Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive 136Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic 132Sn

Allmond, James M.; Stuchberry, A. E.; Baktash, Cyrus; Gargano, A.; Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo; Radford, David C.; Bingham, C. R.; Brown, B. Alex; Coraggio, L.; Covello, A.; Danchev, M.; Gross, Carl J.; Hausladen, Paul; Itaco, N.; Lagergren, Karin B.; Padilla-Rodal, Elizabeth; Pavan, John R.; Riley, Mark A.; Stone, N. J.; Stracener, Daniel W.; Yu, Chang-Hong

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.092503

Title: Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive ¹³⁶Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic ¹³²Sn

Abstract

Radioactive ¹³⁶Te has two valence protons and two valence neutrons outside of the ¹³²Sn double shell closure, providing a simple laboratory for exploring the emergence of collectivity and nucleon- nucleon interactions. Coulomb excitation of ¹³⁶Te on a titanium target was utilized to determine an extensive set of electromagnetic moments for the three lowest-lying states, including B(E2;0$$+\atop{1}$$→ 2$$+\atop{1}$$ ), Q(2$$+\atop{1}$$ ), and g(2$$+\atop{1}$$ ). The results indicate that the first-excited state, 2$$+\atop{1}$$ , composed of the simple 2p ⊕ 2n system, is prolate deformed, and its wave function is dominated by neutron degrees of freedom, but not to the extent previously suggested. It is demonstrated that extreme sensitivity of g(2$$+\atop{1}$$) to the proton and neutron contributions to the wave function provides unique insight into the nature of emerging collectivity, and g(2$$+\atop{1}$$ ) was used to differentiate among several state-of-the-art theoretical calculations. Finally, our results are best described by the most recent shell model calculations.

Authors:

Allmond, James M. ^[1]; Stuchberry, A. E. ^[2]; Baktash, Cyrus ^[1]; Gargano, A. ^[3]; Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo ^[1]; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN ^[4]; Radford, David C. ^[1]; Bingham, C. R. ^[1]; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN ^[4]; Brown, B. Alex ^[5]; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI ^[4]; Coraggio, L. ^[3]; Covello, A. ^[6]; Danchev, M. ^[7]; St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. of Sofia ^[8]; Gross, Carl J. ^[1]; Hausladen, Paul ^[9]; Itaco, N. ^[3]; Univ. of Campania, Caserta ^[10]; Lagergren, Karin B. ^[9] more »

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Physics Division
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Dept. of Nuclear Physics
Univ. of Naples Federico II (Italy). National Inst. of Nuclear Physics
(United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). National Superconducting Cyclotron Lab. (NSCL)
Univ. of Naples Federico II (Italy). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
(Bulgaria)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Joint Inst. for Heavy Ion Research
(Italy). Dept. of Mathematics and Physics
Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Ciencias Nucleares
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States). Dept. of Physics
(United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Fri Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1345790

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1345694

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; DP0773273; FG02-96ER40963; PHY-1404442

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 118; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Allmond, James M., Stuchberry, A. E., Baktash, Cyrus, Gargano, A., Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Radford, David C., Bingham, C. R., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Brown, B. Alex, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, Coraggio, L., Covello, A., Danchev, M., St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. of Sofia, Gross, Carl J., Hausladen, Paul, Itaco, N., Univ. of Campania, Caserta, Lagergren, Karin B., Padilla-Rodal, Elizabeth, Pavan, John R., Riley, Mark A., Stone, N. J., Univ. of Oxford, Stracener, Daniel W., Varner, Jr., Robert L., and Yu, Chang-Hong. Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive 136Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic 132Sn.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.092503.

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                    Allmond, James M., Stuchberry, A. E., Baktash, Cyrus, Gargano, A., Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Radford, David C., Bingham, C. R., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Brown, B. Alex, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, Coraggio, L., Covello, A., Danchev, M., St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. of Sofia, Gross, Carl J., Hausladen, Paul, Itaco, N., Univ. of Campania, Caserta, Lagergren, Karin B., Padilla-Rodal, Elizabeth, Pavan, John R., Riley, Mark A., Stone, N. J., Univ. of Oxford, Stracener, Daniel W., Varner, Jr., Robert L., & Yu, Chang-Hong. Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive 136Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic 132Sn.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.092503

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                    Allmond, James M., Stuchberry, A. E., Baktash, Cyrus, Gargano, A., Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Radford, David C., Bingham, C. R., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Brown, B. Alex, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, Coraggio, L., Covello, A., Danchev, M., St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. of Sofia, Gross, Carl J., Hausladen, Paul, Itaco, N., Univ. of Campania, Caserta, Lagergren, Karin B., Padilla-Rodal, Elizabeth, Pavan, John R., Riley, Mark A., Stone, N. J., Univ. of Oxford, Stracener, Daniel W., Varner, Jr., Robert L., and Yu, Chang-Hong. Fri .  
"Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive 136Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic 132Sn".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.092503.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1345790.

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@article{osti_1345790,

  title        = {Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive 136Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic 132Sn},

  author       = {Allmond, James M. and Stuchberry, A. E. and Baktash, Cyrus and Gargano, A. and Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo and Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Radford, David C. and Bingham, C. R. and Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Brown, B. Alex and Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI and Coraggio, L. and Covello, A. and Danchev, M. and St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. of Sofia and Gross, Carl J. and Hausladen, Paul and Itaco, N. and Univ. of Campania, Caserta and Lagergren, Karin B. and Padilla-Rodal, Elizabeth and Pavan, John R. and Riley, Mark A. and Stone, N. J. and Univ. of Oxford and Stracener, Daniel W. and Varner, Jr., Robert L. and Yu, Chang-Hong},

  abstractNote = {Radioactive 136Te has two valence protons and two valence neutrons outside of the 132Sn double shell closure, providing a simple laboratory for exploring the emergence of collectivity and nucleon- nucleon interactions. Coulomb excitation of 136Te on a titanium target was utilized to determine an extensive set of electromagnetic moments for the three lowest-lying states, including B(E2;0$+\atop{1}$→ 2$+\atop{1}$ ), Q(2$+\atop{1}$ ), and g(2$+\atop{1}$ ). The results indicate that the first-excited state, 2$+\atop{1}$ , composed of the simple 2p ⊕ 2n system, is prolate deformed, and its wave function is dominated by neutron degrees of freedom, but not to the extent previously suggested. It is demonstrated that extreme sensitivity of g(2$+\atop{1}$) to the proton and neutron contributions to the wave function provides unique insight into the nature of emerging collectivity, and g(2$+\atop{1}$ ) was used to differentiate among several state-of-the-art theoretical calculations. Finally, our results are best described by the most recent shell model calculations.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.092503},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 118,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Fri Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.092503

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Works referencing / citing this record:

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Title: Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive 136Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic 132Sn

Abstract

Citation Formats

Static electric quadrupole moments of the first excited states of 56Fe and the even Titanium nuclei journal, August 1972

Evidence for proton excitations in 1 3 0 , 1 3 2 , 1 3 4 , 1 3 6 Xe isotopes from measurements of g factors of 2 1 + and 4 1 + states journal, January 2002

Spectroscopic calculations of cluster nuclei above double shell closures with a new local potential journal, January 2013

Relative g -factor measurements in the stable Te isotopes journal, September 2007

Evolution of single-particle states beyond 132 Sn journal, March 2013

First Nuclear Moment Measurement with Radioactive Beams by the Recoil-in-Vacuum Technique: The g Factor of the 2 1 + State in Te 132 journal, May 2005

Electromagnetic properties of the 2 1 + state in 134 Te: Influence of core excitation on single-particle orbits beyond 132 Sn journal, November 2013

Recoil in vacuum for Te ions: Calibration, models, and applications to radioactive-beam g -factor measurements journal, September 2007

Shell-model calculations and realistic effective interactions journal, January 2009

Impact of variational space on M 1 transitions between first and second quadrupole excitations in Te 132 , 134 , 136 journal, July 2014

Magnetic moments of low-lying states in Rh 103 , 111 , 113 Cd, and 123 , 125 Te journal, July 1989

Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive 1 3 2 , 1 3 4 , 1 3 6 Te Beams and the Low B ( E 2 ) of 136 Te journal, May 2002

Excited state g factors in Te 125 journal, November 2009

High-precision B ( E 2 ) measurements of semi-magic Ni 58 , 60 , 62 , 64 by Coulomb excitation journal, September 2014

Time-dependent Monte Carlo calculations of recoil-in-vacuum g -factor data for 122 , 126 , 130 , 132 Te journal, April 2013

Performance of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer and its detector systems at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility journal, August 2000

Structure of exotic nuclei around double shell closures journal, July 2007

Coulomb excitation of 124 , 126 , 128 Sn journal, December 2011

The static quadrupole moment of the first excited state of 60Ni journal, August 1969

One-phonon isovector 2 1 , MS + state in the neutron-rich nucleus 132 Te journal, December 2011

Tables of E2 transition probabilities from the first 2 + states in even–even nuclei journal, January 2016

Investigation into the semimagic nature of the tin isotopes through electromagnetic moments journal, October 2015

Magnetic moments of 2 1 + states in 124 , 126 , 128 Sn journal, May 2013

Nuclear Structure Studies in the 132 Sn Region: “Safe Coulex” with Carbon Targets journal, September 2015

2 π 1 ν states populated in Te 135 from Be 9 -induced reactions with a Sn 132 beam journal, July 2014

Double-Magic Nature of Sn 132 and Pb 208 through Lifetime and Cross-Section Measurements journal, April 2014

Systematics of the First 2 + Excitation with the Gogny Interaction journal, July 2007

The magic nature of 132Sn explored through the single-particle states of 133Sn journal, May 2010

Exotic Nuclei conference, January 2010

B(E2) values from low-energy Coulomb excitation at an ISOL facility: the N=80,82 Te isotopes journal, January 2003

Magnetic moments of the 2 1 + states around Sn 132 journal, April 2005

Anomalous properties of quadrupole collective states in Te 136 and beyond journal, November 2004

Spectroscopy of neutron-rich Te and Xe isotopes within a new shell model context journal, August 2013

Low momentum nucleon-nucleon potential and shell model effective interactions journal, April 2002

Anomalous behavior of 2 + excitations around 132 Sn journal, November 2002

Behavior of odd-even mass staggering around 132 Sn journal, October 2013

Exotic nuclei journal, June 2019

Shell-model calculations and realistic effective interactions text, January 2008

Evolution of single-particle states beyond $^{132}$Sn text, January 2013

Structure of exotic nuclei around double shell closures text, January 2006

Low momentum nucleon-nucleon potential and shell model effective interactions text, January 1999

Lifetime of the ($15/{2}_{1}^{-}$) state in 135 Te journal, May 2019

High-spin states of the N = 82 isotones Xe 136 , Cs 137 , and Ba 138 : Monopole-driven competition of neutron core excitations with two-proton excitations to the h 11 / 2 high- j orbit journal, December 2019

First-excited state g factor of Te 136 by the recoil in vacuum method journal, July 2017

Early Signal of Emerging Nuclear Collectivity in Neutron-Rich Sb 129 journal, January 2020

Title: Electromagnetic Moments of Radioactive ¹³⁶Te and the Emergence of Collectivity 2p ⊕ 2n outside of Double-Magic ¹³²Sn

Static electric quadrupole moments of the first excited states of 56Fe and the even Titanium nuclei
journal, August 1972

Evidence for proton excitations in $^{130, 132, 134, 136} Xe$ isotopes from measurements of $g$ factors of $2_{1}^{+}$ and $4_{1}^{+}$ states
journal, January 2002

Spectroscopic calculations of cluster nuclei above double shell closures with a new local potential
journal, January 2013

Relative $g$ -factor measurements in the stable Te isotopes
journal, September 2007

Evolution of single-particle states beyond $^{132}$ Sn
journal, March 2013

First Nuclear Moment Measurement with Radioactive Beams by the Recoil-in-Vacuum Technique: The $g$ Factor of the $2_{1}^{+}$ State in ${}^{132}{Te}$
journal, May 2005

Electromagnetic properties of the $2_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{134}$ Te: Influence of core excitation on single-particle orbits beyond $^{132}$ Sn
journal, November 2013

Recoil in vacuum for Te ions: Calibration, models, and applications to radioactive-beam $g$ -factor measurements
journal, September 2007

Shell-model calculations and realistic effective interactions
journal, January 2009

Impact of variational space on $M 1$ transitions between first and second quadrupole excitations in ${}^{132, 134, 136}{Te}$
journal, July 2014

Magnetic moments of low-lying states in ${}^{103}{Rh}$ , ${}^{111}$ , 113 Cd, and ${}^{123}$ , 125 Te
journal, July 1989

Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive $^{132, 134, 136} Te$ Beams and the Low $B (E 2)$ of $^{136} Te$
journal, May 2002

Excited state $g$ factors in ${}^{125}{Te}$
journal, November 2009

High-precision $B (E 2)$ measurements of semi-magic ${}^{58, 60, 62, 64}{Ni}$ by Coulomb excitation
journal, September 2014

Time-dependent Monte Carlo calculations of recoil-in-vacuum $g$ -factor data for $^{122, 126, 130, 132}$ Te
journal, April 2013

Performance of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer and its detector systems at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility
journal, August 2000

Structure of exotic nuclei around double shell closures
journal, July 2007

Coulomb excitation of $^{124, 126, 128}$ Sn
journal, December 2011

The static quadrupole moment of the first excited state of 60Ni
journal, August 1969

One-phonon isovector $2_{1, MS}^{+}$ state in the neutron-rich nucleus $^{132}$ Te
journal, December 2011

Tables of E2 transition probabilities from the first $2^{+}$ states in even–even nuclei
journal, January 2016

Investigation into the semimagic nature of the tin isotopes through electromagnetic moments
journal, October 2015

Magnetic moments of 2 $_{1}^{+}$ states in $^{124, 126, 128}$ Sn
journal, May 2013

Nuclear Structure Studies in the ¹³² Sn Region: “Safe Coulex” with Carbon Targets
journal, September 2015

$2 π 1 ν$ states populated in ${}^{135}{Te}$ from ${}^{9}{Be}$ -induced reactions with a ${}^{132}{Sn}$ beam
journal, July 2014

Double-Magic Nature of ${}^{132}{Sn}$ and ${}^{208}{Pb}$ through Lifetime and Cross-Section Measurements
journal, April 2014

Systematics of the First $2^{+}$ Excitation with the Gogny Interaction
journal, July 2007

The magic nature of 132Sn explored through the single-particle states of 133Sn
journal, May 2010

Exotic Nuclei
conference, January 2010

B(E2) values from low-energy Coulomb excitation at an ISOL facility: the N=80,82 Te isotopes
journal, January 2003

Magnetic moments of the $2_{1}^{+}$ states around ${}^{132}{Sn}$
journal, April 2005

Anomalous properties of quadrupole collective states in ${}^{136}{Te}$ and beyond
journal, November 2004

Spectroscopy of neutron-rich Te and Xe isotopes within a new shell model context
journal, August 2013

Low momentum nucleon-nucleon potential and shell model effective interactions
journal, April 2002

Anomalous behavior of $2^{+}$ excitations around $^{132} Sn$
journal, November 2002

Behavior of odd-even mass staggering around $^{132}$ Sn
journal, October 2013

Exotic nuclei
journal, June 2019

Shell-model calculations and realistic effective interactions
text, January 2008

Evolution of single-particle states beyond $^{132}$Sn
text, January 2013

Structure of exotic nuclei around double shell closures
text, January 2006

Low momentum nucleon-nucleon potential and shell model effective interactions
text, January 1999

Lifetime of the ($15/{2}_{1}^{-}$) state in ¹³⁵ Te
journal, May 2019

High-spin states of the $N = 82$ isotones ${}^{136}{Xe}, {}^{137}{Cs}$ , and ${}^{138}{Ba}$ : Monopole-driven competition of neutron core excitations with two-proton excitations to the $h_{11 / 2}$ high- $j$ orbit
journal, December 2019

First-excited state $g$ factor of ${}^{136}{Te}$ by the recoil in vacuum method
journal, July 2017

Early Signal of Emerging Nuclear Collectivity in Neutron-Rich ${}^{129}{Sb}$
journal, January 2020