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Title: VDES J2325-5229 a z = 2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology-independent supervised machine learning

Abstract

We present the discovery and preliminary characterization of a gravitationally lensed quasar with a source redshift zs = 2.74 and image separation of 2.9 arcsec lensed by a foreground zl = 0.40 elliptical galaxy. Since optical observations of gravitationally lensed quasars show the lens system as a superposition of multiple point sources and a foreground lensing galaxy, we have developed a morphology-independent multi-wavelength approach to the photometric selection of lensed quasar candidates based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) supervised machine learning. Using this technique and gi multicolour photometric observations from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), near-IR JK photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) and WISE mid-IR photometry, we have identified a candidate system with two catalogue components with iAB = 18.61 and iAB = 20.44 comprising an elliptical galaxy and two blue point sources. Spectroscopic follow-up with NTT and the use of an archival AAT spectrum show that the point sources can be identified as a lensed quasar with an emission line redshift of z = 2.739 ± 0.003 and a foreground early-type galaxy with z = 0.400 ± 0.002. We model the system as a single isothermal ellipsoid and find the Einstein radius θE ~ 1.47 arcsec, enclosedmore » mass Menc ~ 4 × 1011 M⊙ and a time delay of ~52 d. The relatively wide separation, month scale time delay duration and high redshift make this an ideal system for constraining the expansion rate beyond a redshift of 1.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [2];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [7];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [11] more »;  [15];  [7];  [15];  [16];  [7];  [7];  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [12];  [7];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [7];  [25];  [7];  [11];  [26];  [27];  [28];  [29];  [11];  [30];  [31];  [32];  [33];  [34];  [7];  [33];  [7];  [35];  [36];  [19];  [37];  [7];  [23] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Inst. of Astronomy. Kavli Inst. for Cosmology; CAPES Foundation, Brasilia (Brazil)
  2. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Inst. of Astronomy. Kavli Inst. for Cosmology
  3. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Inst. of Astronomy; Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  4. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Inst. of Astronomy
  5. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Inst. of Astronomy. Centre for Mathematical Sciences. Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP)
  6. Univ. of Wollongong, NSW (Australia). School of Physics; Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, NSW (Australia)
  7. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  8. National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. of Astrophysics; Univ. College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France). Inst. of Astrophysics
  9. National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. of Astrophysics; Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France). Inst. of Astrophysics
  10. Univ. College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  11. Inter-Institutional Astronomy Lab (LIneA), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); National Observatory, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  12. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), Urbana, IL (United States)
  13. IEEC-CSIC, Barcelona (Spain). Inst. of Space Sciences; The Barcelona Inst. of Science and Technology, Barcelona (Spain). Inst. of High Energy Physics
  14. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
  15. Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching (Germany); Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany). Faculty of Physics
  16. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Astronomy. Dept. of Physics
  17. IEEC-CSIC, Barcelona (Spain). Inst. of Space Sciences
  18. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics
  19. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics
  20. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  21. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  22. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics. Dept. of Physics
  23. National Optical Astronomy Observatory, La Serena (Chile). Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
  24. Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, NSW (Australia)
  25. Inter-Institutional Astronomy Lab (LIneA), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Inst. of Physics. Dept. of Mathematical Physics
  26. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst. for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  27. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics. Dept. of Astronomy
  28. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical Sciences
  29. The Barcelona Inst. of Science and Technology, Barcelona (Spain). Inst. of High Energy Physics; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona (Spain)
  30. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
  31. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  32. Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  33. Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)
  34. Inter-Institutional Astronomy Lab (LIneA), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Federal Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (Brazil). Inst. of Physics
  35. Inter-Institutional Astronomy Lab (LIneA), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Sao Paulo State Univ. (Brazil). Inst. of Theoretical Physics. ICTP South American Inst. for Fundamental Research
  36. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Computer Science and Mathematics Division
  37. Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom). Inst. of Cosmology and Gravitation
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
DES
OSTI Identifier:
1340464
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1353198; OSTI ID: 1353386
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1607.01391; FERMILAB-PUB-16-220
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; KJ0402000; KJ0503000; ERKJ311; ERKJEPM; TRN: US1701242
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AST-1138766; AYA2012-39559; ESP2013-48274; FPA2013-47986; SEV-2012-0234; 240672; 291329; 306478; A/2013A/018; A/2013B/001; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 465; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; strong gravitational lensing; quasars; observational methods; statistical methods

Citation Formats

Ostrovski, Fernanda, McMahon, Richard G., Connolly, Andrew J., Lemon, Cameron A., Auger, Matthew W., Banerji, Manda, Hung, Johnathan M., Koposov, Sergey E., Lidman, Christopher E., Reed, Sophie L., Allam, Sahar, Benoit-Lévy, Aurélien, Bertin, Emmanuel, Brooks, David, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Carnero Rosell, Aurelio, Carrasco Kind, Matias, Carretero, Jorge, Cunha, Carlos E., da Costa, Luiz N., Desai, Shantanu, Diehl, H. Thomas, Dietrich, Jörg P., Evrard, August E., Finley, David A., Flaugher, Brenna, Fosalba, Pablo, Frieman, Josh, Gerdes, David W., Goldstein, Daniel A., Gruen, Daniel, Gruendl, Robert A., Gutierrez, Gaston, Honscheid, Klaus, James, David J., Kuehn, Kyler, Kuropatkin, Nikolay, Lima, Marcos, Lin, Huan, Maia, Marcio A. G., Marshall, Jennifer L., Martini, Paul, Melchior, Peter, Miquel, Ramon, Ogando, Ricardo, Plazas Malagón, Andrés, Reil, Kevin, Romer, Kathy, Sanchez, Eusebio, Santiago, Basilio, Scarpine, Vic, Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Sobreira, Flavia, Suchyta, Eric, Tarle, Gregory, Thomas, Daniel, Tucker, Douglas L., and Walker, Alistair R. VDES J2325-5229 a z = 2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology-independent supervised machine learning. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2958.
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Ostrovski, Fernanda, McMahon, Richard G., Connolly, Andrew J., Lemon, Cameron A., Auger, Matthew W., Banerji, Manda, Hung, Johnathan M., Koposov, Sergey E., Lidman, Christopher E., Reed, Sophie L., Allam, Sahar, Benoit-Lévy, Aurélien, Bertin, Emmanuel, Brooks, David, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Carnero Rosell, Aurelio, Carrasco Kind, Matias, Carretero, Jorge, Cunha, Carlos E., da Costa, Luiz N., Desai, Shantanu, Diehl, H. Thomas, Dietrich, Jörg P., Evrard, August E., Finley, David A., Flaugher, Brenna, Fosalba, Pablo, Frieman, Josh, Gerdes, David W., Goldstein, Daniel A., Gruen, Daniel, Gruendl, Robert A., Gutierrez, Gaston, Honscheid, Klaus, James, David J., Kuehn, Kyler, Kuropatkin, Nikolay, Lima, Marcos, Lin, Huan, Maia, Marcio A. G., Marshall, Jennifer L., Martini, Paul, Melchior, Peter, Miquel, Ramon, Ogando, Ricardo, Plazas Malagón, Andrés, Reil, Kevin, Romer, Kathy, Sanchez, Eusebio, Santiago, Basilio, Scarpine, Vic, Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Sobreira, Flavia, Suchyta, Eric, Tarle, Gregory, Thomas, Daniel, Tucker, Douglas L., & Walker, Alistair R. VDES J2325-5229 a z = 2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology-independent supervised machine learning. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2958
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Ostrovski, Fernanda, McMahon, Richard G., Connolly, Andrew J., Lemon, Cameron A., Auger, Matthew W., Banerji, Manda, Hung, Johnathan M., Koposov, Sergey E., Lidman, Christopher E., Reed, Sophie L., Allam, Sahar, Benoit-Lévy, Aurélien, Bertin, Emmanuel, Brooks, David, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Carnero Rosell, Aurelio, Carrasco Kind, Matias, Carretero, Jorge, Cunha, Carlos E., da Costa, Luiz N., Desai, Shantanu, Diehl, H. Thomas, Dietrich, Jörg P., Evrard, August E., Finley, David A., Flaugher, Brenna, Fosalba, Pablo, Frieman, Josh, Gerdes, David W., Goldstein, Daniel A., Gruen, Daniel, Gruendl, Robert A., Gutierrez, Gaston, Honscheid, Klaus, James, David J., Kuehn, Kyler, Kuropatkin, Nikolay, Lima, Marcos, Lin, Huan, Maia, Marcio A. G., Marshall, Jennifer L., Martini, Paul, Melchior, Peter, Miquel, Ramon, Ogando, Ricardo, Plazas Malagón, Andrés, Reil, Kevin, Romer, Kathy, Sanchez, Eusebio, Santiago, Basilio, Scarpine, Vic, Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Sobreira, Flavia, Suchyta, Eric, Tarle, Gregory, Thomas, Daniel, Tucker, Douglas L., and Walker, Alistair R. Thu . "VDES J2325-5229 a z = 2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology-independent supervised machine learning". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2958. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1340464.
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@article{osti_1340464,
title = {VDES J2325-5229 a z = 2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology-independent supervised machine learning},
author = {Ostrovski, Fernanda and McMahon, Richard G. and Connolly, Andrew J. and Lemon, Cameron A. and Auger, Matthew W. and Banerji, Manda and Hung, Johnathan M. and Koposov, Sergey E. and Lidman, Christopher E. and Reed, Sophie L. and Allam, Sahar and Benoit-Lévy, Aurélien and Bertin, Emmanuel and Brooks, David and Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth and Carnero Rosell, Aurelio and Carrasco Kind, Matias and Carretero, Jorge and Cunha, Carlos E. and da Costa, Luiz N. and Desai, Shantanu and Diehl, H. Thomas and Dietrich, Jörg P. and Evrard, August E. and Finley, David A. and Flaugher, Brenna and Fosalba, Pablo and Frieman, Josh and Gerdes, David W. and Goldstein, Daniel A. and Gruen, Daniel and Gruendl, Robert A. and Gutierrez, Gaston and Honscheid, Klaus and James, David J. and Kuehn, Kyler and Kuropatkin, Nikolay and Lima, Marcos and Lin, Huan and Maia, Marcio A. G. and Marshall, Jennifer L. and Martini, Paul and Melchior, Peter and Miquel, Ramon and Ogando, Ricardo and Plazas Malagón, Andrés and Reil, Kevin and Romer, Kathy and Sanchez, Eusebio and Santiago, Basilio and Scarpine, Vic and Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio and Soares-Santos, Marcelle and Sobreira, Flavia and Suchyta, Eric and Tarle, Gregory and Thomas, Daniel and Tucker, Douglas L. and Walker, Alistair R.},
abstractNote = {We present the discovery and preliminary characterization of a gravitationally lensed quasar with a source redshift zs = 2.74 and image separation of 2.9 arcsec lensed by a foreground zl = 0.40 elliptical galaxy. Since optical observations of gravitationally lensed quasars show the lens system as a superposition of multiple point sources and a foreground lensing galaxy, we have developed a morphology-independent multi-wavelength approach to the photometric selection of lensed quasar candidates based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) supervised machine learning. Using this technique and gi multicolour photometric observations from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), near-IR JK photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) and WISE mid-IR photometry, we have identified a candidate system with two catalogue components with iAB = 18.61 and iAB = 20.44 comprising an elliptical galaxy and two blue point sources. Spectroscopic follow-up with NTT and the use of an archival AAT spectrum show that the point sources can be identified as a lensed quasar with an emission line redshift of z = 2.739 ± 0.003 and a foreground early-type galaxy with z = 0.400 ± 0.002. We model the system as a single isothermal ellipsoid and find the Einstein radius θE ~ 1.47 arcsec, enclosed mass Menc ~ 4 × 1011 M⊙ and a time delay of ~52 d. The relatively wide separation, month scale time delay duration and high redshift make this an ideal system for constraining the expansion rate beyond a redshift of 1.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stw2958},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 465,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Thu Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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The Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey:II. Gravitational lens candidate selection and follow-up
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Tests for Substructure in Gravitational Lenses
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A Simple Method To Find All Lensed Quasars
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