Unveiling the nature of the $$\gamma$$-ray emitting active galactic nucleus PKS 0521-36
Abstract
PKS 0521-36 is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) with uncertain classification. Here, we investigate the properties of this source from radio to γ-rays. The broad emission lines in the optical and ultraviolet bands and steep radio spectrum indicate a possible classification as an intermediate object between broad-line radio galaxies (BLRG) and steep spectrum radio quasars (SSRQ). On pc-scales PKS 0521-36 shows a knotty structure similar to misaligned AGN. The core dominance and the γ-ray properties are similar to those estimated for other SSRQ and BLRG detected in γ-rays, suggesting an intermediate viewing angle with respect to the observer. In this context the flaring activity detected from this source by Fermi-Large Area Telescope between 2010 June and 2012 February is very intriguing. We discuss the γ-ray emission of this source in the framework of the structured jet scenario, comparing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2010 June with that of a low state. We present three alternative models corresponding to three different choices of the viewing angles θv = 6°, 15°, and 20°. We obtain a good fit for the first two cases, but the SED obtained with θv = 15° if observed at a small anglemore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. degli Studi di Bologna (Italy). Dip. Di Fisica e Astronomia; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bologna (Italy). Istituto di Radioastronomia
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bologna (Italy). Istituto di Radioastronomia
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Merate (Italy). Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bologna (Italy). Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Pino Torinese (Italy). Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, Pisa (Italy)
- Univ. degli Studi di Perugia (Italy)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1354934
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 450; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; gamma-rays; galaxies; galaxies nuclei; quasars; PKS 0521−36
Citation Formats
D'Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Tavecchio, F., Ghisellini, G., Torresi, E., Giroletti, M., Raiteri, C. M., Grandi, P., Aller, M., Aller, H., Gurwell, M. A., Malaguti, G., Pian, E., and Tosti, G. Unveiling the nature of the $\gamma$-ray emitting active galactic nucleus PKS 0521-36. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv909.
D'Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Tavecchio, F., Ghisellini, G., Torresi, E., Giroletti, M., Raiteri, C. M., Grandi, P., Aller, M., Aller, H., Gurwell, M. A., Malaguti, G., Pian, E., & Tosti, G. Unveiling the nature of the $\gamma$-ray emitting active galactic nucleus PKS 0521-36. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv909
D'Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Tavecchio, F., Ghisellini, G., Torresi, E., Giroletti, M., Raiteri, C. M., Grandi, P., Aller, M., Aller, H., Gurwell, M. A., Malaguti, G., Pian, E., and Tosti, G. Tue .
"Unveiling the nature of the $\gamma$-ray emitting active galactic nucleus PKS 0521-36". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv909. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354934.
@article{osti_1354934,
title = {Unveiling the nature of the $\gamma$-ray emitting active galactic nucleus PKS 0521-36},
author = {D'Ammando, F. and Orienti, M. and Tavecchio, F. and Ghisellini, G. and Torresi, E. and Giroletti, M. and Raiteri, C. M. and Grandi, P. and Aller, M. and Aller, H. and Gurwell, M. A. and Malaguti, G. and Pian, E. and Tosti, G.},
abstractNote = {PKS 0521-36 is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) with uncertain classification. Here, we investigate the properties of this source from radio to γ-rays. The broad emission lines in the optical and ultraviolet bands and steep radio spectrum indicate a possible classification as an intermediate object between broad-line radio galaxies (BLRG) and steep spectrum radio quasars (SSRQ). On pc-scales PKS 0521-36 shows a knotty structure similar to misaligned AGN. The core dominance and the γ-ray properties are similar to those estimated for other SSRQ and BLRG detected in γ-rays, suggesting an intermediate viewing angle with respect to the observer. In this context the flaring activity detected from this source by Fermi-Large Area Telescope between 2010 June and 2012 February is very intriguing. We discuss the γ-ray emission of this source in the framework of the structured jet scenario, comparing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2010 June with that of a low state. We present three alternative models corresponding to three different choices of the viewing angles θv = 6°, 15°, and 20°. We obtain a good fit for the first two cases, but the SED obtained with θv = 15° if observed at a small angle does not resemble that of a typical blazar since the synchrotron emission should dominate by a large factor (~100) the inverse Compton component. This suggests that a viewing angle between 6° and 15° is preferred, with the rapid variability observed during γ-ray flares favouring a smaller angle. However, we cannot rule out that PKS 0521-36 is the misaligned counterpart of a synchrotron-dominated blazar.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stv909},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 450,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue May 19 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Tue May 19 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 17 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY DETECTION OF THE RADIO GALAXY M87
journal, November 2009
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 707, Issue 1
FERMI /LARGE AREA TELESCOPE BRIGHT GAMMA-RAY SOURCE LIST
journal, June 2009
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 183, Issue 1
FERMI -LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXCEPTIONAL GAMMA-RAY OUTBURSTS OF 3C 273 IN 2009 SEPTEMBER
journal, April 2010
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 714, Issue 1
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF MISALIGNED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
journal, August 2010
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 720, Issue 1
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FIRST SOURCE CATALOG
journal, May 2010
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 188, Issue 2
THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON ORBIT: EVENT CLASSIFICATION, INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS, AND CALIBRATION
journal, October 2012
- Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Albert, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 203, Issue 1
Multifrequency Studies of the Peculiar Quasar 4c +21.35 During the 2010 Flaring Activity
journal, April 2014
- Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 786, Issue 2
Detection of very-high energy γ -ray emission from NGC 1275 by the MAGIC telescopes
journal, February 2012
- Aleksić, J.; Alvarez, E. A.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 539
Constraining the Physical Conditions in the jets of γ-Ray Flaring Blazars Using Centimeter-Band Polarimetry and Radiative Transfer Simulations. i. data and Models for 0420–014, oj 287, and 1156+295
journal, July 2014
- Aller, M. F.; Hughes, P. A.; Aller, H. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 791, Issue 1
THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION
journal, May 2009
- Atwood, W. B.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 697, Issue 2
The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the SWIFT Midex Mission
journal, October 2005
- Barthelmy, Scott D.; Barbier, Louis M.; Cummings, Jay R.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 120, Issue 3-4
THE 70 MONTH SWIFT -BAT ALL-SKY HARD X-RAY SURVEY
journal, July 2013
- Baumgartner, W. H.; Tueller, J.; Markwardt, C. B.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 207, Issue 2
The X-ray jet and halo of PKS 0521−365
journal, September 2002
- Birkinshaw, M.; Worrall, D. M.; Hardcastle, M. J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 335, Issue 1
Identification of Extragalactic Radio Sources Between Declinations ?20° and ?44°
journal, January 1965
- Bolton, Jg; E. Clarke, Margaret; Ekers, Rd
- Australian Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Recollimation and Radiative Focusing of Relativistic Jets: Applications to Blazars and m87
journal, June 2009
- Bromberg, Omer; Levinson, Amir
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 699, Issue 2
An updated list of BL Lac objects, and their relation to galaxies and quasistellar objects
journal, January 1987
- Burbidge, G.; Hewitt, A.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 93
The Swift X-Ray Telescope
journal, October 2005
- Burrows, David N.; Hill, J. E.; Nousek, J. A.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 120, Issue 3-4
The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
journal, October 1989
- Cardelli, Jason A.; Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Mathis, John S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 345
A revised catalogue of EGRET ${\sf \gamma}$-ray sources
journal, July 2008
- Casandjian, J. -M.; Grenier, I. A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 489, Issue 2
Superluminal Radio Features in the M87 Jet and the Site of Flaring TeV Gamma-Ray Emission
journal, June 2007
- Cheung, C. C.; Harris, D. E.; Stawarz, Ł.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 663, Issue 2
The NRAO VLA Sky Survey
journal, May 1998
- Condon, J. J.; Cotton, W. D.; Greisen, E. W.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 115, Issue 5
AGILE detection of extreme γ -ray activity from the blazar PKS 1510-089 during March 2009 : Multifrequency analysis⋆
journal, April 2011
- D’Ammando, F.; Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 529
PKS 2123−463: a confirmed γ-ray blazar at high redshift: PKS 2123−463: a γ-ray blazar at high redshift
journal, November 2012
- D'Ammando, F.; Rau, A.; Schady, P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 427, Issue 1
Multiwavelength observations of the γ-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 PMN J0948+0022 in 2011
journal, January 2014
- D'Ammando, F.; Larsson, J.; Orienti, M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 438, Issue 4
The radio and optical properties of the BL Lac object PKS 0521 – 36
journal, September 1979
- Danziger, I. J.; Fosbury, R. A. E.; Goss, W. M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 188, Issue 2
Variable Gamma-Ray Emission Induced by Ultra-High Energy Neutral Beams: Application to 4c +21.35
journal, August 2012
- Dermer, Charles D.; Murase, Kohta; Takami, Hajime
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 755, Issue 2
A complete sample of radio galaxies - I. The radio data
journal, February 1989
- Ekers, R. D.; Wall, J. V.; Shaver, P. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 236, Issue 4
The jet of the BL Lacertae object PKS 0521-365 in the near-IR: MAD adaptive optics observations
journal, May 2009
- Falomo, R.; Pian, E.; Treves, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 501, Issue 3
The Morphology of Extragalactic Radio Sources of High and Low Luminosity
journal, April 1974
- Fanaroff, B. L.; Riley, J. M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 1
XMM–Newton observations of a sample of γ -ray loud active galactic nuclei
journal, June 2006
- Foschini, L.; Ghisellini, G.; Raiteri, C. M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 453, Issue 3
Detection of significant cm to sub-mm band radio and -ray correlated variability in Fermi bright blazars
journal, May 2014
- Fuhrmann, L.; Larsson, S.; Chiang, J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 441, Issue 3
The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission
journal, August 2004
- Gehrels, N.; Chincarini, G.; Giommi, P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 611, Issue 2
Rapid variability in TeV blazars: the case of PKS 2155−304
journal, May 2008
- Ghisellini, G.; Tavecchio, F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 386, Issue 1
Canonical high-power blazars
journal, August 2009
- Ghisellini, G.; Tavecchio, F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 397, Issue 2
Structured jets in TeV BL Lac objects and radiogalaxies: Implications for the observed properties
journal, March 2005
- Ghisellini, G.; Tavecchio, F.; Chiaberge, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 432, Issue 2
The transition between BL Lac objects and flat spectrum radio quasars: FSRQs and BL Lacs
journal, May 2011
- Ghisellini, G.; Tavecchio, F.; Foschini, L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 414, Issue 3
Fast TeV variability in blazars: jets in a jet
journal, May 2009
- Giannios, Dimitrios; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Begelman, Mitchell C.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 395, Issue 1
A Sample of Low‐Redshift BL Lacertae Objects. I. The Radio Data
journal, October 2004
- Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 613, Issue 2
The kinematic of HST-1 in the jet of M 87
journal, February 2012
- Giroletti, M.; Hada, K.; Giovannini, G.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 538
The Third EGRET Catalog of High‐Energy Gamma‐Ray Sources
journal, July 1999
- Hartman, R. C.; Bertsch, D. L.; Bloom, S. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 123, Issue 1
The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with
improved stray-radiation corrections
journal, September 2005
- Kalberla, P. M. W.; Burton, W. B.; Hartmann, Dap
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 440, Issue 2
γ-RAY SPECTRAL EVOLUTION OF NGC 1275 OBSERVED WITH FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
journal, April 2010
- Kataoka, J.; Stawarz, Ł.; Cheung, C. C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 715, Issue 1
BROAD-LINE RADIO GALAXIES OBSERVED WITH FERMI -LAT: THE ORIGIN OF THE GeV γ-RAY EMISSION
journal, September 2011
- Kataoka, J.; Stawarz, Ł.; Takahashi, Y.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 740, Issue 1
FIVE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
journal, February 2009
- Komatsu, E.; Dunkley, J.; Nolta, M. R.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 180, Issue 2
EGRET observations of the BL Lacertae objects 0716+714 and 0521-365
journal, March 1995
- Lin, Y. C.; Bertsch, D. L.; Dingus, B. L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 442
Turbulent, Extreme Multi-Zone Model for Simulating flux and Polarization Variability in Blazars
journal, December 2013
- Marscher, Alan P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 780, Issue 1
The Likelihood Analysis of EGRET Data
journal, April 1996
- Mattox, J. R.; Bertsch, D. L.; Chiang, J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 461
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG
journal, March 2012
- Nolan, P. L.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 199, Issue 2
Relativistic beaming and quasar statistics
journal, October 1982
- Orr, M. J. L.; Browne, I. W. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 200, Issue 4
The Broadband Energy Distribution of the Misaligned Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 0521-365
journal, March 1996
- Pian, E.; Falomo, R.; Ghisellini, G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 459
The long-lasting activity of 3C 454.3: GASP-WEBT and satellite observations in 2008–2010 ⋆⋆⋆
journal, October 2011
- Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Aller, M. F.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 534
Variability of the blazar 4C 38.41 (B3 1633+382) from GHz frequencies to GeV energies
journal, September 2012
- Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Smith, P. S.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 545
Unexpected high Brightness Temperature 140 pc from the core in the jet of 3c 120
journal, March 2010
- Roca-Sogorb, Mar; Gómez, José L.; Agudo, Iván
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 712, Issue 2
The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
journal, October 2005
- Roming, Peter W. A.; Kennedy, Thomas E.; Mason, Keith O.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 120, Issue 3-4
VERY RAPID HIGH-AMPLITUDE GAMMA-RAY VARIABILITY IN LUMINOUS BLAZAR PKS 1510–089 STUDIED WITH FERMI -LAT
journal, March 2013
- Saito, S.; Stawarz, Ł.; Tanaka, Y. T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 766, Issue 1
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Optical Jets of PKS 0521−365, 3C 371, and PKS 2201+044
journal, December 1999
- Scarpa, Riccardo; Urry, C. Megan; Falomo, Renato
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 526, Issue 2
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011
- Schlafly, Edward F.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 2
Hubble Space Telescope observations of synchrotron jets
journal, February 1994
- Sparks, W. B.; Biretta, J. A.; Macchetto, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 90
The complete sample of 1 Jansky BL Lacertae objects. I - Summary properties
journal, June 1991
- Stickel, M.; Fried, J. W.; Kuehr, H.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 374
The Einstein Observatory Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey. II - The optical identifications
journal, May 1991
- Stocke, John T.; Morris, Simon L.; Gioia, I. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 76
Spine–sheath layer radiative interplay in subparsec-scale jets and the TeV emission from M87
journal, March 2008
- Tavecchio, Fabrizio; Ghisellini, Gabriele
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 385, Issue 1
On the spine-layer scenario for the very high-energy emission of NGC 1275
journal, July 2014
- Tavecchio, F.; Ghisellini, G.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 443, Issue 2
Constraining the location of the emitting region in Fermi blazars through rapid γ-ray variability: Rapid γ-ray variability in blazars
journal, April 2010
- Tavecchio, F.; Ghisellini, G.; Bonnoli, G.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 405, Issue 1
On the origin of the γ -ray emission from the flaring blazar PKS 1222+216
journal, October 2011
- Tavecchio, F.; Becerra-Gonzalez, J.; Ghisellini, G.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 534
The Second EGRET Catalog of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources
journal, November 1995
- Thompson, D. J.; Bertsch, D. L.; Dingus, B. L.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 101
The Parsec-Scale Structure and Evolution of PKS 0521−365
journal, August 2002
- Tingay, S. J.; Edwards, P. G.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Issue 2
Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, June 1995
- Urry, C. Megan; Padovani, Paolo
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 107
On the Absorption of X‐Rays in the Interstellar Medium
journal, October 2000
- Wilms, J.; Allen, A.; McCray, R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 542, Issue 2
The Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) Surveys. VIII. Source Catalog for the Zenith Survey (-37.0 degrees < delta < -29.0 degrees )
journal, March 1996
- Wright, Alan E.; Griffith, Mark R.; Hunt, Andrew J.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 103
Works referencing / citing this record:
The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars
journal, June 2016
- Krauß, F.; Wilms, J.; Kadler, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 591
Gamma-ray emission in radio galaxies under the VLBI scope: I. Parsec-scale jet kinematics and high-energy properties of
journal, July 2019
- Angioni, R.; Ros, E.; Kadler, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 627
Faint γ-ray sources at low redshift: the radio galaxy IC 1531
journal, September 2018
- Bassi, T.; Migliori, G.; Grandi, P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4
Relativistic Jets from AGN Viewed at Highest Angular Resolution
journal, December 2019
- Hada, Kazuhiro
- Galaxies, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Examining the High-energy Radiation Mechanisms of Knots and Hotspots in Active Galactic Nucleus Jets
journal, April 2018
- Zhang, Jin; Du, Shen-shi; Guo, Sheng-Chu
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1
Examining High Energy Radiation Mechanisms of Knots and Hotspots in Active Galactic Nucleus Jets
text, January 2018
- Zhang, Jin; Du, Shen-shi; Guo, Sheng-Chu
- arXiv