Fermi-Lat observations of high-and intermediate-velocity clouds: tracing cosmic rays in the halo of the Milky Way
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cosmic rays (CRs) up to at least PeV energies are Galactic in origin. Accelerated particles are injected into the interstellar medium where they propagate to the farthest reaches of the Milky Way, including a surrounding halo. The composition of CRs coming to the solar system can be measured directly and has been used to infer the details of CR propagation that are extrapolated to the whole Galaxy. In contrast, indirect methods, such as observations of γ-ray emission from CR interactions with interstellar gas, have been employed to directly probe the CR densities in distant locations throughout the Galactic plane. In this article we use 73 months of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the energy range between 300 MeV and 10 GeV to search for γ-ray emission produced by CR interactions in several high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs) located at up to ~7 kpc above the Galactic plane. We achieve the first detection of IVCs in γ rays and set upper limits on the emission from the remaining targets, thereby tracing the distribution of CR nuclei in the halo for the first time. Here, we find that the γ-ray emissivity per H atommore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Lab., Dept. of Physics; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Gif sur Yvette (France). Lab. AIM
- Univ. of Iceland, Reykjavik (Iceland). Science Inst.
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Lab., Dept. of Physics; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Torino (Italy)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Swedish Research Council (SRC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1354930
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; NNX13AC47G; NNX13O87G
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 807; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmic rays; Galaxy; Halo; gamma rays; ISM clouds
Citation Formats
Tibaldo, L., Digel, S. W., Casandjian, J. M., Franckowiak, A., Grenier, I. A., Jóhannesson, G., Marshall, D. J., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Orlando, E., Porter, T. A., Reimer, O., and Strong, A. W. Fermi-Lat observations of high-and intermediate-velocity clouds: tracing cosmic rays in the halo of the Milky Way. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/161.
Tibaldo, L., Digel, S. W., Casandjian, J. M., Franckowiak, A., Grenier, I. A., Jóhannesson, G., Marshall, D. J., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Orlando, E., Porter, T. A., Reimer, O., & Strong, A. W. Fermi-Lat observations of high-and intermediate-velocity clouds: tracing cosmic rays in the halo of the Milky Way. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/161
Tibaldo, L., Digel, S. W., Casandjian, J. M., Franckowiak, A., Grenier, I. A., Jóhannesson, G., Marshall, D. J., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Orlando, E., Porter, T. A., Reimer, O., and Strong, A. W. Thu .
"Fermi-Lat observations of high-and intermediate-velocity clouds: tracing cosmic rays in the halo of the Milky Way". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/161. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354930.
@article{osti_1354930,
title = {Fermi-Lat observations of high-and intermediate-velocity clouds: tracing cosmic rays in the halo of the Milky Way},
author = {Tibaldo, L. and Digel, S. W. and Casandjian, J. M. and Franckowiak, A. and Grenier, I. A. and Jóhannesson, G. and Marshall, D. J. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Negro, M. and Orlando, E. and Porter, T. A. and Reimer, O. and Strong, A. W.},
abstractNote = {It is widely accepted that cosmic rays (CRs) up to at least PeV energies are Galactic in origin. Accelerated particles are injected into the interstellar medium where they propagate to the farthest reaches of the Milky Way, including a surrounding halo. The composition of CRs coming to the solar system can be measured directly and has been used to infer the details of CR propagation that are extrapolated to the whole Galaxy. In contrast, indirect methods, such as observations of γ-ray emission from CR interactions with interstellar gas, have been employed to directly probe the CR densities in distant locations throughout the Galactic plane. In this article we use 73 months of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the energy range between 300 MeV and 10 GeV to search for γ-ray emission produced by CR interactions in several high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs) located at up to ~7 kpc above the Galactic plane. We achieve the first detection of IVCs in γ rays and set upper limits on the emission from the remaining targets, thereby tracing the distribution of CR nuclei in the halo for the first time. Here, we find that the γ-ray emissivity per H atom decreases with increasing distance from the plane at 97.5% confidence level. This corroborates the notion that CRs at the relevant energies originate in the Galactic disk. The emissivity of the upper intermediate-velocity Arch hints at a 50% decline of CR densities within 2 kpc from the plane. Finally, we compare our results to predictions of CR propagation models.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/161},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 807,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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