Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect

Wu, Stephen M.; Hoffman, Jason; Pearson, John E.; Bhattacharya, Anand

doi:10.1063/1.4895034

Title: Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect

Abstract

In this paper, the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect is measured on the ferromagnetic insulator Fe₃O₄ with the ferromagnetic metal Co_0.2Fe_0.6B_0.2 (CoFeB) as the spin detector. By using a non-magnetic spacer material between the two materials (Ti), it is possible to decouple the two ferromagnetic materials and directly observe pure spin flow from Fe₃O₄ into CoFeB. It is shown that in a single ferromagnetic metal, the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) can occur simultaneously with opposite polarity. Using this and the large difference in the coercive fields between the two magnets, it is possible to unambiguously separate the contributions of the spin Seebeck effect from the ANE and observe the degree to which each effect contributes to the total response. Finally, these experiments show conclusively that the ISHE and ANE in CoFeB are separate phenomena with different origins and can coexist in the same material with opposite response to a thermal gradient.

Authors:

Wu, Stephen M. ^[1]; Hoffman, Jason ^[1]; Pearson, John E. ^[1]; Bhattacharya, Anand ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division

Publication Date:: Fri Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1356623

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; Ferromagnetic materials; Thermoelectric effects; Heaters; Coercive force; Magnets

Citation Formats


                    Wu, Stephen M., Hoffman, Jason, Pearson, John E., and Bhattacharya, Anand. Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4895034.

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                    Wu, Stephen M., Hoffman, Jason, Pearson, John E., & Bhattacharya, Anand. Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4895034

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                    Wu, Stephen M., Hoffman, Jason, Pearson, John E., and Bhattacharya, Anand. Fri .  
"Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4895034.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356623.

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@article{osti_1356623,

  title        = {Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect},

  author       = {Wu, Stephen M. and Hoffman, Jason and Pearson, John E. and Bhattacharya, Anand},

  abstractNote = {In this paper, the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect is measured on the ferromagnetic insulator Fe3O4 with the ferromagnetic metal Co0.2Fe0.6B0.2 (CoFeB) as the spin detector. By using a non-magnetic spacer material between the two materials (Ti), it is possible to decouple the two ferromagnetic materials and directly observe pure spin flow from Fe3O4 into CoFeB. It is shown that in a single ferromagnetic metal, the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) can occur simultaneously with opposite polarity. Using this and the large difference in the coercive fields between the two magnets, it is possible to unambiguously separate the contributions of the spin Seebeck effect from the ANE and observe the degree to which each effect contributes to the total response. Finally, these experiments show conclusively that the ISHE and ANE in CoFeB are separate phenomena with different origins and can coexist in the same material with opposite response to a thermal gradient.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4895034},

  journal      = {Applied Physics Letters},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 105,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Fri Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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Wahler, Martin; Homonnay, Nico; Richter, Tim
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Interfacial ferromagnetism and atomic structures in high-temperature grown Fe ₃ O ₄ /Pt/Fe ₃ O ₄ epitaxial trilayers
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Orientation-dependent direct and inverse spin Hall effects in ${Co}_{60} {Fe}_{20} B_{20}$
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Cramer, Joel; Ross, Andrew; Jaiswal, Samridh
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Title: Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect

Abstract

Citation Formats

Observation of the Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductors journal, December 2004

Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in metallic multilayers journal, December 2002

Spin Seebeck insulator journal, September 2010

Observation of longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in magnetic insulators journal, October 2010

Thermal spin pumping and magnon-phonon-mediated spin-Seebeck effect journal, May 2012

Local Charge and Spin Currents in Magnetothermal Landscapes journal, March 2012

Experimental Test of the Spin Mixing Interface Conductivity Concept journal, October 2013

Inverse Spin Hall Effect in a Ferromagnetic Metal journal, August 2013

Transport Magnetic Proximity Effects in Platinum journal, September 2012

Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect Free from the Proximity Nernst Effect journal, February 2013

Pt Magnetic Polarization on Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 and Magnetotransport Characteristics journal, April 2013

Investigation of induced Pt magnetic polarization in Pt/Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 bilayers journal, December 2012

Intrinsic Spin Seebeck Effect in Au / YIG journal, February 2013

Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect: from fundamentals to applications journal, August 2014

Non-volatile ferroelastic switching of the Verwey transition and resistivity of epitaxial Fe3O4/PMN-PT (011) journal, May 2013

Observation of the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial Fe 3 O 4 thin films journal, February 2013

Spin Hall Effects in Metals journal, October 2013

Onset of the vortexlike Nernst signal above T c in La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4 and Bi 2 Sr 2 − y La y CuO 6 journal, November 2001

Anomalous Hall Heat Current and Nernst Effect in the C u C r 2 S e 4 − x B r x Ferromagnet journal, November 2004

Mott Relation for Anomalous Hall and Nernst Effects in Ga 1 − x Mn x As Ferromagnetic Semiconductors journal, September 2008

Crossover Behavior of the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anomalous Nernst Effect in Itinerant Ferromagnets journal, August 2007

Inverse spin Hall effect in a complex ferromagnetic oxide heterostructure journal, June 2016

Sign change in the tunnel magnetoresistance of Fe 3 O 4 /MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junctions depending on the annealing temperature and the interface treatment journal, April 2015

Anomalous Nernst effect in Ir 22 Mn 78 /Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 /MgO layers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy journal, November 2017

Frontiers of magnetic force microscopy journal, February 2019

Interfacial ferromagnetism and atomic structures in high-temperature grown Fe 3 O 4 /Pt/Fe 3 O 4 epitaxial trilayers journal, October 2019

Enhanced thermo-spin effects in iron-oxide/metal multilayers journal, May 2018

Orientation-dependent direct and inverse spin Hall effects in Co 60 Fe 20 B 20 journal, March 2019

Paramagnetic Spin Seebeck Effect journal, May 2015

Antiferromagnetic Spin Seebeck Effect journal, March 2016

Orientation-dependent direct and inverse spin Hall effects in Co60Fe20B20 text, January 2019

Sign change in the tunnel magnetoresistance of Fe3O4/MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junctions depending on the annealing temperature and the interface treatment text, January 2014

Antiferromagnetic spin Seebeck Effect text, January 2015

Observation of the Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductors
journal, December 2004

Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in metallic multilayers
journal, December 2002

Spin Seebeck insulator
journal, September 2010

Observation of longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in magnetic insulators
journal, October 2010

Thermal spin pumping and magnon-phonon-mediated spin-Seebeck effect
journal, May 2012

Local Charge and Spin Currents in Magnetothermal Landscapes
journal, March 2012

Experimental Test of the Spin Mixing Interface Conductivity Concept
journal, October 2013

Inverse Spin Hall Effect in a Ferromagnetic Metal
journal, August 2013

Transport Magnetic Proximity Effects in Platinum
journal, September 2012

Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect Free from the Proximity Nernst Effect
journal, February 2013

Pt Magnetic Polarization on $Y_{3} {Fe}_{5} O_{12}$ and Magnetotransport Characteristics
journal, April 2013

Investigation of induced Pt magnetic polarization in Pt/Y ₃ Fe ₅ O ₁₂ bilayers
journal, December 2012

Intrinsic Spin Seebeck Effect in $Au / YIG$
journal, February 2013

Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect: from fundamentals to applications
journal, August 2014

Non-volatile ferroelastic switching of the Verwey transition and resistivity of epitaxial Fe3O4/PMN-PT (011)
journal, May 2013

Observation of the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial Fe ₃ O ₄ thin films
journal, February 2013

Spin Hall Effects in Metals
journal, October 2013

Onset of the vortexlike Nernst signal above $T_{c}$ in ${La}_{2 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CuO}_{4}$ and ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2 - y} {La}_{y} {CuO}_{6}$
journal, November 2001

Anomalous Hall Heat Current and Nernst Effect in the ${C u C r}_{2} {S e}_{4 - x} {B r}_{x}$ Ferromagnet
journal, November 2004

Mott Relation for Anomalous Hall and Nernst Effects in ${Ga}_{1 - x} {Mn}_{x} As$ Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
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Crossover Behavior of the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anomalous Nernst Effect in Itinerant Ferromagnets
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text, January 2019

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