Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices

Houchins, Gregory; Crook, Charles B.; Zhu, Jian-Xin; Balatsky, Alexander V.; Haraldsen, Jason T.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.95.155450

Title: Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices

Authors:: Houchins, Gregory; Crook, Charles B.; Zhu, Jian-Xin; Balatsky, Alexander V.; Haraldsen, Jason T.

Publication Date:: Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1353504

Grant/Contract Number:: E304; DEAC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review B Journal Volume: 95 Journal Issue: 15; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Houchins, Gregory, Crook, Charles B., Zhu, Jian-Xin, Balatsky, Alexander V., and Haraldsen, Jason T. Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.95.155450.

Copy to clipboard


                    Houchins, Gregory, Crook, Charles B., Zhu, Jian-Xin, Balatsky, Alexander V., & Haraldsen, Jason T. Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.155450

Copy to clipboard


                    Houchins, Gregory, Crook, Charles B., Zhu, Jian-Xin, Balatsky, Alexander V., and Haraldsen, Jason T. Fri .  
"Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.155450.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1353504,

  title        = {Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices},

  author       = {Houchins, Gregory and Crook, Charles B. and Zhu, Jian-Xin and Balatsky, Alexander V. and Haraldsen, Jason T.},

  abstractNote = {},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.95.155450},

  journal      = {Physical Review B},

  number       = 15,

  volume       = 95,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.155450

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 8 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

First-principles study of substitutional metal impurities in graphene: structural, electronic and magnetic properties
journal, May 2010

Santos, E. J. G.; Ayuela, A.; Sánchez-Portal, D.
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/12/5/053012

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
journal, April 2004

Žutić, Igor; Fabian, Jaroslav; Das Sarma, S.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 76, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.76.323

Dirac materials
journal, January 2014

Wehling, T. O.; Black-Schaffer, A. M.; Balatsky, A. V.
Advances in Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2014.927109

Intrinsic and extrinsic performance limits of graphene devices on SiO₂
journal, March 2008

Chen, Jian-Hao; Jang, Chaun; Xiao, Shudong
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 4, p. 206-209
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.58

Magnetic Correlations at Graphene Edges: Basis for Novel Spintronics Devices
journal, January 2008

Yazyev, Oleg V.; Katsnelson, M. I.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.047209

A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model
journal, July 1956

Kasuya, Tadao
Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1143/PTP.16.45

Proximity-induced magnetism in transition-metal substituted graphene
journal, August 2015

Crook, Charles B.; Constantin, Costel; Ahmed, Towfiq
Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep12322

Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future
journal, November 2001

Wolf, S. A.; Awschalom, D. D.; Buhrman, R. A.
Science, Vol. 294, Issue 5546, p. 1488-1495
DOI: 10.1126/science.1065389

Giant Intrinsic Carrier Mobilities in Graphene and Its Bilayer
journal, January 2008

Morozov, S. V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Katsnelson, M. I.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 1, Article No. 016602
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.016602

Voltage-driven spintronic logic gates in graphene nanoribbons
journal, September 2014

Zhang, WenXing
Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep06320

Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene
journal, March 2008

Balandin, Alexander A.; Ghosh, Suchismita; Bao, Wenzhong
Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 3, p. 902-907
DOI: 10.1021/nl0731872

The SIESTA method for ab initio order- N materials simulation
journal, March 2002

Soler, José M.; Artacho, Emilio; Gale, Julian D.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 14, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/11/302

Spintronics
journal, August 2010

Bader, S. D.; Parkin, S. S. P.
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104123

Magnetic impurities in graphene
journal, August 2011

Hu, F. M.; Ma, Tianxing; Lin, Hai-Qing
Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075414

Spin rotation technique for non-collinear magnetic systems: application to the generalized Villain model
journal, April 2009

Haraldsen, J. T.; Fishman, R. S.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/21/216001

Semiconductor to Metal to Half-Metal Transition in Pt-Embedded Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons
journal, July 2014

Hu, Xiaohui; Wan, Neng; Sun, Litao
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 29
DOI: 10.1021/jp502365m

Unusual magnetic properties of graphene and related materials
journal, January 2012

Rao, C. N. R.; Matte, H. S. S. Ramakrishna; Subrahmanyam, K. S.
Chem. Sci., Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00726B

Proximity-Induced Ferromagnetism in Graphene Revealed by the Anomalous Hall Effect
journal, January 2015

Wang, Zhiyong; Tang, Chi; Sachs, Raymond
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.016603

Exchange interaction of magnetic impurities in graphene
journal, December 2006

Dugaev, V. K.; Litvinov, V. I.; Barnas, J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224438

Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
journal, June 2010

Zhu, Yanwu; Murali, Shanthi; Cai, Weiwei
Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 35, p. 3906-3924
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001068

Spintronics and pseudospintronics in graphene and topological insulators
journal, April 2012

Pesin, Dmytro; MacDonald, Allan H.
Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3305

Realizing All-Spin-Based Logic Operations Atom by Atom
journal, May 2011

Khajetoorians, A. A.; Wiebe, J.; Chilian, B.
Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6033
DOI: 10.1126/science.1201725

Molecular spintronics using single-molecule magnets
journal, March 2008

Bogani, Lapo; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang
Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1038/nmat2133

Atomic Scale Investigation of a Graphene Nano-ribbon Based High Efficiency Spin Valve
journal, October 2013

Sun, Qing-Qing; Wang, Lu-Hao; Yang, Wen
Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep02921

Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications
journal, November 2012

Pop, Eric; Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.
MRS Bulletin, Vol. 37, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2012.203

Nitrogen-doped graphene: beyond single substitution and enhanced molecular sensing
journal, August 2012

Lv, Ruitao; Li, Qing; Botello-Méndez, Andrés R.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep00586

Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons
journal, October 1954

Ruderman, M. A.; Kittel, C.
Physical Review, Vol. 96, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.96.99

Towards molecular spintronics
journal, March 2005

Rocha, Alexandre R.; García-suárez, Víctor M.; Bailey, Steve W.
Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1349

The rise of graphene
journal, March 2007

Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S.
Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3, p. 183-191
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1849

Neutron scattering and magnetic observables for $S = 1 ∕ 2$ spin clusters and molecular magnets
journal, February 2005

Haraldsen, J. T.; Barnes, T.; Musfeldt, J. L.
Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.064403

The electronic properties of graphene
journal, January 2009

Castro Neto, A. H.; Guinea, F.; Peres, N. M. R.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 1, p. 109-162
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109

Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
journal, June 2008

Bolotin, K. I.; Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z.
Solid State Communications, Vol. 146, Issue 9-10, p. 351-355
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024

Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys
journal, June 1957

Yosida, Kei
Physical Review, Vol. 106, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.106.893

Bias dependence of magnetic exchange interactions: Application to interlayer exchange coupling in spin valves
journal, February 2009

Haney, Paul M.; Heiliger, Christian; Stiles, Mark D.
Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.054405

Density-functional method for nonequilibrium electron transport
journal, March 2002

Brandbyge, Mads; Mozos, José-Luis; Ordejón, Pablo
Physical Review B, Vol. 65, Issue 16, Article No. 165401
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.165401

Embedding Transition-Metal Atoms in Graphene: Structure, Bonding, and Magnetism
journal, March 2009

Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Lehtinen, P. O.; Foster, A. S.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.126807

Combinatorial Investigation of Spintronic Materials
journal, October 2003

Matsumoto, Y.; Koinuma, H.; Hasegawa, T.
MRS Bulletin, Vol. 28, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1557/mrs2003.215

RKKY interaction in graphene from the lattice Green’s function
journal, April 2011

Sherafati, M.; Satpathy, S.
Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.165425

Electron spins in quantum dots for spintronics and quantum computation
journal, July 2001

Engel, Hans-Andreas; Recher, Patrik; Loss, Daniel
Solid State Communications, Vol. 119, Issue 4-5
DOI: 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00110-7

Graphene: A Nearly Perfect Fluid
journal, July 2009

Müller, Markus; Schmalian, Jörg; Fritz, Lars
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.025301

Doping Monolayer Graphene with Single Atom Substitutions
journal, December 2011

Wang, Hongtao; Wang, Qingxiao; Cheng, Yingchun
Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/nl2031629

Exploring the Single Atom Spin State by Electron Spectroscopy
journal, November 2015

Lin, Yung-Chang; Teng, Po-Yuan; Chiu, Po-Wen
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.206803

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
journal, November 2005

Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.
Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 197-200
DOI: 10.1038/nature04233

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

First-Principles Investigation of Nanopore Sequencing Using Variable Voltage Bias on Graphene-Based Nanoribbons

Journal Article McFarland, Hannah L. ; Ahmed, Towfiq ; Zhu, Jian-Xin ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Cited by 18
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01014
Monte Carlo simulation to study the effect of molecular spin state on the spatio-temporal evolution of equilibrium magnetic properties of magnetic tunnel junction based molecular spintronics devices

Journal Article Grizzle, Andrew ; D’Angelo, Christopher ; Tyagi, Pawan - AIP Advances

With a variable spin state, paramagnetic molecules can affect the impact of magnetic exchange coupling strength between two ferromagnetic electrodes. Our magnetic tunnel junction based molecular spintronics devices (MTJMSD) were successful in connecting paramagnetic single molecular magnet (SMM) between two ferromagnetic electrodes. Isolated SMM exhibited a wide range of spin states. However, it was extremely challenging to identify the SMM spin state when connected to the ferromagnetic electrodes. Our prior experimental and Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) studies showed that paramagnetic molecules produced unprecedented strong antiferromagnetic coupling between two ferromagnets at room temperature. The overall antiferromagnetic coupling occurred when a paramagneticmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/9.0000228

Full Text Available
How to realize a spin-dependent Seebeck diode effect in metallic zigzag γ-graphyne nanoribbons?

Journal Article Wu, Dan-Dan ; Liu, Qing-Bo ; Fu, Hua-Hua ; ... - Nanoscale

The spin-dependent Seebeck effect (SDSE) is one of the core topics of spin caloritronics.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR06448A
How to realize the spin-Seebeck effect with a high spin figure of merit in magnetic boron–nitrogen nanoribbon and nanotube structures?

Journal Article Wu, Dan-Dan ; Fu, Hua-Hua ; Liu, Qing-Bo ; ... - Journal of Materials Chemistry C

The spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) has been regarded as one of the core topics in spin caloritronics. To realize the SSE together with high spin thermoelectric conversion efficiency (TCE), two nanoscale structures referred to as nanoribbons and nanotubes have long been regarded as potential candidates. To illustrate their advantages to the above end, we construct magnetic boron–nitrogen nanoribbons (BNNRs) and nanotubes (BNNTs) by substituting some B atoms with carbon, and the BNNTs can be rolled from the BNNRs. To unify the magnetism origins, the edge magnetisms in BNNRs are cancelled by hydrogen passivation. Our theoretical results show that although these twomore »« less
Cited by 28
https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc03560a

Full Text Available
The importance of Fe surface states for spintronic devices based on magnetic tunnel junctions

Journal Article Chantis, Athanasios N - Modern Physics Letters B

In this article we give a review of our recent theoretical studies of the influence of Fe(001) surface (interface) states on spin-polarized electron transport across magnetic tunnel junctions with Fe electrodes. We show that minority-spin surface (interface) states are responsible for at least two effects which are important for spin electronics. First, they can produce a sizable tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with a single Fe electrode. The effect is driven by a Rashba shift of the resonant surface band when the magnetization changes direction. This can introduce a new class of spintronic devices, namely, tunneling magnetoresistance junctionsmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984908017060

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Voltage-dependent spin flip in magnetically substituted graphene nanoribbons: Towards the realization of graphene-based spintronic devices

Citation Formats

First-principles study of substitutional metal impurities in graphene: structural, electronic and magnetic properties journal, May 2010

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple journal, October 1996

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications journal, April 2004

Dirac materials journal, January 2014

Intrinsic and extrinsic performance limits of graphene devices on SiO2 journal, March 2008

Magnetic Correlations at Graphene Edges: Basis for Novel Spintronics Devices journal, January 2008

A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model journal, July 1956

Proximity-induced magnetism in transition-metal substituted graphene journal, August 2015

Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future journal, November 2001

Giant Intrinsic Carrier Mobilities in Graphene and Its Bilayer journal, January 2008

Voltage-driven spintronic logic gates in graphene nanoribbons journal, September 2014

Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene journal, March 2008

The SIESTA method for ab initio order- N materials simulation journal, March 2002

Spintronics journal, August 2010

Magnetic impurities in graphene journal, August 2011

Spin rotation technique for non-collinear magnetic systems: application to the generalized Villain model journal, April 2009

Semiconductor to Metal to Half-Metal Transition in Pt-Embedded Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons journal, July 2014

Unusual magnetic properties of graphene and related materials journal, January 2012

Proximity-Induced Ferromagnetism in Graphene Revealed by the Anomalous Hall Effect journal, January 2015

Exchange interaction of magnetic impurities in graphene journal, December 2006

Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications journal, June 2010

Spintronics and pseudospintronics in graphene and topological insulators journal, April 2012

Realizing All-Spin-Based Logic Operations Atom by Atom journal, May 2011

Molecular spintronics using single-molecule magnets journal, March 2008

Atomic Scale Investigation of a Graphene Nano-ribbon Based High Efficiency Spin Valve journal, October 2013

Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications journal, November 2012

Nitrogen-doped graphene: beyond single substitution and enhanced molecular sensing journal, August 2012

Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons journal, October 1954

Towards molecular spintronics journal, March 2005

The rise of graphene journal, March 2007

Neutron scattering and magnetic observables for S = 1 ∕ 2 spin clusters and molecular magnets journal, February 2005

The electronic properties of graphene journal, January 2009

Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene journal, June 2008

Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys journal, June 1957

Bias dependence of magnetic exchange interactions: Application to interlayer exchange coupling in spin valves journal, February 2009

Density-functional method for nonequilibrium electron transport journal, March 2002

Embedding Transition-Metal Atoms in Graphene: Structure, Bonding, and Magnetism journal, March 2009

Combinatorial Investigation of Spintronic Materials journal, October 2003

RKKY interaction in graphene from the lattice Green’s function journal, April 2011

Electron spins in quantum dots for spintronics and quantum computation journal, July 2001

Graphene: A Nearly Perfect Fluid journal, July 2009

Doping Monolayer Graphene with Single Atom Substitutions journal, December 2011

Exploring the Single Atom Spin State by Electron Spectroscopy journal, November 2015

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene journal, November 2005

First-principles study of substitutional metal impurities in graphene: structural, electronic and magnetic properties
journal, May 2010

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
journal, April 2004

Dirac materials
journal, January 2014

Intrinsic and extrinsic performance limits of graphene devices on SiO₂
journal, March 2008

Magnetic Correlations at Graphene Edges: Basis for Novel Spintronics Devices
journal, January 2008

A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model
journal, July 1956

Proximity-induced magnetism in transition-metal substituted graphene
journal, August 2015

Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future
journal, November 2001

Giant Intrinsic Carrier Mobilities in Graphene and Its Bilayer
journal, January 2008

Voltage-driven spintronic logic gates in graphene nanoribbons
journal, September 2014

Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene
journal, March 2008

The SIESTA method for ab initio order- N materials simulation
journal, March 2002

Spintronics
journal, August 2010

Magnetic impurities in graphene
journal, August 2011

Spin rotation technique for non-collinear magnetic systems: application to the generalized Villain model
journal, April 2009

Semiconductor to Metal to Half-Metal Transition in Pt-Embedded Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons
journal, July 2014

Unusual magnetic properties of graphene and related materials
journal, January 2012

Proximity-Induced Ferromagnetism in Graphene Revealed by the Anomalous Hall Effect
journal, January 2015

Exchange interaction of magnetic impurities in graphene
journal, December 2006

Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
journal, June 2010

Spintronics and pseudospintronics in graphene and topological insulators
journal, April 2012

Realizing All-Spin-Based Logic Operations Atom by Atom
journal, May 2011

Molecular spintronics using single-molecule magnets
journal, March 2008

Atomic Scale Investigation of a Graphene Nano-ribbon Based High Efficiency Spin Valve
journal, October 2013

Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications
journal, November 2012

Nitrogen-doped graphene: beyond single substitution and enhanced molecular sensing
journal, August 2012

Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons
journal, October 1954

Towards molecular spintronics
journal, March 2005

The rise of graphene
journal, March 2007

Neutron scattering and magnetic observables for $S = 1 ∕ 2$ spin clusters and molecular magnets
journal, February 2005

The electronic properties of graphene
journal, January 2009

Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
journal, June 2008

Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys
journal, June 1957

Bias dependence of magnetic exchange interactions: Application to interlayer exchange coupling in spin valves
journal, February 2009

Density-functional method for nonequilibrium electron transport
journal, March 2002

Embedding Transition-Metal Atoms in Graphene: Structure, Bonding, and Magnetism
journal, March 2009

Combinatorial Investigation of Spintronic Materials
journal, October 2003

RKKY interaction in graphene from the lattice Green’s function
journal, April 2011

Electron spins in quantum dots for spintronics and quantum computation
journal, July 2001

Graphene: A Nearly Perfect Fluid
journal, July 2009

Doping Monolayer Graphene with Single Atom Substitutions
journal, December 2011

Exploring the Single Atom Spin State by Electron Spectroscopy
journal, November 2015

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
journal, November 2005