflation text, January 2007

Holography from Conformal Field Theory text, January 2009

Classical Polylogarithms for Amplitudes and Wilson Loops text, January 2010

Effective Conformal Theory and the Flat-Space Limit of AdS text, January 2010

A Natural Language for AdS/CFT Correlators text, January 2011

Bootstrapping the three-loop hexagon text, January 2011

Conformal Regge theory text, January 2012

Universal mechanism of (semi-classical) deconfinement and theta-dependence for all simple groups text, January 2012

Leading singularities and off-shell conformal integrals text, January 2013

Bootstrapping the O(N) Vector Models text, January 2013

Computing Three-Point Functions for Short Operators text, January 2013

Coordinate-space singularities of massless gauge theories text, January 2013

Stringy effects in scrambling preprint, January 2014

String field theory vertex from integrability text, January 2015

A bound on chaos text, January 2015

Causality Constraints in Conformal Field Theory text, January 2015

Three-Loop Four-Point Correlator in N=4 SYM text, January 2000

Little string amplitudes (and the unreasonable effectiveness of 6D SYM)
journal, December 2014

Polynomial equations for rational conformal field theories
journal, October 1988

Effects of D-instantons
journal, August 1997

Causality, analyticity and an IR obstruction to UV completion
journal, October 2006

Perturbative Gauge Theory as a String Theory in Twistor Space
journal, October 2004

On analytic properties of vertex parts in quantum field theory
journal, October 1959

Singularities in the physical region
journal, July 1965

Causality constraints in conformal field theory
journal, May 2016

Bootstrapping the O(N ) vector models
journal, June 2014

The Amplituhedron
journal, October 2014

Conformal Regge theory
journal, December 2012

Borel summation of string theory for Planck scale scattering
journal, August 1990

Instantons in supersymmetric Yang-Mills and D-instantons in IIB superstring theory
journal, August 1998

Stringy effects in scrambling
journal, May 2015

Sewing conformal field theories II
journal, December 1988

String field theory vertex from integrability
journal, April 2015

Multi-instanton calculus and the AdS/CFT correspondence in superconformal field theory
journal, July 1999

Gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling
journal, June 2007

Universal mechanism of (semi-classical) deconfinement and θ-dependence for all simple groups
journal, March 2013

Causality constraints on corrections to the graviton three-point coupling
journal, February 2016

Eikonal approximation in AdS/CFT: Conformal partial waves and finite N four-point functions
journal, April 2007

Eikonal methods in AdS/CFT: BFKL Pomeron at weak coupling
journal, June 2008

Duality in quantum field theory
journal, February 1977

The high-energy behavior of string scattering amplitudes
journal, October 1987

Conformal bootstrap with slightly broken higher spin symmetry
journal, June 2016

Singularities and Discontinuities of Feynman Amplitudes
journal, September 1960

Bootstrapping the three-loop hexagon
journal, November 2011

Tensor representations of conformal algebra and conformally covariant operator product expansion
journal, March 1973

Conformal partial waves and the operator product expansion
journal, February 2004

Holography from conformal field theory
journal, October 2009

The asymptotic behaviour of the dual pomeron amplitude
journal, February 1972

Writing CFT correlation functions as AdS scattering amplitudes
journal, March 2011

Conformal symmetry in two-dimensional space: Recursion representation of conformal block
journal, October 1987

Construction of a crossing-simmetric, Regge-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories
journal, September 1968

A bound on chaos
journal, August 2016

Eikonal approximation in AdS/CFT: from shock waves to four-point functions
journal, August 2007

A natural language for AdS/CFT correlators
journal, November 2011

A universal inequality for CFT and quantum gravity
journal, August 2011

A gas of D-instantons
journal, July 1995

Hard Scattering and Gauge/String Duality
journal, January 2002

Sewing conformal field theories I
journal, December 1988

Jet evolution from weak to strong coupling
journal, December 2012

Bounding scalar operator dimensions in 4 D CFT
journal, December 2008

Eikonal approximation in AdS/CFT: resumming the gravitational loop expansion
journal, September 2007

Effective conformal theory and the flat-space limit of AdS
journal, July 2011

Localized shocks
journal, March 2015

Classical Polylogarithms for Amplitudes and Wilson Loops
journal, October 2010

Unitarity and the holographic S-Matrix
journal, October 2012

Infinite conformal symmetry in two-dimensional quantum field theory
journal, July 1984

Simplifying instanton corrections to $ \mathcal{N} $ = 4 SYM correlators
journal, April 2014

A measure of de Sitter entropy and eternal inflation
journal, May 2007

Computing three-point functions for short operators
journal, March 2014

Coordinate-space singularities of massless gauge theories
journal, April 2014

Conformal symmetry in two dimensions: An explicit recurrence formula for the conformal partial wave amplitude
journal, September 1984

On Analytic Properties of Vertex Parts in Quantum Field Theory
book, January 1965

Tensor Representations of Conformal Algebra and Conformally Covariant Operator Product Expansion
text, January 1973

Computing three-point functions for short operators
text, January 2014

Duality in Quantum Field Theory
text, January 1975

Leading singularities and off-shell conformal integrals
text, January 2013

Tensor Representations of Conformal Algebra and Conformally Covariant Operator Product Expansion
text, January 1971

A Measure of de Sitter Entropy and Eternal Inflation
text, January 2007

Holography from Conformal Field Theory
text, January 2009

Classical Polylogarithms for Amplitudes and Wilson Loops
text, January 2010

Effective Conformal Theory and the Flat-Space Limit of AdS
text, January 2010

A Natural Language for AdS/CFT Correlators
text, January 2011

Bootstrapping the three-loop hexagon
text, January 2011

Conformal Regge theory
text, January 2012

Universal mechanism of (semi-classical) deconfinement and theta-dependence for all simple groups
text, January 2012

Leading singularities and off-shell conformal integrals
text, January 2013

Bootstrapping the O(N) Vector Models
text, January 2013

Computing Three-Point Functions for Short Operators
text, January 2013

Coordinate-space singularities of massless gauge theories
text, January 2013

Stringy effects in scrambling
preprint, January 2014

String field theory vertex from integrability
text, January 2015

A bound on chaos
text, January 2015

Causality Constraints in Conformal Field Theory
text, January 2015

Three-Loop Four-Point Correlator in N=4 SYM
text, January 2000

Perturbative Gauge Theory As A String Theory In Twistor Space
text, January 2003

Causality, Analyticity and an IR Obstruction to UV Completion
text, January 2006

Eikonal Approximation in AdS/CFT: From Shock Waves to Four-Point Functions
text, January 2006