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Title: Detection of Solar-Like Oscillations, Observational Constraints, and Stellar Models for θ Cyg, the Brightest Star Observed by the Kepler Mission

Abstract

θ Cygni is an F3 spectral type magnitude V = 4.48 main-sequence star that was the brightest star observed by the original Kepler spacecraft mission. Short-cadence (58.8 s) photometric data using a custom aperture were first obtained during Quarter 6 (2010 June–September) and subsequently in Quarters 8 and 12–17. We present analyses of solar-like oscillations based on Q6 and Q8 data, identifying angular degree l = 0, 1, and 2 modes with frequencies of 1000–2700 μHz, a large frequency separation of 83.9 ± 0.4 μHz, and maximum oscillation amplitude at frequency νmax = 1829 ± 54 μHz. We also present analyses of new ground-based spectroscopic observations, which, combined with interferometric angular diameter measurements, give T eff = 6697 ± 78 K, radius 1.49 ± 0.03 R ⊙, [Fe/H] = $-$0.02 ± 0.06 dex, and log g = 4.23 ± 0.03. We calculate stellar models matching these constraints using the Yale Rotating Evolution Code and the Asteroseismic Modeling Portal. The best-fit models have masses of 1.35–1.39 M ⊙ and ages of 1.0–1.6 Gyr. θ Cyg's T eff and log g place it cooler than the red edge of the γ Doradus instability region established from pre-Kepler ground-based observations, but just atmore » the red edge derived from pulsation modeling. Lastly, the pulsation models show γ Dor gravity modes driven by the convective blocking mechanism, with frequencies of 1–3 cycles per day (11 to 33 μHz). However, gravity modes were not seen in Kepler data; one signal at 1.776 cycles per day (20.56 μHz) may be attributable to a faint, possibly background, binary.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [7];  [7];  [8];  [2];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [11];  [2];  [14];  [15] more »;  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19];  [10];  [20];  [21];  [22];  [3];  [23];  [2];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [27];  [3];  [23];  [28];  [29];  [2];  [30];  [2];  [31];  [32];  [15];  [3];  [33];  [34];  [11];  [35];  [36];  [13];  [37];  [11];  [35] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark)
  3. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); Univ. of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
  4. Keele Univ. (United Kingdom)
  5. Univ. of Central Lancashire, Preston (United Kingdom)
  6. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  7. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  8. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States); Bay Area Environmental Research Inst., Sonoma, CA (United States)
  9. Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay (France)
  10. Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
  11. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia)
  12. Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia); New York Univ., Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
  13. Univ. of Paris Diderot, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
  14. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  15. Space Science Inst., Boulder, CO (United States)
  16. Katholieke Univ., Leuven (Belgium)
  17. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia); Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, NSW (Australia)
  18. Katholieke Univ., Leuven (Belgium); Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands)
  19. Univerisite de Toulouse, Tarbes, France
  20. Univ. de Liege (Belgium)
  21. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); Aarhus Katedralskole, Skolegyde, Aarhus (Denmark)
  22. Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.; Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Centre for Star and Planet Formation and Natural History Museum of Denmark
  23. Astrophysical Observatory of Catania (Italy)
  24. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); Univ. of Birmingham (United Kingdom); Univ. of Paris Diderot, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
  25. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
  26. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  27. Keele Univ. (United Kingdom); Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)
  28. Apache Point Observatory, Sunspot, NM (United States); New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States)
  29. Saint Mary's Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada)
  30. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark); Max Planck Inst. for Solar System Research, Gottingen (Germany)
  31. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
  32. Univ. de Toulouse, Tarbes (France); National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Tarbes (France). Center for Spatial Study of Radiation
  33. Univ. of Wroclaw (Poland)
  34. Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France). LESIA Observatoire de Paris
  35. Inst. of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, Tenerife (Spain); Univ. de La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)
  36. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Napoli (Italy). Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
  37. Univ. of Porto (Portugal)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1345147
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-16-22306
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; TRN: US1701349
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; KEPLER08-0013; 12-ATP12-0130; NNX12AE17G; 269194; 267864; DNRF106; NNX13AE70G; NNX16AI09G; AST-1105930; AST-1514676; AYA2010-17803
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 831; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Guzik, Joyce Ann, Houdek, G., Chaplin, W. J., Smalley, B., Kurtz, D. W., Gilliland, R. L., Mullally, F., Rowe, J. F., Bryson, S. T., Still, M. D., Antoci, V., Appourchaux, T., Basu, S., Bedding, T.R., Benomar, O., Garcia, R.A., Huber, D., Kjeldsen, H., Latham, D., Metcalfe, T. S., Papics, P. I., White, T. R., Aerts, C., Ballot, J., Boyajian, T.S., Briquet, M., Bruntt, H., Buchhave, L.A., Campante, T.L., Catanzaro, G., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Davies, G.R., Dogan, G., Dragomir, D., Doyle, A.P., Elsworth, Y., Frasca, A., Gaulme, P., Gruberbauer, M., Handberg, R., Hekker, S., Karoff, C., Lehmann, H., Mathias, P., Mathur, S., Miglio, A., Molenda-Zakowicz, J., Mosser, B., Murphy, S. J., Regulo, C., Ripepi, V., Salabert, D., Sousa, S., Stello, D., and Uytterhoeven, K. Detection of Solar-Like Oscillations, Observational Constraints, and Stellar Models for θ Cyg, the Brightest Star Observed by the Kepler Mission. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/17.
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Guzik, Joyce Ann, Houdek, G., Chaplin, W. J., Smalley, B., Kurtz, D. W., Gilliland, R. L., Mullally, F., Rowe, J. F., Bryson, S. T., Still, M. D., Antoci, V., Appourchaux, T., Basu, S., Bedding, T.R., Benomar, O., Garcia, R.A., Huber, D., Kjeldsen, H., Latham, D., Metcalfe, T. S., Papics, P. I., White, T. R., Aerts, C., Ballot, J., Boyajian, T.S., Briquet, M., Bruntt, H., Buchhave, L.A., Campante, T.L., Catanzaro, G., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Davies, G.R., Dogan, G., Dragomir, D., Doyle, A.P., Elsworth, Y., Frasca, A., Gaulme, P., Gruberbauer, M., Handberg, R., Hekker, S., Karoff, C., Lehmann, H., Mathias, P., Mathur, S., Miglio, A., Molenda-Zakowicz, J., Mosser, B., Murphy, S. J., Regulo, C., Ripepi, V., Salabert, D., Sousa, S., Stello, D., & Uytterhoeven, K. Detection of Solar-Like Oscillations, Observational Constraints, and Stellar Models for θ Cyg, the Brightest Star Observed by the Kepler Mission. United States. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/17.
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Guzik, Joyce Ann, Houdek, G., Chaplin, W. J., Smalley, B., Kurtz, D. W., Gilliland, R. L., Mullally, F., Rowe, J. F., Bryson, S. T., Still, M. D., Antoci, V., Appourchaux, T., Basu, S., Bedding, T.R., Benomar, O., Garcia, R.A., Huber, D., Kjeldsen, H., Latham, D., Metcalfe, T. S., Papics, P. I., White, T. R., Aerts, C., Ballot, J., Boyajian, T.S., Briquet, M., Bruntt, H., Buchhave, L.A., Campante, T.L., Catanzaro, G., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Davies, G.R., Dogan, G., Dragomir, D., Doyle, A.P., Elsworth, Y., Frasca, A., Gaulme, P., Gruberbauer, M., Handberg, R., Hekker, S., Karoff, C., Lehmann, H., Mathias, P., Mathur, S., Miglio, A., Molenda-Zakowicz, J., Mosser, B., Murphy, S. J., Regulo, C., Ripepi, V., Salabert, D., Sousa, S., Stello, D., and Uytterhoeven, K. Fri . "Detection of Solar-Like Oscillations, Observational Constraints, and Stellar Models for θ Cyg, the Brightest Star Observed by the Kepler Mission". United States. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/17. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1345147.
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@article{osti_1345147,
title = {Detection of Solar-Like Oscillations, Observational Constraints, and Stellar Models for θ Cyg, the Brightest Star Observed by the Kepler Mission},
author = {Guzik, Joyce Ann and Houdek, G. and Chaplin, W. J. and Smalley, B. and Kurtz, D. W. and Gilliland, R. L. and Mullally, F. and Rowe, J. F. and Bryson, S. T. and Still, M. D. and Antoci, V. and Appourchaux, T. and Basu, S. and Bedding, T.R. and Benomar, O. and Garcia, R.A. and Huber, D. and Kjeldsen, H. and Latham, D. and Metcalfe, T. S. and Papics, P. I. and White, T. R. and Aerts, C. and Ballot, J. and Boyajian, T.S. and Briquet, M. and Bruntt, H. and Buchhave, L.A. and Campante, T.L. and Catanzaro, G. and Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. and Davies, G.R. and Dogan, G. and Dragomir, D. and Doyle, A.P. and Elsworth, Y. and Frasca, A. and Gaulme, P. and Gruberbauer, M. and Handberg, R. and Hekker, S. and Karoff, C. and Lehmann, H. and Mathias, P. and Mathur, S. and Miglio, A. and Molenda-Zakowicz, J. and Mosser, B. and Murphy, S. J. and Regulo, C. and Ripepi, V. and Salabert, D. and Sousa, S. and Stello, D. and Uytterhoeven, K.},
abstractNote = {θ Cygni is an F3 spectral type magnitude V = 4.48 main-sequence star that was the brightest star observed by the original Kepler spacecraft mission. Short-cadence (58.8 s) photometric data using a custom aperture were first obtained during Quarter 6 (2010 June–September) and subsequently in Quarters 8 and 12–17. We present analyses of solar-like oscillations based on Q6 and Q8 data, identifying angular degree l = 0, 1, and 2 modes with frequencies of 1000–2700 μHz, a large frequency separation of 83.9 ± 0.4 μHz, and maximum oscillation amplitude at frequency νmax = 1829 ± 54 μHz. We also present analyses of new ground-based spectroscopic observations, which, combined with interferometric angular diameter measurements, give T eff = 6697 ± 78 K, radius 1.49 ± 0.03 R ⊙, [Fe/H] = $-$0.02 ± 0.06 dex, and log g = 4.23 ± 0.03. We calculate stellar models matching these constraints using the Yale Rotating Evolution Code and the Asteroseismic Modeling Portal. The best-fit models have masses of 1.35–1.39 M ⊙ and ages of 1.0–1.6 Gyr. θ Cyg's T eff and log g place it cooler than the red edge of the γ Doradus instability region established from pre-Kepler ground-based observations, but just at the red edge derived from pulsation modeling. Lastly, the pulsation models show γ Dor gravity modes driven by the convective blocking mechanism, with frequencies of 1–3 cycles per day (11 to 33 μHz). However, gravity modes were not seen in Kepler data; one signal at 1.776 cycles per day (20.56 μHz) may be attributable to a faint, possibly background, binary.},
doi = {10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/17},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 831,
place = {United States},
year = {2016},
month = {10}
}
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Can Enhanced Diffusion Improve Helioseismic Agreement for Solar Models with Revised Abundances?
journal, July 2005

  • Guzik, Joyce A.; Watson, L. Scott; Cox, Arthur N.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 627, Issue 2
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KIC 4544587: an eccentric, short-period binary system with δ Sct pulsations and tidally excited modes
journal, July 2013

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Bayesian peak-bagging of solar-like oscillators using MCMC: a comprehensive guide
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The Octave (Birmingham-Sheffield Hallam) automated pipeline for extracting oscillation parameters of solar-like main-sequence stars
journal, March 2010

The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood: III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
journal, May 2009

Stellar turbulence and mode physics
journal, December 2009

The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early Results
journal, April 2014

  • Howell, Steve B.; Sobeck, Charlie; Haas, Michael
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TESTING SCALING RELATIONS FOR SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS FROM THE MAIN SEQUENCE TO RED GIANTS USING KEPLER DATA
journal, December 2011

Updated Opal Opacities
journal, June 1996

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Evidence for Granulation in Early A-Type Stars
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KIC 10080943: a binary star with two γ Doradus/δ Scuti hybrid pulsators. Analysis of the g modes
journal, October 2015

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Correcting Stellar Oscillation Frequencies for Near-Surface Effects
journal, July 2008

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Kepler photometry of the prototypical Blazhko star RR Lyr: an old friend seen in a new light: Kepler photometry of the Blazhko star RR Lyr
journal, November 2010

VALD–2: Progress of the Vienna Atomic Line Data Base
journal, July 1999

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STELIB: A library of stellar spectra at ${\vec R}\sim2000$
journal, April 2003

Spectral analysis of Kepler SPB and β  Cephei candidate stars
journal, January 2011

Period04 User Guide
journal, January 2004

A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0."15 (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)
journal, March 2005

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  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 129, Issue 3
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A new interferometric study of four exoplanet host stars: θ  Cygni, 14 Andromedae, υ Andromedae and 42 Draconis
journal, August 2012

Evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars: II. Optical to far-infrared isochrones with improved TP-AGB models
journal, March 2008

The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog
journal, December 2001

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The solar-like CoRoT target HD 170987: spectroscopic and seismic observations
journal, July 2010

Determining global parameters of the oscillations of solar-like stars
journal, February 2010

SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS IN KIC 11395018 AND KIC 11234888 FROM 8 MONTHS OF KEPLER DATA
journal, May 2011

GRANULATION IN RED GIANTS: OBSERVATIONS BY THE KEPLER MISSION AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION SIMULATIONS
journal, October 2011

A UNIFORM ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS OF 22 SOLAR-TYPE STARS OBSERVED BY KEPLER
journal, April 2012

Beryllium in f- and G-Type Dwarfs
journal, January 1966

  • Merchant, Ann E.
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ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF THE SOLAR ANALOGS 16 Cyg A AND B FROM KEPLER OBSERVATIONS
journal, February 2012

A STELLAR MODEL-FITTING PIPELINE FOR ASTEROSEISMIC DATA FROM THE KEPLER MISSION
journal, June 2009

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ASTEROSEISMIC MODELING OF 16 Cyg A & B USING THE COMPLETE KEPLER DATA SET
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  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 811, Issue 2
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PROPERTIES OF 42 SOLAR-TYPE KEPLER TARGETS FROM THE ASTEROSEISMIC MODELING PORTAL
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A Precise Asteroseismic age and Radius for the Evolved Sun-Like star kic 11026764
journal, October 2010

Characterizing Kepler asteroseismic targets★: Characterizing Kepler asteroseismic targets
journal, January 2011

Atmospheric parameters of 169 F-, G-, K- and M-type stars in the Kepler field★
journal, July 2013

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On detecting the large separation in the autocorrelation of stellar oscillation times series
journal, November 2009

Short-lived spots in solar-like stars as observed by CoRoT
journal, July 2009

Asymptotic and measured large frequency separations
journal, February 2013

Near-uniform internal rotation of the main-sequence γ Doradus pulsator KIC 7661054
journal, March 2016

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Spectroscopic survey of Kepler stars.★ I. HERMES/Mercator observations of A- and F-type stars
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Nonradial, nonadiabatic stellar pulsations
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Automatic Determination of Stellar Parameters via Asteroseismology of Stochastically Oscillating Stars: Comparison with Direct Measurements
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HERMES: a high-resolution fibre-fed spectrograph for the Mercator telescope
journal, December 2010

Estimating stellar mean density through seismic inversions
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Updated and Expanded OPAL Equation‐of‐State Tables: Implications for Helioseismology
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The ratio of small to large separations of acoustic oscillations as a diagnostic of the interior of solar-like stars
journal, November 2003

Temperature behavior of elemental abundances in the atmospheres of magnetic peculiar stars
journal, June 2005

Line-by-line opacity stellar model atmospheres
journal, December 2004

Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology
journal, July 2015

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Surface-effect corrections for solar-like oscillations using 3D hydrodynamical simulations: I. Adiabatic oscillations
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A new code for automatic determination of equivalent widths: Automatic Routine for line Equivalent widths in stellar Spectra (ARES)
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Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program: Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes
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AMPLITUDES OF SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS: CONSTRAINTS FROM RED GIANTS IN OPEN CLUSTERS OBSERVED BY KEPLER
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Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets. II. Physical Properties of ∼1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog
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A CLASS OF ECCENTRIC BINARIES WITH DYNAMIC TIDAL DISTORTIONS DISCOVERED WITH KEPLER
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Improvements to stellar structure models, based on a grid of 3D convection simulations – II. Calibrating the mixing-length formulation
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Determination of stellar ages from asteroseismology
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The Kepler characterization of the variability among A- and F-type stars : I. General overview
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Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars (SPOCS). I. 1040 F, G, and K Dwarfs from Keck, Lick, and AAT Planet Search Programs
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The Palomar Testbed Interferometer Calibrator Catalog
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GRAVITY-MODE PERIOD SPACINGS AS A SEISMIC DIAGNOSTIC FOR A SAMPLE OF γ DORADUS STARS FROM KEPLER SPACE PHOTOMETRY AND HIGH-RESOLUTION GROUND-BASED SPECTROSCOPY
journal, June 2015

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Global asteroseismic properties of solar-like oscillations observed by Kepler: a comparison of complementary analysis methods: Global asteroseismic properties from Kepler
journal, June 2011

A Theoretical γ Doradus Instability Strip
journal, August 2003

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SOLVING THE MODE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM IN ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF F STARS OBSERVED WITH KEPLER
journal, May 2012

  • White, Timothy R.; Bedding, Timothy R.; Gruberbauer, Michael
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Calculating Asteroseismic Diagrams for Solar-Like Oscillations
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ASTEROSEISMIC DIAGRAMS FROM A SURVEY OF SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS WITH KEPLER
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Interferometric radii of bright Kepler stars with the CHARA Array: θ Cygni and 16 Cygni A and B
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  • White, T. R.; Huber, D.; Maestro, V.
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Proper-motions of certain long period variable stars
journal, June 1924

  • Young, A. S.; Farnsworth, A. H.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 35
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