Using HAWC to discover invisible pulsars
Abstract
Observations by HAWC and Milagro have detected bright and spatially extended TeV gamma-ray sources surrounding the Geminga and Monogem pulsars. We argue that these observations, along with a substantial population of other extended TeV sources coincident with pulsar wind nebulae, constitute a new morphological class of spatially extended TeV halos. We show that HAWCs wide field-of-view unlocks an expansive parameter space of TeV halos not observable by atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Under the assumption that Geminga and Monogem are typical middle-aged pulsars, we show that ten-year HAWC observations should eventually observe 37$$^{+17}_{-13}$$ middle-aged TeV halos that correspond to pulsars whose radio emission is not beamed towards Earth. Depending on the extrapolation of the TeV halo efficiency to young pulsars, HAWC could detect more than 100 TeV halos from mis-aligned pulsars. These pulsars have historically been difficult to detect with existing multiwavelength observations. TeV halos will constitute a significant fraction of all HAWC sources, allowing follow-up observations to efficiently find pulsar wind nebulae and thermal pulsar emission. Furthermore, the observation and subsequent multi-wavelength follow-up of TeV halos will have significant implications for our understanding of pulsar beam geometries, the evolution of PWN, the diffusion of cosmic-rays near energetic pulsars, and the contribution of pulsars to the cosmic-ray positron excess.
- Authors:
-
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
- The Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Joint Space-Science Institute, College Park, MD (United States)
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1354871
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-17-080-A; arXiv:1703.09704
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 1519943
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review D
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Citation Formats
Linden, Tim, Auchettl, Katie, Bramante, Joseph, Cholis, Ilias, Fang, Ke, Hooper, Dan, Karwal, Tanvi, and Li, Shirley Weishi. Using HAWC to discover invisible pulsars. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.103016.
Linden, Tim, Auchettl, Katie, Bramante, Joseph, Cholis, Ilias, Fang, Ke, Hooper, Dan, Karwal, Tanvi, & Li, Shirley Weishi. Using HAWC to discover invisible pulsars. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.103016
Linden, Tim, Auchettl, Katie, Bramante, Joseph, Cholis, Ilias, Fang, Ke, Hooper, Dan, Karwal, Tanvi, and Li, Shirley Weishi. Wed .
"Using HAWC to discover invisible pulsars". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.103016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354871.
@article{osti_1354871,
title = {Using HAWC to discover invisible pulsars},
author = {Linden, Tim and Auchettl, Katie and Bramante, Joseph and Cholis, Ilias and Fang, Ke and Hooper, Dan and Karwal, Tanvi and Li, Shirley Weishi},
abstractNote = {Observations by HAWC and Milagro have detected bright and spatially extended TeV gamma-ray sources surrounding the Geminga and Monogem pulsars. We argue that these observations, along with a substantial population of other extended TeV sources coincident with pulsar wind nebulae, constitute a new morphological class of spatially extended TeV halos. We show that HAWCs wide field-of-view unlocks an expansive parameter space of TeV halos not observable by atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Under the assumption that Geminga and Monogem are typical middle-aged pulsars, we show that ten-year HAWC observations should eventually observe 37$^{+17}_{-13}$ middle-aged TeV halos that correspond to pulsars whose radio emission is not beamed towards Earth. Depending on the extrapolation of the TeV halo efficiency to young pulsars, HAWC could detect more than 100 TeV halos from mis-aligned pulsars. These pulsars have historically been difficult to detect with existing multiwavelength observations. TeV halos will constitute a significant fraction of all HAWC sources, allowing follow-up observations to efficiently find pulsar wind nebulae and thermal pulsar emission. Furthermore, the observation and subsequent multi-wavelength follow-up of TeV halos will have significant implications for our understanding of pulsar beam geometries, the evolution of PWN, the diffusion of cosmic-rays near energetic pulsars, and the contribution of pulsars to the cosmic-ray positron excess.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.96.103016},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 10,
volume = 96,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Wed Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Discovery of a Spatially Extended GeV Source in the Vicinity of the TeV Halo Candidate 2HWC J1912+099: a TeV Halo or Supernova Remnant?
journal, January 2020
- Zhang, Hai-Ming; Xi, Shao-Qiang; Liu, Ruo-Yu
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Discovery of a spatially extended GeV source in the vicinity of the TeV halo candidate 2HWC J1912+099: a TeV halo or supernova remnant ?
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Discovery of a spatially extended GeV source in the vicinity of the TeV halo candidate 2HWC J1912+099: a TeV halo or supernova remnant ?
text, January 2019
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