A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations

Soukhanovskii, V. A.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959

Title: A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations

Abstract

The present vision for a plasma–material interface in the tokamak is an axisymmetric poloidal magnetic X-point divertor. Four tasks are accomplished by the standard poloidal X-point divertor: plasma power exhaust; particle control (D/T and He pumping); reduction of impurity production (source); and impurity screening by the divertor scrape-off layer. A low-temperature, low heat flux divertor operating regime called radiative detachment is viewed as the main option that addresses these tasks for present and future tokamaks. Advanced magnetic divertor configuration has the capability to modify divertor parallel and cross-field transport, radiative and dissipative losses, and detachment front stability. Advanced magnetic divertor configurations are divided into four categories based on their salient qualitative features: (1) multiple standard X-point divertors; (2) divertors with higher order nulls; (3) divertors with multiple X-points; and (4) long poloidal leg divertors (and also with multiple X-points). As a result, this paper reviews experiments and modeling in the area of radiative detachment in the advanced magnetic divertor configurations.

Authors:

Soukhanovskii, V. A. ^[1]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1357373

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-715887-DRAFT
Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP Science

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION

Citation Formats


                    Soukhanovskii, V. A. A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959.

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                    Soukhanovskii, V. A. A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959

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                    Soukhanovskii, V. A. Fri .  
"A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1357373.

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@article{osti_1357373,

  title        = {A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations},

  author       = {Soukhanovskii, V. A.},

  abstractNote = {The present vision for a plasma–material interface in the tokamak is an axisymmetric poloidal magnetic X-point divertor. Four tasks are accomplished by the standard poloidal X-point divertor: plasma power exhaust; particle control (D/T and He pumping); reduction of impurity production (source); and impurity screening by the divertor scrape-off layer. A low-temperature, low heat flux divertor operating regime called radiative detachment is viewed as the main option that addresses these tasks for present and future tokamaks. Advanced magnetic divertor configuration has the capability to modify divertor parallel and cross-field transport, radiative and dissipative losses, and detachment front stability. Advanced magnetic divertor configurations are divided into four categories based on their salient qualitative features: (1) multiple standard X-point divertors; (2) divertors with higher order nulls; (3) divertors with multiple X-points; and (4) long poloidal leg divertors (and also with multiple X-points). As a result, this paper reviews experiments and modeling in the area of radiative detachment in the advanced magnetic divertor configurations.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959},

  journal      = {Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 59,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Zheng, G. Y.; Xu, X. Q.; Ryutov, D. D.
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Ohyabu, N.; Renner, H.
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Snowflake divertor configuration studies in National Spherical Torus Experiment
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journal, August 2015

Petrie, T. W.; Allen, S. L.; Fenstermacher, M. E.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 463
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Shimomura, Y.; Maeda, H.
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Petrie, T. W.; Greenfield, C. M.; Grobener, R. J.
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journal, January 2010

Ryutov, D. D.; Umansky, M. V.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 1
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Investigation of Advanced Divertor Magnetic Configuration for DEMO Tokamak Reactor
journal, January 2013

Asakura, N.
Fusion Science & Technology
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report, August 1981

Petravic, M.; Post, D.; Heifetz, D.
DOI: 10.2172/6289245

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journal, January 1981

Spitzer, Lyman
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 9, Issue 4
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Benchmarking of a 1D Scrape-off layer code SOLF1D with SOLPS and its use in modelling long-legged divertors
text, January 2013

Havlickova, E.; Fundamenski, W.; Subba, F.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1305.3144

MAST-Upgrade Divertor Facility and Assessing Performance of Long-Legged Divertors
text, January 2013

Fishpool, G.; Canik, J.; Cunningham, G.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1306.6774

Magnetic Geometry and Physics of Advanced Divertors: The X-Divertor and the Snowflake
text, January 2013

Kotschenreuther, Mike; Valanju, Prashant; Covele, Brent
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1309.5289

Works referencing / citing this record:

Developing physics basis for the snowflake divertor in the DIII-D tokamak
journal, February 2018

Soukhanovskii, V. A.; Allen, S. L.; Fenstermacher, M. E.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/aaa6de

Performance assessment of long-legged tightly-baffled divertor geometries in the ARC reactor concept
journal, September 2019

Wigram, M. R. K.; LaBombard, B.; Umansky, M. V.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ab394f

SOLPS simulations with electron kinetic effects
journal, January 2019

Zhao, Menglong; Chankin, Alex; Coster, David
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aaf4ea

Self-consistent simulation of supersonic plasma flows in advanced divertors
journal, June 2019

Togo, Satoshi; Takizuka, Tomonori; Reiser, Dirk
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ab1f2c

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Title: A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations

Abstract

Citation Formats

Geometrical properties of a “snowflake” divertor journal, June 2007

Neutral density measurements in doublet III journal, April 1982

Simulation Study of an Extended Divertor Leg for Heat Control in the SlimCS DEMO Reactor journal, June 2012

The UWMAK-II study: A conceptual design of a helium cooled, solid breeder, Tokamak fusion reactor system journal, October 1976

Divertor plasma detachment journal, May 2016

Magnetic geometry and physics of advanced divertors: The X-divertor and the snowflake journal, October 2013

Radiation losses and global energy balance for Ohmically heated discharges in ASDEX journal, December 1982

Attainment of high confinement in neutral beam heated divertor discharges in the PDX tokamak journal, May 1984

Combination of helical ferritic-steel inserts and flux-tube-expansion divertor for the heat control in tokamak DEMO reactor journal, August 2015

A review of progress towards a next step divertor journal, December 1993

The snowflake divertor journal, November 2015

SOLPS analysis of the MAST-U divertor with the effect of heating power and pumping on the access to detachment in the Super-x configuration journal, August 2015

Particle Exhaust from Plasma Discharges with an Expanded-Boundary Divertor journal, November 1981

He + + Transport in the PDX Tokamak journal, February 1984

A Model for the Edge Plasma near a Poloidal Divertor journal, May 1991

Helium behaviour in expanded boundary divertor discharges journal, April 1982

The super X divertor (SXD) and a compact fusion neutron source (CFNS) journal, February 2010

Multi-Fluid Transport Modeling of NSTX Upgrade Standard and Snowflake Divertor Configurations: Multi-Fluid Transport Modeling of NSTX Upgrade Standard and Snowflake Divertor Configurations journal, June 2014

A new poloidal-bundle divertor for a spherical tokamak journal, September 2000

Expanded-boundary approach to impurity control in tokamaks journal, May 1981

The ASDEX divertor tokamak journal, September 1985

Aspects of plasma-wall interaction in the ASDEX divertor experiment journal, December 1976

Investigation of Advanced Divertor Magnetic Configuration for DEMO Tokamak Reactor journal, May 2013

Chapter 4: Power and particle control journal, December 1999

An exploration of advanced X-divertor scenarios on ITER journal, May 2014

Poloidal divertor for the Wisconsin Tokamak Reactor Design journal, September 1974

Toroidal Equilibrium Equipped with Dipole Divertor journal, March 1998

A review of the recent expanded boundary divertor experiments in the doublet III device journal, November 1982

Radiative snowflake divertor studies in DIII-D journal, August 2015

The effect of the Super-X divertor of MAST Upgrade on impurity radiation as modelled by SOLPS journal, August 2015

Estimation of peak heat flux onto the targets for CFETR with extended divertor leg journal, November 2016

Investigation of conventional and Super-X divertor configurations of MAST Upgrade using scrape-off layer plasma simulation journal, May 2014

On heat loading, novel divertors, and fusion reactors journal, July 2007

An advanced conceptual tokamak fusion power reactor utilizing closed cycle helium gas turbines journal, October 1976

Computational Study of MHD Equilibrium of Noncircular Tokamak Reactor Plasmas journal, January 1976

Divertor regimes in NSTX journal, March 2005

Effects of divertor geometry on tokamak plasmas journal, May 2001

Study of SOL/Divertor Plasmas in JFT-2M journal, February 2006

Edge Plasma in Snowflake Divertor journal, May 2010

A simulation study of large power handling in the divertor for a Demo reactor journal, November 2013

Modelling of dense and cold divertor plasma in D-III journal, May 1984

Modeling of the edge plasma of MAST Upgrade with a Super-X divertor including drifts and an edge transport barrier journal, February 2013

Modeling divertor concepts for spherical tokamaks NSTX-U and ST-FNSF journal, July 2015

2D divertor design calculations for the national high-power advanced torus experiment journal, June 2009

Plasma containment in cusp-shaped magnetic fields journal, August 1977

Two-dimensional analysis of limiter/divertor transition in scrape-off layer plasmas journal, February 1989

Divertor and edge plasma properties in doublet III expanded boundary discharges journal, January 1986

Modeling detachment physics in the NSTX snowflake divertor journal, August 2015

ADX: a high field, high power density, advanced divertor and RF tokamak journal, April 2015

Divertor operation in the Princeton Reference Design Model Tokamak Reactor journal, September 1974

High density operation for reactor-relevant power exhaust journal, August 2015

Alternative divertor target concepts for next step fusion devices journal, September 2016

“Snowflake” divertor configuration in NSTX journal, August 2011

Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters journal, April 1995

Formation of dee-shaped plasmas with single-null poloidal divertor in Doublet III journal, October 1980

Conditioning and optimization of discharges in ASDEX journal, October 1980

Divertor physics: summary of modelling and experiments journal, December 1984

Benchmarking of a 1D scrape-off layer code SOLF1D with SOLPS and its use in modelling long-legged divertors journal, May 2013

Impurity behaviour under puff-and-pump radiating divertor conditions journal, May 2009

Divertor target profiles and recycling studies in TCV single null lower standard discharges journal, February 1997

Experimental program of JT-60 and its relevance with the research of divertors journal, May 1984

The energy balance of divertor discharges in the PDX tokamak journal, May 1984

Tokamak with superposed multipole magnetic field journal, August 1971

Tripe X-point tokamak divertor journal, March 1990

Fusion reactor systems journal, January 1975

Characteristics of the divertor plasma in neutral-beam-heated ASDEX discharges journal, July 1983

Divertor design for the tokamak physics experiment journal, April 1995

Investigations on the heat flux and impurity for the HL-2M divertor journal, September 2016

Effect of changes in separatrix magnetic geometry on divertor behaviour in DIII-D journal, September 2013

Divertor heat flux mitigation in the National Spherical Torus Experiment journal, February 2009

Analysis of geometric variations in high-power tokamak divertors journal, May 2009

The national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) research programme and progress towards high beta, long pulse operating scenarios journal, December 2003

Effect of separatrix magnetic geometry on divertor behavior in DIII-D journal, July 2013

PDX Divertor operation journal, October 1980

Divertors for Impurity Control and Review of Impurity Effects in PPL Tokamaks book, January 1977

Comparison of radiating divertor behaviour in single-null and double-null plasmas in DIII-D journal, March 2008

Physics Design of CFETR: Determination of the Device Engineering Parameters journal, March 2014

Geometrical properties of a “snowflake” divertor
journal, June 2007

Neutral density measurements in doublet III
journal, April 1982

Simulation Study of an Extended Divertor Leg for Heat Control in the SlimCS DEMO Reactor
journal, June 2012

The UWMAK-II study: A conceptual design of a helium cooled, solid breeder, Tokamak fusion reactor system
journal, October 1976

Divertor plasma detachment
journal, May 2016

Magnetic geometry and physics of advanced divertors: The X-divertor and the snowflake
journal, October 2013

Radiation losses and global energy balance for Ohmically heated discharges in ASDEX
journal, December 1982

Attainment of high confinement in neutral beam heated divertor discharges in the PDX tokamak
journal, May 1984

Combination of helical ferritic-steel inserts and flux-tube-expansion divertor for the heat control in tokamak DEMO reactor
journal, August 2015

A review of progress towards a next step divertor
journal, December 1993

The snowflake divertor
journal, November 2015

SOLPS analysis of the MAST-U divertor with the effect of heating power and pumping on the access to detachment in the Super-x configuration
journal, August 2015

Particle Exhaust from Plasma Discharges with an Expanded-Boundary Divertor
journal, November 1981

${He}^{+ +}$ Transport in the PDX Tokamak
journal, February 1984

A Model for the Edge Plasma near a Poloidal Divertor
journal, May 1991

Helium behaviour in expanded boundary divertor discharges
journal, April 1982

The super X divertor (SXD) and a compact fusion neutron source (CFNS)
journal, February 2010

Multi-Fluid Transport Modeling of NSTX Upgrade Standard and Snowflake Divertor Configurations: Multi-Fluid Transport Modeling of NSTX Upgrade Standard and Snowflake Divertor Configurations
journal, June 2014

A new poloidal-bundle divertor for a spherical tokamak
journal, September 2000

Expanded-boundary approach to impurity control in tokamaks
journal, May 1981

The ASDEX divertor tokamak
journal, September 1985

Aspects of plasma-wall interaction in the ASDEX divertor experiment
journal, December 1976

Investigation of Advanced Divertor Magnetic Configuration for DEMO Tokamak Reactor
journal, May 2013

Chapter 4: Power and particle control
journal, December 1999

An exploration of advanced X-divertor scenarios on ITER
journal, May 2014

Poloidal divertor for the Wisconsin Tokamak Reactor Design
journal, September 1974

Toroidal Equilibrium Equipped with Dipole Divertor
journal, March 1998

A review of the recent expanded boundary divertor experiments in the doublet III device
journal, November 1982

Radiative snowflake divertor studies in DIII-D
journal, August 2015

The effect of the Super-X divertor of MAST Upgrade on impurity radiation as modelled by SOLPS
journal, August 2015

Estimation of peak heat flux onto the targets for CFETR with extended divertor leg
journal, November 2016

Investigation of conventional and Super-X divertor configurations of MAST Upgrade using scrape-off layer plasma simulation
journal, May 2014

On heat loading, novel divertors, and fusion reactors
journal, July 2007

An advanced conceptual tokamak fusion power reactor utilizing closed cycle helium gas turbines
journal, October 1976

Computational Study of MHD Equilibrium of Noncircular Tokamak Reactor Plasmas
journal, January 1976

Divertor regimes in NSTX
journal, March 2005

Effects of divertor geometry on tokamak plasmas
journal, May 2001

Study of SOL/Divertor Plasmas in JFT-2M
journal, February 2006

Edge Plasma in Snowflake Divertor
journal, May 2010

A simulation study of large power handling in the divertor for a Demo reactor
journal, November 2013

Modelling of dense and cold divertor plasma in D-III
journal, May 1984

Modeling of the edge plasma of MAST Upgrade with a Super-X divertor including drifts and an edge transport barrier
journal, February 2013

Modeling divertor concepts for spherical tokamaks NSTX-U and ST-FNSF
journal, July 2015

2D divertor design calculations for the national high-power advanced torus experiment
journal, June 2009

Plasma containment in cusp-shaped magnetic fields
journal, August 1977

Two-dimensional analysis of limiter/divertor transition in scrape-off layer plasmas
journal, February 1989

Divertor and edge plasma properties in doublet III expanded boundary discharges
journal, January 1986

Modeling detachment physics in the NSTX snowflake divertor
journal, August 2015

ADX: a high field, high power density, advanced divertor and RF tokamak
journal, April 2015

Divertor operation in the Princeton Reference Design Model Tokamak Reactor
journal, September 1974

High density operation for reactor-relevant power exhaust
journal, August 2015

Alternative divertor target concepts for next step fusion devices
journal, September 2016

“Snowflake” divertor configuration in NSTX
journal, August 2011

Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters
journal, April 1995

Formation of dee-shaped plasmas with single-null poloidal divertor in Doublet III
journal, October 1980

Conditioning and optimization of discharges in ASDEX
journal, October 1980

Divertor physics: summary of modelling and experiments
journal, December 1984

Benchmarking of a 1D scrape-off layer code SOLF1D with SOLPS and its use in modelling long-legged divertors
journal, May 2013

Impurity behaviour under puff-and-pump radiating divertor conditions
journal, May 2009

Divertor target profiles and recycling studies in TCV single null lower standard discharges
journal, February 1997

Experimental program of JT-60 and its relevance with the research of divertors
journal, May 1984

The energy balance of divertor discharges in the PDX tokamak
journal, May 1984

Tokamak with superposed multipole magnetic field
journal, August 1971

Tripe X-point tokamak divertor
journal, March 1990

Fusion reactor systems
journal, January 1975

Characteristics of the divertor plasma in neutral-beam-heated ASDEX discharges
journal, July 1983

Divertor design for the tokamak physics experiment
journal, April 1995

Investigations on the heat flux and impurity for the HL-2M divertor
journal, September 2016

Effect of changes in separatrix magnetic geometry on divertor behaviour in DIII-D
journal, September 2013

Divertor heat flux mitigation in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, February 2009

Analysis of geometric variations in high-power tokamak divertors
journal, May 2009

The national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) research programme and progress towards high beta, long pulse operating scenarios
journal, December 2003

Effect of separatrix magnetic geometry on divertor behavior in DIII-D
journal, July 2013

PDX Divertor operation
journal, October 1980

Divertors for Impurity Control and Review of Impurity Effects in PPL Tokamaks
book, January 1977

Comparison of radiating divertor behaviour in single-null and double-null plasmas in DIII-D
journal, March 2008

Physics Design of CFETR: Determination of the Device Engineering Parameters
journal, March 2014

A super-cusp divertor configuration for tokamaks
journal, August 2015

The scaling of edge properties with main plasma parameters in doublet III discharges
journal, December 1984

Numerical study of potential heat flux mitigation effects in the TCV snowflake divertor
journal, March 2016