DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Electrically tunable all-dielectric optical metasurfaces based on liquid crystals

Abstract

We demonstrate electrical tuning of the spectral response of a Mie-resonant dielectric metasurface consisting of silicon nanodisks embedded into liquid crystals. We use the reorientation of nematic liquid crystals in a moderate applied electric field to alter the anisotropic permittivity tensor around the metasurface. By switching a control voltage ‘on’ and ‘off’ we induce a large spectral shift of the metasurface resonances, resulting in an absolute transmission modulation up to 75%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of voltage control of a dielectric metasurface, paving the way for new types of electrically tunable metadevices, including dynamic displays and holograms.

Authors:
 [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [1]
  1. Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
  2. Friedrich Schiller Univ., Jena (Germany)
  3. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  4. Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia); Friedrich Schiller Univ., Jena (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1356223
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1985577
Report Number(s):
SAND-2017-2081J
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951; 651206
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Applied Physics Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 110; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Komar, Andrei, Fang, Zheng, Bohn, Justus, Sautter, Jürgen, Decker, Manuel, Miroshnichenko, Andrey, Pertsch, Thomas, Brener, Igal, Kivshar, Yuri S., Staude, Isabelle, and Neshev, Dragomir N. Electrically tunable all-dielectric optical metasurfaces based on liquid crystals. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4976504.
Komar, Andrei, Fang, Zheng, Bohn, Justus, Sautter, Jürgen, Decker, Manuel, Miroshnichenko, Andrey, Pertsch, Thomas, Brener, Igal, Kivshar, Yuri S., Staude, Isabelle, & Neshev, Dragomir N. Electrically tunable all-dielectric optical metasurfaces based on liquid crystals. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976504
Komar, Andrei, Fang, Zheng, Bohn, Justus, Sautter, Jürgen, Decker, Manuel, Miroshnichenko, Andrey, Pertsch, Thomas, Brener, Igal, Kivshar, Yuri S., Staude, Isabelle, and Neshev, Dragomir N. Mon . "Electrically tunable all-dielectric optical metasurfaces based on liquid crystals". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976504. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356223.
@article{osti_1356223,
title = {Electrically tunable all-dielectric optical metasurfaces based on liquid crystals},
author = {Komar, Andrei and Fang, Zheng and Bohn, Justus and Sautter, Jürgen and Decker, Manuel and Miroshnichenko, Andrey and Pertsch, Thomas and Brener, Igal and Kivshar, Yuri S. and Staude, Isabelle and Neshev, Dragomir N.},
abstractNote = {We demonstrate electrical tuning of the spectral response of a Mie-resonant dielectric metasurface consisting of silicon nanodisks embedded into liquid crystals. We use the reorientation of nematic liquid crystals in a moderate applied electric field to alter the anisotropic permittivity tensor around the metasurface. By switching a control voltage ‘on’ and ‘off’ we induce a large spectral shift of the metasurface resonances, resulting in an absolute transmission modulation up to 75%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of voltage control of a dielectric metasurface, paving the way for new types of electrically tunable metadevices, including dynamic displays and holograms.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4976504},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = 7,
volume = 110,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 13 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Mon Feb 13 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 191 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Active Tuning of All-Dielectric Metasurfaces
journal, February 2015


Tailoring Directional Scattering through Magnetic and Electric Resonances in Subwavelength Silicon Nanodisks
journal, August 2013

  • Staude, Isabelle; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.; Decker, Manuel
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 9, p. 7824-7832
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn402736f

From metamaterials to metadevices
journal, October 2012

  • Zheludev, Nikolay I.; Kivshar, Yuri S.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat3431

Infrared refractive indices of liquid crystals
journal, April 2005

  • Li, Jun; Wu, Shin-Tson; Brugioni, Stefano
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1877815

High-Efficiency Dielectric Huygens’ Surfaces
journal, February 2015

  • Decker, Manuel; Staude, Isabelle; Falkner, Matthias
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 6, p. 813-820
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201400584

Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements
journal, July 2014


Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission
journal, August 2015

  • Arbabi, Amir; Horie, Yu; Bagheri, Mahmood
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 11, p. 937-943
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.186

Gate-Tunable Conducting Oxide Metasurfaces
journal, August 2016


Polarization-Independent Silicon Metadevices for Efficient Optical Wavefront Control
journal, July 2015


Experimental demonstration of a broadband all-dielectric metamaterial perfect reflector
journal, April 2014

  • Moitra, Parikshit; Slovick, Brian A.; Gang Yu, Zhi
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4873521

Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses: Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses
journal, November 2016

  • Kamali, Seyedeh Mahsa; Arbabi, Ehsan; Arbabi, Amir
  • Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 10, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201600144

All-dielectric phase-change reconfigurable metasurface
journal, August 2016

  • Karvounis, Artemios; Gholipour, Behrad; MacDonald, Kevin F.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4959272

High-Efficiency All-Dielectric Metasurfaces for Ultracompact Beam Manipulation in Transmission Mode
journal, August 2015


Ultrafast All-Optical Switching with Magnetic Resonances in Nonlinear Dielectric Nanostructures
journal, September 2015

  • Shcherbakov, Maxim R.; Vabishchevich, Polina P.; Shorokhov, Alexander S.
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02989

Mechanically Tunable Dielectric Resonator Metasurfaces at Visible Frequencies
journal, December 2015

  • Gutruf, Philipp; Zou, Chengjun; Withayachumnankul, Withawat
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05954

Optically resonant dielectric nanostructures
journal, November 2016

  • Kuznetsov, Arseniy I.; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.; Brongersma, Mark L.
  • Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6314
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2472

Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen
journal, January 1908


High-transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at visible wavelengths: High-transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at visible wavelengths
journal, June 2015

  • Yu, Ye Feng; Zhu, Alexander Y.; Paniagua-Domínguez, Ramón
  • Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 9, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201500041

Tunable Frequency Selective Surfaces and Negative-Zero-Positive Index Metamaterials Based on Liquid Crystals
journal, May 2008

  • Bossard, Jeremy A.; Liang, Xiaotao; Li, Ling
  • IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, Issue 5, p. 1308-1320
  • DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2008.922174

Efficient polarization beam splitter pixels based on a dielectric metasurface
journal, January 2015


Nonlinear Transient Dynamics of Photoexcited Resonant Silicon Nanostructures
journal, July 2016


Conduction‐Induced Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals: Basic Model and Stability Considerations
journal, November 1969

  • Helfrich, W.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1672632

Demonstration of Magnetic Dipole Resonances of Dielectric Nanospheres in the Visible Region
journal, June 2012

  • Evlyukhin, Andrey B.; Novikov, Sergey M.; Zywietz, Urs
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 7, p. 3749-3755
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl301594s

Dielectric resonator nanoantennas at visible frequencies
journal, January 2013

  • Zou, Longfang; Withayachumnankul, Withawat; Shah, Charan M.
  • Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.001344

All-dielectric metasurface analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency
journal, December 2014

  • Yang, Yuanmu; Kravchenko, Ivan I.; Briggs, Dayrl P.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Article No. 5753
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6753

Spectrally selective chiral silicon metasurfaces based on infrared Fano resonances
journal, May 2014

  • Wu, Chihhui; Arju, Nihal; Kelp, Glen
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Article No. 3892
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4892

Magnetic light
journal, July 2012

  • Kuznetsov, Arseniy I.; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.; Fu, Yuan Hsing
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep00492

Tuning of Magnetic Optical Response in a Dielectric Nanoparticle by Ultrafast Photoexcitation of Dense Electron–Hole Plasma
journal, August 2015


Optical magnetic mirrors without metals
journal, January 2014

  • Liu, Sheng; Sinclair, Michael B.; Mahony, Thomas S.
  • Optica, Vol. 1, Issue 4, p. 250-256
  • DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.1.000250

Liquid crystal displays
journal, November 1972


Liquid Crystal Displays
journal, August 1984


Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses
text, January 2016


Works referencing / citing this record:

Reversible Thermal Tuning of All-Dielectric Metasurfaces
journal, July 2017

  • Rahmani, Mohsen; Xu, Lei; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700580

Tunable Metasurfaces Based on Active Materials
journal, March 2019

  • Cui, Tong; Bai, Benfeng; Sun, Hong‐Bo
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806692

Advanced Optical Programming of Individual Meta‐Atoms Beyond the Effective Medium Approach
journal, May 2019

  • Michel, Ann‐Katrin U.; Heßler, Andreas; Meyer, Sebastian
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901033

A Tunable Multigate Indium-Tin-Oxide-Assisted All-Dielectric Metasurface
journal, February 2018

  • Forouzmand, Ali; Salary, Mohammad Mahdi; Inampudi, Sandeep
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201701275

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics
journal, May 2018

  • Chen, Shuqi; Li, Zhi; Zhang, Yuebian
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201800104

Pairing Toroidal and Magnetic Dipole Resonances in Elliptic Dielectric Rod Metasurfaces for Reconfigurable Wavefront Manipulation in Reflection
journal, September 2018

  • Tsilipakos, Odysseas; Tasolamprou, Anna C.; Koschny, Thomas
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201800633

Multifunctional Metasurfaces Based on Direct Nanoimprint of Titania Sol–Gel Coatings
journal, March 2019

  • Checcucci, Simona; Bottein, Thomas; Gurioli, Massimo
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201801406

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive
journal, April 2019

  • Hail, Claudio U.; Michel, Ann‐Katrin U.; Poulikakos, Dimos
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201801786

Recent Progress in Active Optical Metasurfaces
journal, April 2019

  • Kang, Lei; Jenkins, Ronald P.; Werner, Douglas H.
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201801813

Characterization of Dynamic and Nanoscale Materials and Metamaterials with Continuously Referenced Interferometry
journal, September 2019

  • Ollanik, Adam J.; Hartfield, George Z.; Ji, Yaping
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201901128

Near‐Unity and Narrowband Thermal Emissivity in Balanced Dielectric Metasurfaces
journal, December 2019

  • Howes, Austin; Nolen, Joshua R.; Caldwell, Joshua D.
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201901470

Reversible Image Contrast Manipulation with Thermally Tunable Dielectric Metasurfaces
journal, March 2019


Active control of anapole states by structuring the phase-change alloy Ge2Sb2Te5
journal, January 2019


Electrically Tunable Gap Surface Plasmon-based Metasurface for Visible Light
journal, October 2017


Toward Electrically Tunable, Lithography-Free, Ultra-Thin Color Filters Covering the Whole Visible Spectrum
journal, July 2018


Active tuning of the Fano resonance from a Si nanosphere dimer by the substrate effect
journal, January 2019

  • Huang, Yingcong; Yan, Jiahao; Ma, Churong
  • Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00198g

Controlling the degrees of freedom in metasurface designs for multi-functional optical devices
journal, January 2019

  • Xiong, Bo; Deng, Lin; Peng, Ruwen
  • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9na00343f

Polarization control of high transmission/reflection switching by all-dielectric metasurfaces
journal, February 2018

  • Shibanuma, Toshihiko; Maier, Stefan A.; Albella, Pablo
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5018783

Low dissipation spectral filtering using a field-effect tunable III–V hybrid metasurface
journal, August 2018

  • Sarma, Raktim; Campione, Salvatore; Goldflam, Michael
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5042662

Multichannel remote polarization control enabled by nanostructured liquid crystalline networks
journal, May 2019

  • Zanotto, Simone; Sgrignuoli, Fabrizio; Nocentini, Sara
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5096648

Control of the magnetic near-field pattern inside MRI machine with tunable metasurface
journal, August 2019

  • Kretov, Egor I.; Shchelokova, Alena V.; Slobozhanyuk, Alexey P.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5099413

Interaction of semiconductor metasurfaces with short laser pulses: From nonlinear-optical response toward spatiotemporal shaping
journal, August 2019

  • Shcherbakov, M. R.; Eilenberger, F.; Staude, I.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5108630

Resonant dielectric metasurfaces: active tuning and nonlinear effects
journal, July 2019

  • Zou, Chengjun; Sautter, Jürgen; Setzpfandt, Frank
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab25ff

Electrically driven flexible 2D plasmonic structure based on a nematic liquid crystal
journal, July 2019

  • Mbarak, H.; Hamidi, S. M.; Mohajerani, E.
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab2fea

Engineering the optical properties of dielectric nanospheres by resonant modes
journal, October 2018


Intelligent Metasurfaces with Continuously Tunable Local Surface Impedance for Multiple Reconfigurable Functions
journal, April 2019


Spatiotemporal light control with active metasurfaces
journal, May 2019

  • Shaltout, Amr M.; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Brongersma, Mark L.
  • Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6441
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3100

Phase-only transmissive spatial light modulator based on tunable dielectric metasurface
journal, June 2019


Spatiotemporal light control with frequency-gradient metasurfaces
journal, July 2019

  • Shaltout, Amr M.; Lagoudakis, Konstantinos G.; van de Groep, Jorik
  • Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6451
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aax2357

Temporal color mixing and dynamic beam shaping with silicon metasurfaces
journal, July 2019

  • Holsteen, Aaron L.; Cihan, Ahmet Fatih; Brongersma, Mark L.
  • Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6450
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aax5961

All-optical switch and logic gates based on hybrid silicon-Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 metasurfaces
journal, January 2019

  • Zhang, Zhaojian; Yang, Junbo; Bai, Wei
  • Applied Optics, Vol. 58, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.007392

Liquid-crystal tunable color filters based on aluminum metasurfaces
journal, January 2017

  • Xie, Zu-Wen; Yang, Jhen-Hong; Vashistha, Vishal
  • Optics Express, Vol. 25, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030764

Reconfiguring structured light beams using nonlinear metasurfaces
journal, January 2018


Novel liquid crystal photonic devices enabled by two-photon polymerization [Invited]
journal, January 2019

  • He, Ziqian; Tan, Guanjun; Chanda, Debashis
  • Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011472

Mechanically tunable focusing metamirror in the visible
journal, January 2019

  • Cheng, Fei; Qiu, Liangyu; Nikolov, Daniel
  • Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015194

Multi-wavelength voltage-coded metasurface based on indium tin oxide: independently and dynamically controllable near-infrared multi-channels
journal, January 2020

  • Sabri, Raana; Forouzmand, Ali; Mosallaei, Hossein
  • Optics Express, Vol. 28, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1364/oe.382926

Electrically driven generation of arbitrary vector vortex beams on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere
journal, January 2018

  • Wang, Ruisi; He, Shanshan; Chen, Shizhen
  • Optics Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003570

Terahertz resonance switch induced by the polarization conversion of liquid crystal in compound metasurface
journal, January 2019


A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control
journal, June 2018


Light-emitting metasurfaces
journal, July 2019

  • Vaskin, Aleksandr; Kolkowski, Radoslaw; Koenderink, A. Femius
  • Nanophotonics, Vol. 8, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2019-0110

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces
journal, January 2018

  • Ward, Jonathan; Zangeneh Kamali, Khosro; Xu, Lei
  • Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 9
  • DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.44

Reconfiguring structured light beams using nonlinear metasurfaces
text, January 2018


Phase-only transmissive spatial light modulator based on tunable dielectric metasurface
text, January 2019


Electrically Tunable Metamaterials Based on Multimaterial Nanowires Incorporating Transparent Conductive Oxides
journal, August 2017


Electrically Tunable Gap Surface Plasmon-based Metasurface for Visible Light
journal, October 2017


Liquid-Crystal-Based Electrically Tuned Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Metasurface Switch
journal, December 2017


Toward Electrically Tunable, Lithography-Free, Ultra-Thin Color Filters Covering the Whole Visible Spectrum
journal, July 2018


Liquid Crystal Enabled Dynamic Nanodevices
journal, October 2018

  • Ma, Zhenhe; Meng, Xianghe; Liu, Xiaodi
  • Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.3390/nano8110871

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces
journal, January 2018

  • Ward, Jonathan; Zangeneh Kamali, Khosro; Xu, Lei
  • Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 9
  • DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.44