Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator

Benipal, Neeva; Qi, Ji; Gentile, Jacob C.; Li, Wenzhen

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.028

Title: Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator

Abstract

Here, anion-exchange membrane-based direct glycerol fuel cells (AEM-DGFCs) can yield high power density, however challenges exist in developing chemically stable AEMs. Here, we demonstrate a porous PTFE thin film, a well-known chemical, electro-chemical, and thermal robust material that can serve as a separator between anode and cathode, thus achieving high DGFC’s performance. A simple aqueous-phase reduction method was used to prepare carbon nanotube supported PdAg nanoparticles (PdAg/CNT) with an average particle size of 2.9 nm. A DGFC using a PTFE thin film without any further modification with PdAg/CNT anode catalyst exhibits a peak power density of 214.7 mW cm^–2 at 80 °C, about 22.6% lower than a DGFC using a state-of-the-art AEM. We report a 5.8% decrease and 11.1% decrease in cell voltage for a PTFE thin film and AEM; similarly, the cell voltage degradation rate decreases from 1.2 to 0.8 mV h^–1 for PTFE thin film, while for AEM, it decreases from 9.6 to 3.0 mV h^–1 over an 80 h durability test period. Transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the average particle size of PdAg/CNT increases from 2.9 to 3.7 nm after 80 h discharge; this suggests that PdAg particle growth may be the main reason for themore » performance drop.« less

Authors:

Benipal, Neeva ^[1]; Qi, Ji ^[1]; Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian ^[2]; Gentile, Jacob C. ^[1]; Li, Wenzhen ^[3]

Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
(China)
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1349647

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1416635

Report Number(s):: IS-J-9253
Journal ID: ISSN 0960-1481; PII: S096014811631076X

Grant/Contract Number:: CBET-1512126; AC02-07CH11358

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Renewable Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0960-1481

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; direct glycerol fuel cell; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); thin films; porous separator; anion exchange membrane; biomass renewables

Citation Formats


                    Benipal, Neeva, Qi, Ji, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Gentile, Jacob C., and Li, Wenzhen. Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.028.

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                    Benipal, Neeva, Qi, Ji, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Gentile, Jacob C., & Li, Wenzhen. Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.028

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                    Benipal, Neeva, Qi, Ji, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Gentile, Jacob C., and Li, Wenzhen. Wed .  
"Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.028.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1349647.

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@article{osti_1349647,

  title        = {Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator},

  author       = {Benipal, Neeva and Qi, Ji and Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian and Gentile, Jacob C. and Li, Wenzhen},

  abstractNote = {Here, anion-exchange membrane-based direct glycerol fuel cells (AEM-DGFCs) can yield high power density, however challenges exist in developing chemically stable AEMs. Here, we demonstrate a porous PTFE thin film, a well-known chemical, electro-chemical, and thermal robust material that can serve as a separator between anode and cathode, thus achieving high DGFC’s performance. A simple aqueous-phase reduction method was used to prepare carbon nanotube supported PdAg nanoparticles (PdAg/CNT) with an average particle size of 2.9 nm. A DGFC using a PTFE thin film without any further modification with PdAg/CNT anode catalyst exhibits a peak power density of 214.7 mW cm–2 at 80 °C, about 22.6% lower than a DGFC using a state-of-the-art AEM. We report a 5.8% decrease and 11.1% decrease in cell voltage for a PTFE thin film and AEM; similarly, the cell voltage degradation rate decreases from 1.2 to 0.8 mV h–1 for PTFE thin film, while for AEM, it decreases from 9.6 to 3.0 mV h–1 over an 80 h durability test period. Transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the average particle size of PdAg/CNT increases from 2.9 to 3.7 nm after 80 h discharge; this suggests that PdAg particle growth may be the main reason for the performance drop.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.028},

  journal      = {Renewable Energy},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 105,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Wed Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Title: Direct glycerol fuel cell with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film separator

Abstract

Citation Formats

Carbon-Nanotubes-Supported Pd Nanoparticles for Alcohol Oxidations in Fuel Cells: Effect of Number of Nanotube Walls on Activity journal, April 2015

Ethanol electro-oxidation on nanoworm-shaped Pd particles supported by nanographitic layers fabricated by electrophoretic deposition journal, January 2015

Alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells using an anion exchange membrane journal, October 2005

Performance of alkaline electrolyte-membrane-based direct ethanol fuel cells journal, February 2009

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Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol on Pt/C in anion-exchange membrane fuel cell: Cogeneration of electricity and valuable chemicals journal, May 2012

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Anion exchange membranes based on carbazole-containing polyolefin for direct methanol fuel cells journal, January 2016

Investigation of NaOH concentration effect in injected fuel on the performance of passive direct methanol alkaline fuel cell with modified cation exchange membrane journal, January 2016

Product analysis of the ethanol oxidation reaction on palladium-based catalysts in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell environment journal, January 2012

Pd–Ni electrocatalysts for efficient ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolyte journal, October 2011

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Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and small alcohol oxidation in alkaline media journal, January 2007

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Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells journal, October 2015

Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A comprehensive review journal, May 2015

Supported Pt, Pd and Au nanoparticle anode catalysts for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells with glycerol and crude glycerol fuels journal, June 2013

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) on supported Pt and Au catalysts in alkaline media: Reaction pathway investigation in three-electrode cell and fuel cell reactors journal, August 2012

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of C 3 -Aliphatic Alcohols on Electrodeposited Pd-PEDOT Nanodendrites in Alkaline Medium journal, January 2013

Reduction free room temperature synthesis of a durable and efficient Pd/ordered mesoporous carbon composite electrocatalyst for alkaline direct alcohols fuel cell journal, January 2014

Design of Pd/PANI/Pd Sandwich-Structured Nanotube Array Catalysts with Special Shape Effects and Synergistic Effects for Ethanol Electrooxidation journal, July 2013

Formation and microstructure of nanoporous silver by dealloying rapidly solidified Zn–Ag alloys journal, February 2012

PdAg/CNT catalyzed alcohol oxidation reaction for high-performance anion exchange membrane direct alcohol fuel cell (alcohol = methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol) journal, December 2016

Effect of cathode micro-porous layer on performance of anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells journal, February 2011

Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy systems journal, January 2014

A novel membrane-less direct alcohol fuel cell journal, December 2015

Degradation of Imidazolium- and Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Poly(fluorenyl ether ketone sulfone) Anion Exchange Membranes journal, November 2012

Durability study of KOH doped polybenzimidazole membrane for air-breathing alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell journal, March 2011

Ionic polymers VI. Chemical stability of strong base anion exchangers in aggressive media journal, January 2000

Membrane-Free Battery for Harvesting Low-Grade Thermal Energy journal, October 2014

Membraneless laminar flow-based micro fuel cells operating in alkaline, acidic, and acidic/alkaline media journal, September 2005

A Dual Electrolyte H 2 /O 2 Planar Membraneless Microchannel Fuel Cell System with Open Circuit Potentials in Excess of 1.4 V journal, March 2005

Membraneless, Room-Temperature, Direct Borohydride/Cerium Fuel Cell with Power Density of Over 0.25 W/cm 2 journal, March 2012

A direct borohydride fuel cell with a polymer fiber membrane and non-noble metal catalysts journal, August 2012

A high-performance integrated electrode for anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells journal, July 2011

Study of operating conditions and cell design on the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane based direct methanol fuel cells journal, October 2011

A direct methanol fuel cell without the use of a polymer electrolyte membrane or precious metal cathode catalyst journal, July 2013

Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications journal, October 2005

Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for fuel cell applications journal, February 2003

Nafion/PTFE Composite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications journal, September 2004

Electrocatalytic selective oxidation of glycerol to tartronate on Au/C anode catalysts in anion exchange membrane fuel cells with electricity cogeneration journal, July 2014

Carbon nanotubes as catalysts for direct carbohydrazide fuel cells journal, August 2015

Simultaneous Generation of Mesoxalic Acid and Electricity from Glycerol on a Gold Anode Catalyst in Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells journal, May 2012

Porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) electret films: porosity and time dependent charging behavior of the free surface journal, December 2006

High surface-charge stability of porous polytetrafluoroethylene electret films at room and elevated temperatures journal, August 1999

Two Pathways for the Formation of Ethylene in CO Reduction on Single-Crystal Copper Electrodes journal, June 2012

A membraneless microscale fuel cell using non-noble catalysts in alkaline solution journal, October 2007

Preparation and characterization of PTFE based composite anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells journal, December 2012

Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs journal, March 2005

Investigation on the durability of direct methanol fuel cells journal, July 2009

Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing journal, July 2008

A review of PEM fuel cell durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies journal, September 2008

Quaternary Phosphonium-Based Polymers as Hydroxide Exchange Membranes journal, April 2010

Glycerol Electro-Oxidation in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells journal, November 2019

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephtlatate)-block-poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymers journal, January 2017

Niobium Enhances Electrocatalytic Pd Activity in Alkaline Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells journal, September 2019

Promotion of Glycerol Oxidation by Selective Ru Decoration of (100) Domains at Nanostructured Pt Electrodes journal, February 2019

Polymer Electrocatalysis book, January 2020

Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells: Comparison with Direct Methanol and Ethanol Fuel Cells journal, March 2019

The influence of hydroxy groups on the adsorption of three-carbon alcohols on Ni(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces: a density functional theory study within the D3 dispersion correction journal, January 2019

Selective Electrooxidation of Glycerol Into Value-Added Chemicals: A Short Overview journal, February 2019

Carbon-Nanotubes-Supported Pd Nanoparticles for Alcohol Oxidations in Fuel Cells: Effect of Number of Nanotube Walls on Activity
journal, April 2015

Ethanol electro-oxidation on nanoworm-shaped Pd particles supported by nanographitic layers fabricated by electrophoretic deposition
journal, January 2015

Alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells using an anion exchange membrane
journal, October 2005

Performance of alkaline electrolyte-membrane-based direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, February 2009

Surface dealloyed PtCo nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotube: facile synthesis and promising application for anion exchange membrane direct crude glycerol fuel cell
journal, January 2013

Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol on Pt/C in anion-exchange membrane fuel cell: Cogeneration of electricity and valuable chemicals
journal, May 2012

A review on fuel cell technologies and power electronic interface
journal, December 2009

Anion exchange membranes based on carbazole-containing polyolefin for direct methanol fuel cells
journal, January 2016

Investigation of NaOH concentration effect in injected fuel on the performance of passive direct methanol alkaline fuel cell with modified cation exchange membrane
journal, January 2016

Product analysis of the ethanol oxidation reaction on palladium-based catalysts in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell environment
journal, January 2012

Pd–Ni electrocatalysts for efficient ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolyte
journal, October 2011

Recent advances in direct methanol fuel cells at Los Alamos National Laboratory
journal, March 2000

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and small alcohol oxidation in alkaline media
journal, January 2007

Anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells: Status and perspective
journal, December 2010

Pt-based anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, November 2004

Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, October 2015

Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A comprehensive review
journal, May 2015

Supported Pt, Pd and Au nanoparticle anode catalysts for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells with glycerol and crude glycerol fuels
journal, June 2013

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) on supported Pt and Au catalysts in alkaline media: Reaction pathway investigation in three-electrode cell and fuel cell reactors
journal, August 2012

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of C ₃ -Aliphatic Alcohols on Electrodeposited Pd-PEDOT Nanodendrites in Alkaline Medium
journal, January 2013

Reduction free room temperature synthesis of a durable and efficient Pd/ordered mesoporous carbon composite electrocatalyst for alkaline direct alcohols fuel cell
journal, January 2014

Design of Pd/PANI/Pd Sandwich-Structured Nanotube Array Catalysts with Special Shape Effects and Synergistic Effects for Ethanol Electrooxidation
journal, July 2013

Formation and microstructure of nanoporous silver by dealloying rapidly solidified Zn–Ag alloys
journal, February 2012

PdAg/CNT catalyzed alcohol oxidation reaction for high-performance anion exchange membrane direct alcohol fuel cell (alcohol = methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol)
journal, December 2016

Effect of cathode micro-porous layer on performance of anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, February 2011

Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy systems
journal, January 2014

A novel membrane-less direct alcohol fuel cell
journal, December 2015

Degradation of Imidazolium- and Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Poly(fluorenyl ether ketone sulfone) Anion Exchange Membranes
journal, November 2012

Durability study of KOH doped polybenzimidazole membrane for air-breathing alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell
journal, March 2011

Ionic polymers VI. Chemical stability of strong base anion exchangers in aggressive media
journal, January 2000

Membrane-Free Battery for Harvesting Low-Grade Thermal Energy
journal, October 2014

Membraneless laminar flow-based micro fuel cells operating in alkaline, acidic, and acidic/alkaline media
journal, September 2005

A Dual Electrolyte H ₂ /O ₂ Planar Membraneless Microchannel Fuel Cell System with Open Circuit Potentials in Excess of 1.4 V
journal, March 2005

Membraneless, Room-Temperature, Direct Borohydride/Cerium Fuel Cell with Power Density of Over 0.25 W/cm ²
journal, March 2012

A direct borohydride fuel cell with a polymer fiber membrane and non-noble metal catalysts
journal, August 2012

A high-performance integrated electrode for anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, July 2011

Study of operating conditions and cell design on the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane based direct methanol fuel cells
journal, October 2011

A direct methanol fuel cell without the use of a polymer electrolyte membrane or precious metal cathode catalyst
journal, July 2013

Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications
journal, October 2005

Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for fuel cell applications
journal, February 2003

Nafion/PTFE Composite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
journal, September 2004

Electrocatalytic selective oxidation of glycerol to tartronate on Au/C anode catalysts in anion exchange membrane fuel cells with electricity cogeneration
journal, July 2014

Carbon nanotubes as catalysts for direct carbohydrazide fuel cells
journal, August 2015

Simultaneous Generation of Mesoxalic Acid and Electricity from Glycerol on a Gold Anode Catalyst in Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
journal, May 2012

Porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) electret films: porosity and time dependent charging behavior of the free surface
journal, December 2006

High surface-charge stability of porous polytetrafluoroethylene electret films at room and elevated temperatures
journal, August 1999

Two Pathways for the Formation of Ethylene in CO Reduction on Single-Crystal Copper Electrodes
journal, June 2012

A membraneless microscale fuel cell using non-noble catalysts in alkaline solution
journal, October 2007

Preparation and characterization of PTFE based composite anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells
journal, December 2012

Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs
journal, March 2005

Investigation on the durability of direct methanol fuel cells
journal, July 2009

Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing
journal, July 2008

A review of PEM fuel cell durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies
journal, September 2008

Quaternary Phosphonium-Based Polymers as Hydroxide Exchange Membranes
journal, April 2010

Glycerol Electro-Oxidation in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells
journal, November 2019

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephtlatate)-block-poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymers
journal, January 2017

Niobium Enhances Electrocatalytic Pd Activity in Alkaline Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells
journal, September 2019

Promotion of Glycerol Oxidation by Selective Ru Decoration of (100) Domains at Nanostructured Pt Electrodes
journal, February 2019

Polymer Electrocatalysis
book, January 2020

Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells: Comparison with Direct Methanol and Ethanol Fuel Cells
journal, March 2019

The influence of hydroxy groups on the adsorption of three-carbon alcohols on Ni(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces: a density functional theory study within the D3 dispersion correction
journal, January 2019

Selective Electrooxidation of Glycerol Into Value-Added Chemicals: A Short Overview
journal, February 2019