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Title: Light-front spin-dependent spectral function and nucleon momentum distributions for a three-body system

Abstract

Poincare covariant definitions for the spin-dependent spectral function and for the momentum distributions within the light-front Hamiltonian dynamics are proposed for a three-fermion bound system, starting from the light-front wave function of the system. The adopted approach is based on the Bakamjian–Thomas construction of the Poincaré generators, which allows one to easily import the familiar and wide knowledge on the nuclear interaction into a light-front framework. The proposed formalism can find useful applications in refined nuclear calculations, such as those needed for evaluating the European Muon Collaboration effect or the semi-inclusive deep inelastic cross sections with polarized nuclear targets, since remarkably the light-front unpolarized momentum distribution by definition fulfills both normalization and momentum sum rules. As a result, also shown is a straightforward generalization of the definition of the light-front spectral function to an A-nucleon system.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]
  1. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Rome (Italy); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
  2. Univ. degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata" and INFN, Rome (Italy)
  3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Rome (Italy)
  4. Univ. degli Studi di Perugia and INFN, Perugia (Italy)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1346560
Report Number(s):
JLAB-PHY-17-2427; DOE/OR/23177-4094; arXiv:1609.03804
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN; TRN: US1701014
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-06OR23177
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 95; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
APS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats

Del Dotto, Alessio, Pace, Emanuele, Salme, Giovanni, and Scopetta, Sergio. Light-front spin-dependent spectral function and nucleon momentum distributions for a three-body system. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.014001.
Del Dotto, Alessio, Pace, Emanuele, Salme, Giovanni, & Scopetta, Sergio. Light-front spin-dependent spectral function and nucleon momentum distributions for a three-body system. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.014001
Del Dotto, Alessio, Pace, Emanuele, Salme, Giovanni, and Scopetta, Sergio. Tue . "Light-front spin-dependent spectral function and nucleon momentum distributions for a three-body system". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.014001. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346560.
@article{osti_1346560,
title = {Light-front spin-dependent spectral function and nucleon momentum distributions for a three-body system},
author = {Del Dotto, Alessio and Pace, Emanuele and Salme, Giovanni and Scopetta, Sergio},
abstractNote = {Poincare covariant definitions for the spin-dependent spectral function and for the momentum distributions within the light-front Hamiltonian dynamics are proposed for a three-fermion bound system, starting from the light-front wave function of the system. The adopted approach is based on the Bakamjian–Thomas construction of the Poincaré generators, which allows one to easily import the familiar and wide knowledge on the nuclear interaction into a light-front framework. The proposed formalism can find useful applications in refined nuclear calculations, such as those needed for evaluating the European Muon Collaboration effect or the semi-inclusive deep inelastic cross sections with polarized nuclear targets, since remarkably the light-front unpolarized momentum distribution by definition fulfills both normalization and momentum sum rules. As a result, also shown is a straightforward generalization of the definition of the light-front spectral function to an A-nucleon system.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.95.014001},
journal = {Physical Review C},
number = 1,
volume = 95,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 10 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Jan 10 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

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M.; Pace, E.; Salme`, G.</span> </li> <li> arXiv</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/9910049" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/9910049<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> </div> <div class="pagination-container small"> <a class="pure-button prev page" href="#" rel="prev"><span class="sr-only">Previous Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-left"></span></a> <ul class="pagination d-inline-block" style="padding-left:.2em;"></ul> <a class="pure-button next page" href="#" rel="next"><span class="sr-only">Next Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="*"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> All References</a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="book"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> book<small class="text-muted"> (1)</small></a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="journal"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> journal<small class="text-muted"> (37)</small></a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="other"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> other<small class="text-muted"> (2)</small></a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="text"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> text<small class="text-muted"> (13)</small></a></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top:2em;"> <form class="pure-form small text-muted reference-search"> <label for="reference-search-text" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input class="search form-control pure-input-1" id="reference-search-text" placeholder="Search" style="margin-bottom:10px;" /> <fieldset aria-label="Sort By"> <legend class="legend-filters sr-only">Sort by:</legend> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="name" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="reference-search-sort-name"><label for="reference-search-sort-name" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by title</label></div> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="date" data-order="desc" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="reference-search-sort-date"><label for="reference-search-sort-date" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by date</label></div> </fieldset> <div class="text-left" style="margin-left:1em;"> <a href="" class="filter-clear clearfix" title="Clear filter / sort" style="font-weight:normal; float:none;">[ × clear filter / sort ]</a> </div> <input type="submit" id="sort_submit_references" name="submit" aria-label="submit" style="display: none;"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="biblio-citations" class="tab-content tab-content-sec osti-curated" data-tab="biblio"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 order-sm-9"> <div class="padding"> <p class="lead text-muted" style="font-size: 18px; margin-top:0px;">Works referencing / citing this record:</p> <div class="list"> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2019-07-29">July 2019</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Cloët, I. C.; Dupré, R.; Riordan, S.</span> </li> <li> Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 9</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.10572" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">text</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2019-01-01">January 2019</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Cloët, I. C.; Dupré, R.; Riordan, S.</span> </li> <li> arXiv</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.10572" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.48550/arxiv.1902.10572<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> </div> <div class="pagination-container small"> <a class="pure-button prev page" href="#" rel="prev"><span class="sr-only">Previous Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-left"></span></a> <ul class="pagination d-inline-block" style="padding-left:.2em;"></ul> <a class="pure-button next page" href="#" rel="next"><span class="sr-only">Next Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-filter="type" data-pattern="*"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> All Cited By</a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-filter="type" data-pattern="journal"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> journal<small class="text-muted"> (1)</small></a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-filter="type" data-pattern="text"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> text<small class="text-muted"> (1)</small></a></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top:2em;"> <form class="pure-form small text-muted citation-search"> <label for="citation-search-text" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input class="search form-control pure-input-1" id="citation-search-text" placeholder="Search" style="margin-bottom:10px;" /> <fieldset aria-label="Sort By"> <legend class="legend-filters sr-only">Sort by:</legend> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="name" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="citation-search-sort-name"><label for="citation-search-sort-name" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by title</label></div> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="date" data-order="desc" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="citation-search-sort-date"><label for="citation-search-sort-date" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by date</label></div> </fieldset> <div class="text-left" style="margin-left:1em;"> <a href="" class="filter-clear clearfix" title="Clear filter / sort" style="font-weight:normal; float:none;">[ × clear filter / sort ]</a> </div> <input type="submit" id="sort_submit_citations" name="submit" aria-label="submit" style="display: none;"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="biblio-related" class="tab-content tab-content-sec " data-tab="biblio"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 order-sm-9"> <section id="biblio-similar" class="tab-content tab-content-sec active" data-tab="related"> <div class="padding"> <p class="lead text-muted" style="font-size: 18px; margin-top:0px;">Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:</p> <aside> <ul class="item-list" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList" style="padding-left:0; list-style-type: none;"> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="0" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/21039020-relation-between-light-cone-distribution-amplitudes-shape-function-mesons" itemprop="url">Relation between light cone distribution amplitudes and shape function in B mesons</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Le Yaouanc, A</span> ; <span class="author">Oliver, L</span> ; <span class="author">Raynal, J -C</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review. D, Particles Fields</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">The Bakamjian-Thomas relativistic quark model provides a Poincare representation of bound states with a fixed number of constituents and, in the heavy quark limit, form factors of currents satisfy covariance and Isgur-Wise scaling. We compute the light cone distribution amplitudes (LCDA) of B mesons {phi}{sub {+-}}{sup B}({omega}) as well as the shape function S({omega}), that enters in the decay B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma}, that are also covariant in this class of models. The LCDA and the shape function are related through the quark model wave function. The former satisfy, in the limit of vanishing constituent light quark mass, the integral relation given<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> by QCD in the valence sector of Fock space. Using a Gaussian wave function, the obtained S({omega}) is identical to the so-called roman shape function. From the parameters for the latter that fit the B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} spectrum we predict the behavior of {phi}{sub {+-}}{sup B}({omega}). We discuss the important role played by the constituent light quark mass. In particular, although {phi}{sub -}{sup B}(0){ne}0 for vanishing light quark mass, a nonvanishing mass implies the unfamiliar result {phi}{sub -}{sup B}(0)=0. Moreover, we incorporate the short distance behavior of QCD to {phi}{sub +}{sup B}({omega}), which has sizeable effects at large {omega}. We obtain the values for the parameters {lambda} congruent with 0.35 GeV and {lambda}{sub B}{sup -1} congruent with 1.43 GeV{sup -1}. We compare with other theoretical approaches and illustrate the great variety of models found in the literature for the functions {phi}{sub {+-}}{sup B}({omega}); hence the necessity of imposing further constraints as in the present paper. We briefly review also the different phenomena that are sensitive to the LCDA. The value that we find for {lambda}{sub B}{sup -1} fulfills the upper bound recently measured by BABAR.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVD.77.034005" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="21039020" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVD.77.034005</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/801739-relativistic-wave-functions-energies-nonzero-angular-momentum-states-light-front-dynamics" itemprop="url">Relativistic wave functions and energies for nonzero angular momentum states in light-front dynamics</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Karmanov, V A</span> ; <span class="author">Mangin-Brinet, M</span> ; <span class="author">Carbonell, J G</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Nuclear Physics A</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Light-front dynamics (LFD) is a powerful approach to the theory of relativistic composite systems (hadrons in the quark models and relativistic nucleons in nuclei). Its explicitly covariant version has been recently applied with success to describe the new CEBAF/TJNAF data on the deuteron electromagnetic form factors. The solutions used in were however not obtained from solving exactly the LFD equations but by means of a perturbative calculation with respect to the non relativistic wave function. Since, a consequent effort has been made to obtain exact solutions of LFD equations. The first results concerning J=0 states in a scalar model have been published in nucl-th/9912050. The construction of J {ne} 0 states in LFD is complicated by the two following facts. First, the generators of the spatial rotations contain interaction and are thus difficult to handle. Second, one is always forced to work in a truncated Fock space, and consequently, the Poincare group commutation relations between the generators -- ensuring the correct properties of the state vector under rotation -- are in practice destroyed. In the standard approach, with the light-front plane defined as<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> $t+z=0$, this violation of rotational invariance manifests by the fact that the energy depends on the angular momentum projection on $$z$$-axis. We present here a method to construct J {ne} 0 states in the explicitly covariant formulation of LFD and show how it leads to a restoration of rotational invariance.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00387-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="801739" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AC" >https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00387-6</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1433298-color-confinement-hadron-dynamics-hadron-spectroscopy-from-light-front-holography-superconformal-algebra" itemprop="url">Color Confinement, Hadron Dynamics, and Hadron Spectroscopy from Light-Front Holography and Superconformal Algebra</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Brodsky, Stanley J.</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Advances in High Energy Physics</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">T<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> he QCD light-front Hamiltonian equation <math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mfenced> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> </math> derived from quantization at fixed LF time <math> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo> </mo> <mo> </mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo> </mo> <mo> </mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>c</mi> </math> provides a causal, frame-independent method for computing hadron spectroscopy as well as dynamical observables such as structure functions, transverse momentum distributions, and distribution amplitudes. he QCD Lagrangian with zero quark mass has no explicit mass scale. de Alfaro, Fubini, and Furlan (dAFF) have made an important observation that a mass scale can appear in the equations of motion without affecting the conformal invariance of the action if one adds a term to the Hamiltonian proportional to the dilatation operator or the special conformal operator. If one applies the dAFF procedure to the QCD light-front Hamiltonian, it leads to a color-confining potential <math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mi>ζ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math> for mesons, where <math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>ζ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> is the LF radial variable conjugate to the <math> <mi>q</mi> <mover> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math> invariant mass squared. he same result, including spin terms, is obtained using light-front holography, the duality between light-front dynamics and <math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , if one modifies the <math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> action by the dilaton <math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> </math> in the fifth dimension <math> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </math> . When one generalizes this procedure using superconformal algebra, the resulting light-front eigensolutions provide a unified Regge spectroscopy of meson, baryon, and tetraquarks, including remarkable supersymmetric relations between the masses of mesons and baryons and a universal Regge slope. he pion <math> <mi>q</mi> <mover> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math> eigenstate has zero mass at <math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> </math> he superconformal relations also can be extended to heavy-light quark mesons and baryons. his approach also leads to insights into the physics underlying hadronization at the amplitude level. I will also discuss the remarkable features of the Poincaré invariant, causal vacuum defined by light-front quantization and its impact on the interpretation of the cosmological constant. AdS/QCD also predicts the analytic form of the nonperturbative running coupling <math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> <mo>∝</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>/</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> </math> . he mass scale <math> <mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> </math> underlying hadron masses can be connected to the parameter <math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mover> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> in the QCD running coupling by matching the nonperturbative dynamics to the perturbative QCD regime. he result is an effective coupling <math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </math> defined at all momenta. One obtains empirically viable predictions for spacelike and timelike hadronic form factors, structure functions, distribution amplitudes, and transverse momentum distributions. Finally, I address the interesting question of whether the momentum sum rule is valid for nuclear structure functions.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 4<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7236382" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1433298" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="PA" >https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7236382</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="4" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/122405-nucleon-structure-relativistic-quark-model" itemprop="url">Nucleon structure in a relativistic quark model</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Szczepaniak, A</span> ; <span class="author">Ji, C</span> ; <span class="author">Cotanch, S R</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review, C</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We study nucleon structure in the relativistic quark model based on the Bakamjian-Thomas construction of the Poincare generators for an arbitrary quantization surface. The one body, single particle approximation to the current operators is used to calculate electromagnetic matrix elements. The Lorentz symmetry breaking resulting from such an approximation is fully investigated. The results for the light front and instant quantization limits are detailed. A suggestion for the resolution of the quark model inability to simultaneously describe the positive neutron electric form factor, {ital G}{sup {ital n}}{sub {ital E}}({ital Q}{sup 2}) at small {ital Q}{sup 2} and the negative slope<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> of the neutron to proton structure function ratio at large {ital x} is presented.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.2738" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="122405" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AC" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.2738</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="5" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/6772481-covariant-two-body-dynamics-weinberg-equation" itemprop="url">Covariant two-body dynamics and the Weinberg equation</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Namyslowski, J M</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Phys. Rev., D; (United States)</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Covariant, constrained two-body dynamics, with both particles put on their mass shells, is proposed as a generalization of the Bakamjian-Thomas-Coester relativistic quantum-mechanical scheme. The Weinberg infinite-momentum limit of the latter scheme is investigated, and a covariant formulation of the two-body problem in the light-front field theory approach is made. We find several equivalent versions of the three-dimensional, covariant, two-body integral equations. Among these equations we get one in which the covariant two-body propagator has the form identical with the nonrelativistic case, i.e., we have a quadratic structure in the relative momentum and the ordinary reduced mass. We discuss connections between<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> different schemes, emphasizing the variety and the uniqueness of the off-shell extensions.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.18.3676" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="6772481" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AC" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.18.3676</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a class="tab-nav disabled" data-tab="related" style="color: #636c72 !important; opacity: 1;"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> Similar Records</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <div class="footer-minor"> <div class="container"> <hr class="footer-separator"/> <br/> <div class="col text-center mt-3"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal"> <ul class="pure-menu-list" id="footer-org-menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://energy.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-us-doe-min" alt="U.S. Department of Energy" /> </a> </li> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-office-of-science-min" alt="Office of Science" /> </a> </li> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://www.osti.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-osti-min" alt="Office of Scientific and Technical Information" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col text-center small" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom:2.0rem;"> <div class="row justify-content-center" style="color:white"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal" style='white-space:normal'> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a href="https://www.osti.gov/disclaim" class="pure-menu-link" target="_blank" ref="noopener noreferrer"><span class="fa fa-institution"></span> Website Policies <span class="d-none d-sm-inline d-print-none" style="color:#737373;">/ Important Links</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style='float:none;'><a href="/pages/contact" class="pure-menu-link"><span class="fa fa-comments-o"></span>Contact Us</a></li> <li class="d-block d-md-none mb-1"></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style='float:none;'><a target="_blank" title="Vulnerability Disclosure Program" class="pure-menu-link" href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li class="d-block d-lg-none mb-1"></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ostigov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://twitter.com/OSTIgov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ostigov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-youtube-play" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Youtube</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <link href="/pages/css/pages.fonts.240327.0205.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/pages/js/pages.240327.0205.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script defer src="/pages/js/pages.biblio.240327.0205.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script defer src="/pages/js/lity.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script async type="text/javascript" src="/pages/js/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=DOE" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script><noscript></noscript> </body> <!-- DOE PAGES v.240327.0205 --> </html>