The role of zonal flows in the saturation of multi-scale gyrokinetic turbulence
Abstract
The 2D spectrum of the saturated electric potential from gyrokinetic turbulence simulations that include both ion and electron scales (multi-scale) in axisymmetric tokamak geometry is analyzed. The paradigm that the turbulence is saturated when the zonal (axisymmetic) ExB flow shearing rate competes with linear growth is shown to not apply to the electron scale turbulence. Instead, it is the mixing rate by the zonal ExB velocity spectrum with the turbulent distribution function that competes with linear growth. A model of this mechanism is shown to be able to capture the suppression of electron-scale turbulence by ion-scale turbulence and the threshold for the increase in electron scale turbulence when the ion-scale turbulence is reduced. The model computes the strength of the zonal flow velocity and the saturated potential spectrum from the linear growth rate spectrum. The model for the saturated electric potential spectrum is applied to a quasilinear transport model and shown to accurately reproduce the electron and ion energy fluxes of the non-linear gyrokinetic multi-scale simulations. Finally, the zonal flow mixing saturation model is also shown to reproduce the non-linear upshift in the critical temperature gradient caused by zonal flows in ionscale gyrokinetic simulations.
- Authors:
-
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1354781
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC02-04ER54698
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 23; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Staebler, Gary M., Candy, John, Howard, Nathan T., and Holland, Christopher. The role of zonal flows in the saturation of multi-scale gyrokinetic turbulence. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.4954905.
Staebler, Gary M., Candy, John, Howard, Nathan T., & Holland, Christopher. The role of zonal flows in the saturation of multi-scale gyrokinetic turbulence. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954905
Staebler, Gary M., Candy, John, Howard, Nathan T., and Holland, Christopher. Wed .
"The role of zonal flows in the saturation of multi-scale gyrokinetic turbulence". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954905. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354781.
@article{osti_1354781,
title = {The role of zonal flows in the saturation of multi-scale gyrokinetic turbulence},
author = {Staebler, Gary M. and Candy, John and Howard, Nathan T. and Holland, Christopher},
abstractNote = {The 2D spectrum of the saturated electric potential from gyrokinetic turbulence simulations that include both ion and electron scales (multi-scale) in axisymmetric tokamak geometry is analyzed. The paradigm that the turbulence is saturated when the zonal (axisymmetic) ExB flow shearing rate competes with linear growth is shown to not apply to the electron scale turbulence. Instead, it is the mixing rate by the zonal ExB velocity spectrum with the turbulent distribution function that competes with linear growth. A model of this mechanism is shown to be able to capture the suppression of electron-scale turbulence by ion-scale turbulence and the threshold for the increase in electron scale turbulence when the ion-scale turbulence is reduced. The model computes the strength of the zonal flow velocity and the saturated potential spectrum from the linear growth rate spectrum. The model for the saturated electric potential spectrum is applied to a quasilinear transport model and shown to accurately reproduce the electron and ion energy fluxes of the non-linear gyrokinetic multi-scale simulations. Finally, the zonal flow mixing saturation model is also shown to reproduce the non-linear upshift in the critical temperature gradient caused by zonal flows in ionscale gyrokinetic simulations.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4954905},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 6,
volume = 23,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Jun 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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