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Title: Understanding limiting factors in thick electrode performance as applied to high energy density Li-ion batteries

Journal Article · · Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Transportation Science Division
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Computer Science and Mathematics Division
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We present that increasing electrode thickness, thus increasing the volume ratio of active materials, is one effective method to enable the development of high energy density Li-ion batteries. In this study, an energy density versus power density optimization of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA)/graphite cell stack was conducted via mathematical modeling. The energy density was found to have a maximum point versus electrode thickness (critical thickness) at given discharging C rates. The physics-based factors that limit the energy/power density of thick electrodes were found to be increased cell polarization and underutilization of active materials. The latter is affected by Li-ion diffusion in active materials and Li-ion depletion in the electrolyte phase. Based on those findings, possible approaches were derived to surmount the limiting factors. Finally, the improvement of the energy–power relationship in an 18,650 cell was used to demonstrate how to optimize the thick electrode parameters in cell engineering.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1346648
Journal Information:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 47, Issue 3; ISSN 0021-891X
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 192 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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book February 2014
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Cited By (18)

Conductive Cellulose Nanofiber Enabled Thick Electrode for Compact and Flexible Energy Storage Devices journal October 2018
Quantifying the Trade‐Off between Absolute Capacity and Rate Performance in Battery Electrodes journal July 2019
Diffusion‐Limited C‐Rate: A Fundamental Principle Quantifying the Intrinsic Limits of Li‐Ion Batteries journal November 2019
High Energy Li‐Ion Electrodes Prepared via a Solventless Melt Process journal April 2020
An Innovative Process for Ultra‐Thick Electrodes Elaboration: Toward Low‐Cost and High‐Energy Batteries journal April 2019
Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Use in High‐Energy Cells: Influence of Electrode Thickness on Drying Time, Adhesion, and Crack Formation journal September 2019
Lithium ion, lithium metal, and alternative rechargeable battery technologies: the odyssey for high energy density journal May 2017
Sintered electrode full cells for high energy density lithium-ion batteries journal August 2018
Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries journal June 2017
Optimization of a Lithium-Ion Battery for Maximization of Energy Density with Design of Experiments and Micro-genetic Algorithm journal April 2019
Anchoring anions with metal–organic framework-functionalized separators for advanced lithium batteries journal January 2019
Quasi-Isothermal External Short Circuit Tests Applied to Lithium-Ion Cells: Part II. Modeling and Simulation journal January 2019
Energy Density of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells: A Comparison of Commercial 18650 to the 21700 Cells journal January 2018
Experimental and Modeling Analysis of Graphite Electrodes with Various Thicknesses and Porosities for High-Energy-Density Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2018
Metamodel-Based Optimization of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Maximization of Energy Density with Evolutionary Algorithm journal January 2019
The Effect of Structural Properties of a Two-Layered Electrode on the Li-Ion Battery Polarization journal January 2019
Is There a Benefit in Employing Graded Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries? journal January 2017
Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries journal July 2018

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Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
25 ENERGY STORAGE
Thick electrodes
Numerical modeling
Energy/power density
Li-ion depletion