Organ and effective dose coefficients for cranial and caudal irradiation geometries: photons
Abstract
With the introduction of new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in Publication 103, the methodology for determining the protection quantity, effective dose, has been modified. The modifications include changes to the defined organs and tissues, the associated tissue weighting factors, radiation weighting factors and the introduction of reference sex-specific computational phantoms. Computations of equivalent doses in organs and tissues are now performed in both the male and female phantoms and the sex-averaged values used to determine the effective dose. Dose coefficients based on the ICRP 103 recommendations were reported in ICRP Publication 116, the revision of ICRP Publication 74 and ICRU Publication 57. The coefficients were determined for the following irradiation geometries: anterior-posterior (AP), posterior-anterior (PA), right and left lateral (RLAT and LLAT), rotational (ROT) and isotropic (ISO). In this work, the methodology of ICRP Publication 116 was used to compute dose coefficients for photon irradiation of the body with parallel beams directed upward from below the feet (caudal) and directed downward from above the head (cranial). These geometries may be encountered in the workplace from personnel standing on contaminated surfaces or volumes and from overhead sources. Calculations of organ and tissue kerma and absorbed dosesmore »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1348320
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 168; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0144-8420
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY
Citation Formats
Veinot, K. G., Eckerman, K. F., and Hertel, N. E. Organ and effective dose coefficients for cranial and caudal irradiation geometries: photons. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv183.
Veinot, K. G., Eckerman, K. F., & Hertel, N. E. Organ and effective dose coefficients for cranial and caudal irradiation geometries: photons. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv183
Veinot, K. G., Eckerman, K. F., and Hertel, N. E. Sat .
"Organ and effective dose coefficients for cranial and caudal irradiation geometries: photons". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv183. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1348320.
@article{osti_1348320,
title = {Organ and effective dose coefficients for cranial and caudal irradiation geometries: photons},
author = {Veinot, K. G. and Eckerman, K. F. and Hertel, N. E.},
abstractNote = {With the introduction of new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in Publication 103, the methodology for determining the protection quantity, effective dose, has been modified. The modifications include changes to the defined organs and tissues, the associated tissue weighting factors, radiation weighting factors and the introduction of reference sex-specific computational phantoms. Computations of equivalent doses in organs and tissues are now performed in both the male and female phantoms and the sex-averaged values used to determine the effective dose. Dose coefficients based on the ICRP 103 recommendations were reported in ICRP Publication 116, the revision of ICRP Publication 74 and ICRU Publication 57. The coefficients were determined for the following irradiation geometries: anterior-posterior (AP), posterior-anterior (PA), right and left lateral (RLAT and LLAT), rotational (ROT) and isotropic (ISO). In this work, the methodology of ICRP Publication 116 was used to compute dose coefficients for photon irradiation of the body with parallel beams directed upward from below the feet (caudal) and directed downward from above the head (cranial). These geometries may be encountered in the workplace from personnel standing on contaminated surfaces or volumes and from overhead sources. Calculations of organ and tissue kerma and absorbed doses for caudal and cranial exposures to photons ranging in energy from 10 keV to 10 GeV have been performed using the MCNP6.1 radiation transport code and the adult reference phantoms of ICRP Publication 110. As with calculations reported in ICRP 116, the effects of charged-particle transport are evident when compared with values obtained by using the kerma approximation. At lower energies the effective dose per particle fluence for cranial and caudal exposures is less than AP orientations while above similar to 30 MeV the cranial and caudal values are greater.},
doi = {10.1093/rpd/ncv183},
journal = {Radiation Protection Dosimetry},
number = 2,
volume = 168,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Sat May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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