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Title: An r-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III

Abstract

Chemically peculiar stars in dwarf galaxies provide a window for exploring the birth environment of stars with varying chemical enrichment. We present a chemical abundance analysis of the brightest star in the newly discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidate Tucana III. Because it is particularly bright for a star in an ultra-faint Milky Way satellite, we are able to measure the abundance of 28 elements, including 13 neutron-capture species. This star, DES J235532.66$$-$$593114.9 (DES J235532), shows a mild enhancement in neutron-capture elements associated with the $$r$$-process and can be classified as an $$r$$-I star. DES J235532 is the first $$r$$-I star to be discovered in an ultra-faint satellite, and Tuc III is the second extremely low-luminosity system found to contain $$r$$-process enriched material, after Reticulum II. Comparison of the abundance pattern of DES J235532 with $$r$$-I and $$r$$-II stars found in other dwarf galaxies and in the Milky Way halo suggests a common astrophysical origin for the neutron-capture elements seen in all $$r$$-process enhanced stars. We explore both internal and external scenarios for the $$r$$-process enrichment of Tuc III and show that with abundance patterns for additional stars it should be possible to distinguish between them.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1349625
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1360754; OSTI ID: 1362064
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1702.07430; FERMILAB-PUB-17-189-AE
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; KJ0402000; KJ0503000; ERKJ311; ERKJEPM; TRN: US1700595
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 838; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: abundances; galaxies: dwarf; stars: abundances; stars: chemically peculiar

Citation Formats

Hansen, T. T., Simon, J. D., Marshall, J. L., Li, T. S., Carollo, D., DePoy, D. L., Nagasawa, D. Q., Bernstein, R. A., Drlica-Wagner, A., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., Costa, L. N. da, Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Neto, A. Fausti, Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., and Walker, A. R. An r-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa634a.
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Hansen, T. T., Simon, J. D., Marshall, J. L., Li, T. S., Carollo, D., DePoy, D. L., Nagasawa, D. Q., Bernstein, R. A., Drlica-Wagner, A., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., Costa, L. N. da, Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Neto, A. Fausti, Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., & Walker, A. R. An r-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa634a
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Hansen, T. T., Simon, J. D., Marshall, J. L., Li, T. S., Carollo, D., DePoy, D. L., Nagasawa, D. Q., Bernstein, R. A., Drlica-Wagner, A., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., Costa, L. N. da, Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Neto, A. Fausti, Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Miquel, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., and Walker, A. R. Mon . "An r-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa634a. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1349625.
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@article{osti_1349625,
title = {An r-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III},
author = {Hansen, T. T. and Simon, J. D. and Marshall, J. L. and Li, T. S. and Carollo, D. and DePoy, D. L. and Nagasawa, D. Q. and Bernstein, R. A. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Abdalla, F. B. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Bechtol, K. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Cunha, C. E. and Costa, L. N. da and Desai, S. and Eifler, T. F. and Neto, A. Fausti and Flaugher, B. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and James, D. J. and Krause, E. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lahav, O. and Miquel, R. and Plazas, A. A. and Romer, A. K. and Sanchez, E. and Santiago, B. and Scarpine, V. and Smith, R. C. and Soares-Santos, M. and Sobreira, F. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Walker, A. R.},
abstractNote = {Chemically peculiar stars in dwarf galaxies provide a window for exploring the birth environment of stars with varying chemical enrichment. We present a chemical abundance analysis of the brightest star in the newly discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidate Tucana III. Because it is particularly bright for a star in an ultra-faint Milky Way satellite, we are able to measure the abundance of 28 elements, including 13 neutron-capture species. This star, DES J235532.66$-$593114.9 (DES J235532), shows a mild enhancement in neutron-capture elements associated with the $r$-process and can be classified as an $r$-I star. DES J235532 is the first $r$-I star to be discovered in an ultra-faint satellite, and Tuc III is the second extremely low-luminosity system found to contain $r$-process enriched material, after Reticulum II. Comparison of the abundance pattern of DES J235532 with $r$-I and $r$-II stars found in other dwarf galaxies and in the Milky Way halo suggests a common astrophysical origin for the neutron-capture elements seen in all $r$-process enhanced stars. We explore both internal and external scenarios for the $r$-process enrichment of Tuc III and show that with abundance patterns for additional stars it should be possible to distinguish between them.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aa634a},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 838,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa634a
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text, January 2014

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text, January 2014

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The first carbon-enhanced metal-poor star found in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal
text, January 2014

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text, January 2014

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text, January 2015

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text, January 2016

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text, January 2016

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text, January 2006

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    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2554

    GW170817 --the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: Implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process
    journal, November 2019

    RAVE J203843.2–002333: The First Highly R-process-enhanced Star Identified in the RAVE Survey
    journal, July 2017

    • Placco, Vinicius M.; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Frebel, Anna
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 844, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa78ef

    Chemical Abundance Analysis of Three α -poor, Metal-poor Stars in the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Horologium I
    journal, January 2018

    • Nagasawa, D. Q.; Marshall, J. L.; Li, T. S.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa01d

    Chemical Abundances of New Member Stars in the Tucana II Dwarf Galaxy
    journal, April 2018

    • Chiti, Anirudh; Frebel, Anna; Ji, Alexander P.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab4fc

    The R -process Alliance: First Release from the Southern Search for R -process-enhanced Stars in the Galactic Halo
    journal, May 2018

    • Hansen, Terese T.; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Beers, Timothy C.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabacc

    The R -Process Alliance: Discovery of the First Metal-poor Star with a Combined r - and s -process Element Signature
    journal, August 2018

    • Gull, Maude; Frebel, Anna; Cain, Madelyn G.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacbc3

    Gaia Proper Motions and Orbits of the Ultra-faint Milky Way Satellites
    journal, August 2018

    The R -Process Alliance: A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis of HD 222925, a Metal-poor Star with an Extreme R -process Enhancement of [Eu/H] = −0.14
    journal, October 2018

    • Roederer, Ian U.; Sakari, Charli M.; Placco, Vinicius M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aadd92

    The First Tidally Disrupted Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy?: A Spectroscopic Analysis of the Tucana III Stream
    journal, October 2018

    Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs
    journal, January 2019

    • Ji, Alexander P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Frebel, Anna
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3bb

    The Origin of r -process Enhanced Metal-poor Halo Stars In Now-destroyed Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies
    journal, February 2019

    • Brauer, Kaley; Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafafb

    r -process Enrichment of the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies by Fast-merging Double-neutron Stars
    journal, February 2019

    • Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Andrews, Jeff. J.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafe0e

    Actinide-rich and Actinide-poor r -process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars Do Not Require Separate r -process Progenitors
    journal, August 2019

    • Holmbeck, Erika M.; Frebel, Anna; McLaughlin, G. C.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2a01

    The Lanthanide Fraction Distribution in Metal-poor Stars: A Test of Neutron Star Mergers as the Dominant r -process Site
    journal, August 2019

    • Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R.; Hansen, Terese T.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3291

    Chemical Abundance Analysis of Tucana III, the Second r -process Enhanced Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy
    journal, September 2019

    High-resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Stars in the Sylgr Stellar Stream
    journal, September 2019

    Can Neutron-star Mergers Explain the r -process Enrichment in Globular Clusters?
    journal, November 2019

    • Zevin, Michael; Kremer, Kyle; Siegel, Daniel M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab498b

    Detailed Abundances in the Ultra-faint Magellanic Satellites Carina II and III
    journal, January 2020

    The R -Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-enhanced R -II Star Known
    journal, June 2018

    • Holmbeck, Erika M.; Beers, Timothy C.; Roederer, Ian U.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac722

    Early Solar System r -process Abundances Limit Collapsar Origin
    journal, August 2019

    The first direct double neutron star merger detection: Implications for cosmic nucleosynthesis
    journal, July 2018

    The R -Process Alliance: Chemical Abundances for a Trio of r -process-enhanced Stars—One Strong, One Moderate, and One Mild
    journal, August 2018

    Neutron Star Mergers are the Dominant Source of the r -process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies
    journal, December 2018

    • Duggan, Gina E.; Kirby, Evan N.; Andrievsky, Serge M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaeb8e

    The formation of the heaviest elements
    preprint, January 2018

    Chemical Abundances of new member stars in the Tucana II dwarf galaxy
    text, January 2018

    The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-Enhanced R-II Star Known
    text, January 2018

    Neutron Star Mergers Are the Dominant Source of the r-process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies
    text, January 2018

    Neutron star binary orbits in their host potential: effect on early r-process enrichment
    text, January 2019

    Early Solar System $r$-process Abundances Limit Collapsar Origin
    text, January 2019

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