Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces

Li, Zhen; Mercado, Candy C.; Yang, Mengjin; Palay, Ethan; Zhu, Kai

doi:10.1039/C6CC10315D

Title: Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces

Abstract

Here, the flat band potentials and carrier densities of spin coated and sprayed MAPbI₃, FA_0.85Cs_0.15PbI₃, and MAPbBr₃ perovskite films were determined using the Mott-Schottky relation. The films developed a space charge layer and exhibited p-type conduction with carrier concentration ~ 10¹⁶ cm^-3 for spin coated films. Electrochemical impedance spectra showed typical space charge impedance at frequencies > 1 kHz with increasing capacitance < 1 kHz owing to an ion diffusion component.

Authors:

^[1]; Mercado, Candy C. ^[2]; Yang, Mengjin ^[1]; Palay, Ethan ^[1]; Zhu, Kai ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Publication Date:: 2017-01-31

Research Org.:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1345114

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-67853
Journal ID: ISSN 1359-7345; CHCOFS

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ChemComm

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 16; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-7345

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; perovskites; organic-inorganic; solar cells; optoelectronics

Citation Formats


                    Li, Zhen, Mercado, Candy C., Yang, Mengjin, Palay, Ethan, and Zhu, Kai. Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1039/C6CC10315D.

Copy to clipboard


                    Li, Zhen, Mercado, Candy C., Yang, Mengjin, Palay, Ethan, & Zhu, Kai. Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC10315D

Copy to clipboard


                    Li, Zhen, Mercado, Candy C., Yang, Mengjin, Palay, Ethan, and Zhu, Kai. Tue .  
"Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC10315D.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1345114.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1345114,

  title        = {Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces},

  author       = {Li, Zhen and Mercado, Candy C. and Yang, Mengjin and Palay, Ethan and Zhu, Kai},

  abstractNote = {Here, the flat band potentials and carrier densities of spin coated and sprayed MAPbI3, FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3, and MAPbBr3 perovskite films were determined using the Mott-Schottky relation. The films developed a space charge layer and exhibited p-type conduction with carrier concentration ~ 1016 cm-3 for spin coated films. Electrochemical impedance spectra showed typical space charge impedance at frequencies > 1 kHz with increasing capacitance < 1 kHz owing to an ion diffusion component.},

  doi          = {10.1039/C6CC10315D},

  journal      = {ChemComm},

  number       = 16,

  volume       = 53,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {1}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC10315D

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 3 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Chemical Management for Colorful, Efficient, and Stable Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Solar Cells
journal, March 2013

Noh, Jun Hong; Im, Sang Hyuk; Heo, Jin Hyuck
Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 4, p. 1764-1769
DOI: 10.1021/nl400349b

Low-temperature solution-processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing
journal, March 2014

Xing, Guichuan; Mathews, Nripan; Lim, Swee Sien
Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3911

Interface energetics in organo-metal halide perovskite-based photovoltaic cells
journal, January 2014

Schulz, Philip; Edri, Eran; Kirmayer, Saar
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1039/c4ee00168k

Chloride Inclusion and Hole Transport Material Doping to Improve Methyl Ammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite-Based High Open-Circuit Voltage Solar Cells
journal, January 2014

Edri, Eran; Kirmayer, Saar; Kulbak, Michael
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3, p. 429-433
DOI: 10.1021/jz402706q

Metabolic coupling of two small-molecule thiols programs the biosynthesis of lincomycin A
journal, January 2015

Zhao, Qunfei; Wang, Min; Xu, Dongxiao
Nature, Vol. 518, Issue 7537
DOI: 10.1038/nature14137

Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements
journal, September 1980

Gagne, Robert R.; Koval, Carl A.; Lisensky, George C.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/ic50211a080

Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals
journal, January 2015

Shi, D.; Adinolfi, V.; Comin, R.
Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6221
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2725

Optical properties and limiting photocurrent of thin-film perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2015

Ball, James M.; Stranks, Samuel D.; Hörantner, Maximilian T.
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1039/C4EE03224A

Targeting Ideal Dual-Absorber Tandem Water Splitting Using Perovskite Photovoltaics and CuIn _x Ga _{1- x} Se ₂ Photocathodes
journal, October 2015

Luo, Jingshan; Li, Zhen; Nishiwaki, Shiro
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501520

On the determination of the flat-band potential of a semiconductor in contact with a metal or an electrolyte from the Mott-Schottky plot
journal, March 1978

Cardon, F.; Gomes, W. P.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/11/4/003

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009

Kojima, Akihiro; Teshima, Kenjiro; Shirai, Yasuo
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 17, p. 6050-6051
DOI: 10.1021/ja809598r

Nanowire Perovskite Solar Cell
journal, February 2015

Im, Jeong-Hyeok; Luo, Jingshan; Franckevičius, Marius
Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00046

Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity
journal, November 2014

Dou, Letian; Yang, Yang (Micheal); You, Jingbi
Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6404

Assessment of polyanion (BF ₄ ⁻ and PF ₆ ⁻ ) substitutions in hybrid halide perovskites
journal, January 2015

Hendon, Christopher H.; Yang, Ruo Xi; Burton, Lee A.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1039/C4TA05284F

Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes
journal, December 2015

Cho, H.; Jeong, S. -H.; Park, M. -H.
Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6265
DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1818

Giant switchable photovoltaic effect in organometal trihalide perovskite devices
journal, December 2014

Xiao, Zhengguo; Yuan, Yongbo; Shao, Yuchuan
Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1038/nmat4150

Photoelectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
journal, January 1991

Song, Herking
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1149/1.2085796

Electronic and optical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide films
journal, January 1998

Rakhshani, A. E.; Makdisi, Y.; Ramazaniyan, H. A.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1063/1.366796

Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber
journal, October 2013

Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G.
Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6156, p. 341-344
DOI: 10.1126/science.1243982

Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH₃NH₃PbI₃
journal, October 2013

Xing, G.; Mathews, N.; Sun, S.
Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6156, p. 344-347
DOI: 10.1126/science.1243167

Electrical and optical properties of porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films
journal, August 1995

Cao, Fei; Oskam, Gerko; Searson, Peter C.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 99, Issue 31
DOI: 10.1021/j100031a027

Flat-Band Potential of a Semiconductor: Using the Mott–Schottky Equation
journal, April 2007

Gelderman, K.; Lee, L.; Donne, S. W.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 84, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/ed084p685

Dielectric relaxation in solids
journal, January 1999

Jonscher, Andrew K.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 32, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/32/14/201

Theory of the electrochemical impedance of anomalous diffusion
journal, February 2001

Bisquert, Juan; Compte, Albert
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 499, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00497-6

General Working Principles of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbX ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, January 2014

Gonzalez-Pedro, Victoria; Juarez-Perez, Emilio J.; Arsyad, Waode-Sukmawati
Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/nl404252e

Impedance spectroscopic study on well-defined (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3−δ model electrodes
journal, April 2006

Baumann, F.; Fleig, J.; Habermeier, H.
Solid State Ionics, Vol. 177, Issue 11-12
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.02.045

Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2016

Pazos-Outon, L. M.; Szumilo, M.; Lamboll, R.
Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6280
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1168

Qualifying composition dependent p and n self-doping in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃
journal, October 2014

Wang, Qi; Shao, Yuchuan; Xie, Haipeng
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1063/1.4899051

Physical Theory of Semiconductor Surfaces
journal, July 1955

Garrett, C. G. B.; Brattain, W. H.
Physical Review, Vol. 99, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.99.376

Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanometer-Scale Thin-Film Anatase TiO[sub 2]
journal, January 1997

van de Krol, R.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1149/1.1837668

A perovskite cell with a record-high-V _oc of 1.61 V based on solvent annealed CH ₃ NH ₃ PbBr ₃ /ICBA active layer
journal, January 2016

Wu, Chun-Guey; Chiang, Chien-Hung; Chang, Sheng Hsiung
Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1039/C5NR07739G

Polymer/Perovskite Amplifying Waveguides for Active Hybrid Silicon Photonics
journal, August 2015

Suárez, Isaac; Juárez-Pérez, Emilio J.; Bisquert, Juan
Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 40
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503245

Unique Properties of Halide Perovskites as Possible Origins of the Superior Solar Cell Performance
journal, May 2014

Yin, Wan-Jian; Shi, Tingting; Yan, Yanfa
Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 27
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306281

A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells
journal, January 2016

McMeekin, D. P.; Sadoughi, G.; Rehman, W.
Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6269
DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5845

Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ single crystals
journal, January 2015

Dong, Qingfeng; Fang, Yanjun; Shao, Yuchuan
Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6225
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5760

On the Interpretation of Mott-Schottky Plots Determined at Semiconductor/Electrolyte Systems
journal, January 1975

De Gryse, R.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 122, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1149/1.2134298

Carbon nanotubes as an efficient hole collector for high voltage methylammonium lead bromide perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

Li, Zhen; Boix, Pablo P.; Xing, Guichuan
Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1039/C5NR06177F

Organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic and electronic applications
journal, January 2016

Zhao, Yixin; Zhu, Kai
Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 45, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1039/C4CS00458B

Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanoporous Semiconductor Electrodes in Dielectric State Deposited on SnO[sub 2](F) Conducting Substrates
journal, January 2003

Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Garcia-Belmonte, Germà; Bisquert, Juan
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1149/1.1568741

The Significance of Ion Conduction in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Lead-Iodide-Based Perovskite Photosensitizer
journal, May 2015

Yang, Tae-Youl; Gregori, Giuliano; Pellet, Norman
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 27
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500014

A Liquid Junction Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Based on p-Type MeNH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite with 1.05 V Open-Circuit Photovoltage
journal, November 2015

Hsu, Hsien-Yi; Ji, Li; Ahn, Hyun S.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 46
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09758

Analysis of Electrodes Displaying Frequency Dispersion in Mott-Schottky Tests
journal, January 2008

Harrington, Scott P.; Devine, Thomas M.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 155, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1149/1.2929819

Works referencing / citing this record:

Ammonium Fluoride Interface Modification for High‐Performance and Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2019

Zhu, Qianjin; Wu, Jihuai; Yuan, Pengqiang
Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/ente.201901017

Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module
journal, November 2018

Bu, Tongle; Li, Jing; Zheng, Fei
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07099-9

Surface modification via self-assembling large cations for improved performance and modulated hysteresis of perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2019

Bu, Tongle; Li, Jing; Huang, Wenchao
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1039/c8ta12284a

Isopropanol-assisted synthesis of highly stable MAPbBr ₃ /p-g-C ₃ N ₄ intergrowth composite photocatalysts and their interfacial charge carrier dynamics
journal, January 2020

Wang, Qun; Yu, Sicao; Qin, Wei
Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1039/c9na00634f

Tuning the band gap of hybrid lead free defect perovskite nano crystals for solar cell applications
journal, January 2019

Ganesan, R.; Vinodhini, S. P.; Balasubramani, V.
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 38
DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03902c

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Impact of Humidity and Temperature on the Stability of the Optical Properties and Structure of MAPbI3, MA0.7FA0.3PbI3 and (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 Perovskite Thin Films

Journal Article Tumusange, Marie Solange ; Subedi, Biwas ; Chen, Cong ; ... - Materials

In situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) measurements have been conducted on MAPbI₃, MA_0.7FA_0.3PbI₃, and (FAPbI₃)_0.95(MAPbBr₃)_0.05 perovskite thin films when exposed to different levels of relative humidity at given temperatures over time. Analysis of RTSE measurements track changes in the complex dielectric function spectra and structure, which indicate variations in stability influenced by the underlying material, preparation method, and perovskite composition. MAPbI₃ and MA_0.7FA_0.3PbI₃ films deposited on commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass are more stable than corresponding films deposited on soda lime glass directly. (FAPbI₃)_0.95(MAPbBr₃)_0.05 films on soda lime glass showed improved stability over the other compositions regardless of themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14144054
Nanoscale Photoexcited Carrier Dynamics in Perovskites

Journal Article Berweger, Samuel ; Zhang, Fei ; Larson, Bryon W. ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

The optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskite thin films can be tuned through compositional variations and strain, but the associated nanocrystalline structure makes it difficult to untangle the link between composition, processing conditions, and ultimately material properties and degradation. Here, we study the effect of processing conditions and degradation on the local photoconductivity dynamics in [(CsPbI₃)_0.05(FAPbI₃)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15] and (FA_0.7Cs_0.3PbI₃) perovskite thin films using temporally and spectrally resolved microwave near-field microscopy with a temporal resolution as high as 5 ns and a spatial resolution better than 50 nm. For the latter FACs formulation, we find a clear effect of the process annealingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00233

Full Text Available
Impact of Processing on Structural and Compositional Evolution in Mixed Metal Halide Perovskites during Film Formation

Journal Article Abdelsamie, Maged ; Xu, Junwei ; Bruening, Karsten ; ... - Advanced Functional Materials

Understanding crystallization processes and their pathways in metal-halide perovskites is of crucial importance as this strongly affects the film microstructure, its stability, and device performance. While many approaches are developed to control perovskite formation, the mechanisms of film formation are still poorly known. Using time-resolved in situ grazing incidence wideangle X-ray scattering, the film formation of perovskites is investigated with average stoichiometry Cs_0.15FA_0.85PbI₃, where FA is formamidinium, using the popular antisolvent dropping and gas jet treatments and this is contrasted with untreated films. i) The crystallization pathways during spin coating, ii) the subsequent postdeposition thermal annealing, and iii) crystallization duringmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202001752

Full Text Available
Exploring Anomalous Polarization Dynamics in Organometallic Halide Perovskites

Journal Article Ahmadi, Mahshid ; Collins, Liam ; Puretzky, Alexander ; ... - Advanced Materials

Organometallic halide perovskites (OMHPs) have attracted broad attention as prospective materials for optoelectronic applications. Among the many anomalous properties of these materials, of special interest are the ferroelectric properties including both classical and relaxor-like components, as a potential origin of slow dynamics, field enhancement, and anomalous mobilities. Here, ferroelectric properties of the three representative OMHPs are explored, including FAPb_xSn_1–xI₃ (x = 0, x = 0.85) and FA_0.85MA_0.15PbI₃ using band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy and contact mode Kelvin probe force microscopy, providing insight into long- and short-range dipole and charge dynamics in these materials and probing ferroelectric density of states. Furthermore,more »« less
Cited by 7
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705298

Full Text Available
Experimental investigation of the effect of indium content on the CuIn{sub 5}S{sub 8} electrodes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Journal Article Gannouni, M., E-mail: gm_mounir@yahoo.fr ; Assaker, I. Ben ; Chtourou, R. - Materials Research Bulletin

This paper reports on the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the electrochemical behavior of spinel CuIn{sub 5}S{sub 8}/electrolyte interface. The CuIn{sub 5}S{sub 8} spinel films have been potentiostatically deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. CuCl{sub 2} and InCl{sub 3} mixed solutions with different [Cu]/[In] ratios were used as cation precursor and Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 3} as the anion precursor in acidic solution and at room temperature. The effect of the [Cu]/[In] ratio in the precursor solution on the structural, chemical stoichiometry, and morphological properties of prepared samples, as well as the electrochemical behavior of the CuIn{submore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2014.10.070

Similar Records

Title: Electrochemical impedance analysis of perovskite–electrolyte interfaces

Abstract

Citation Formats

Chemical Management for Colorful, Efficient, and Stable Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Solar Cells journal, March 2013

Low-temperature solution-processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing journal, March 2014

Interface energetics in organo-metal halide perovskite-based photovoltaic cells journal, January 2014

Chloride Inclusion and Hole Transport Material Doping to Improve Methyl Ammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite-Based High Open-Circuit Voltage Solar Cells journal, January 2014

Metabolic coupling of two small-molecule thiols programs the biosynthesis of lincomycin A journal, January 2015

Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements journal, September 1980

Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals journal, January 2015

Optical properties and limiting photocurrent of thin-film perovskite solar cells journal, January 2015

Targeting Ideal Dual-Absorber Tandem Water Splitting Using Perovskite Photovoltaics and CuIn x Ga 1- x Se 2 Photocathodes journal, October 2015

On the determination of the flat-band potential of a semiconductor in contact with a metal or an electrolyte from the Mott-Schottky plot journal, March 1978

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells journal, May 2009

Nanowire Perovskite Solar Cell journal, February 2015

Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity journal, November 2014

Assessment of polyanion (BF 4 − and PF 6 − ) substitutions in hybrid halide perovskites journal, January 2015

Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes journal, December 2015

Giant switchable photovoltaic effect in organometal trihalide perovskite devices journal, December 2014

Photoelectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy journal, January 1991

Electronic and optical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide films journal, January 1998

Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber journal, October 2013

Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH3NH3PbI3 journal, October 2013

Electrical and optical properties of porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films journal, August 1995

Flat-Band Potential of a Semiconductor: Using the Mott–Schottky Equation journal, April 2007

Dielectric relaxation in solids journal, January 1999

Theory of the electrochemical impedance of anomalous diffusion journal, February 2001

General Working Principles of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 Perovskite Solar Cells journal, January 2014

Impedance spectroscopic study on well-defined (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3−δ model electrodes journal, April 2006

Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells journal, March 2016

Qualifying composition dependent p and n self-doping in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 journal, October 2014

Physical Theory of Semiconductor Surfaces journal, July 1955

Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanometer-Scale Thin-Film Anatase TiO[sub 2] journal, January 1997

A perovskite cell with a record-high-V oc of 1.61 V based on solvent annealed CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 /ICBA active layer journal, January 2016

Polymer/Perovskite Amplifying Waveguides for Active Hybrid Silicon Photonics journal, August 2015

Unique Properties of Halide Perovskites as Possible Origins of the Superior Solar Cell Performance journal, May 2014

A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells journal, January 2016

Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 single crystals journal, January 2015

On the Interpretation of Mott-Schottky Plots Determined at Semiconductor/Electrolyte Systems journal, January 1975

Carbon nanotubes as an efficient hole collector for high voltage methylammonium lead bromide perovskite solar cells journal, January 2016

Organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic and electronic applications journal, January 2016

Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanoporous Semiconductor Electrodes in Dielectric State Deposited on SnO[sub 2](F) Conducting Substrates journal, January 2003

The Significance of Ion Conduction in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Lead-Iodide-Based Perovskite Photosensitizer journal, May 2015

A Liquid Junction Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Based on p-Type MeNH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite with 1.05 V Open-Circuit Photovoltage journal, November 2015

Analysis of Electrodes Displaying Frequency Dispersion in Mott-Schottky Tests journal, January 2008

Ammonium Fluoride Interface Modification for High‐Performance and Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells journal, September 2019

Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module journal, November 2018

Surface modification via self-assembling large cations for improved performance and modulated hysteresis of perovskite solar cells journal, January 2019

Isopropanol-assisted synthesis of highly stable MAPbBr 3 /p-g-C 3 N 4 intergrowth composite photocatalysts and their interfacial charge carrier dynamics journal, January 2020

Tuning the band gap of hybrid lead free defect perovskite nano crystals for solar cell applications journal, January 2019

Chemical Management for Colorful, Efficient, and Stable Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Solar Cells
journal, March 2013

Low-temperature solution-processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing
journal, March 2014

Interface energetics in organo-metal halide perovskite-based photovoltaic cells
journal, January 2014

Chloride Inclusion and Hole Transport Material Doping to Improve Methyl Ammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite-Based High Open-Circuit Voltage Solar Cells
journal, January 2014

Metabolic coupling of two small-molecule thiols programs the biosynthesis of lincomycin A
journal, January 2015

Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements
journal, September 1980

Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals
journal, January 2015

Optical properties and limiting photocurrent of thin-film perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2015

Targeting Ideal Dual-Absorber Tandem Water Splitting Using Perovskite Photovoltaics and CuIn _x Ga _{1- x} Se ₂ Photocathodes
journal, October 2015

On the determination of the flat-band potential of a semiconductor in contact with a metal or an electrolyte from the Mott-Schottky plot
journal, March 1978

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009

Nanowire Perovskite Solar Cell
journal, February 2015

Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity
journal, November 2014

Assessment of polyanion (BF ₄ ⁻ and PF ₆ ⁻ ) substitutions in hybrid halide perovskites
journal, January 2015

Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes
journal, December 2015

Giant switchable photovoltaic effect in organometal trihalide perovskite devices
journal, December 2014

Photoelectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
journal, January 1991

Electronic and optical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide films
journal, January 1998

Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber
journal, October 2013

Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH₃NH₃PbI₃
journal, October 2013

Electrical and optical properties of porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films
journal, August 1995

Flat-Band Potential of a Semiconductor: Using the Mott–Schottky Equation
journal, April 2007

Dielectric relaxation in solids
journal, January 1999

Theory of the electrochemical impedance of anomalous diffusion
journal, February 2001

General Working Principles of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbX ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, January 2014

Impedance spectroscopic study on well-defined (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3−δ model electrodes
journal, April 2006

Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2016

Qualifying composition dependent p and n self-doping in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃
journal, October 2014

Physical Theory of Semiconductor Surfaces
journal, July 1955

Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanometer-Scale Thin-Film Anatase TiO[sub 2]
journal, January 1997

A perovskite cell with a record-high-V _oc of 1.61 V based on solvent annealed CH ₃ NH ₃ PbBr ₃ /ICBA active layer
journal, January 2016

Polymer/Perovskite Amplifying Waveguides for Active Hybrid Silicon Photonics
journal, August 2015

Unique Properties of Halide Perovskites as Possible Origins of the Superior Solar Cell Performance
journal, May 2014

A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells
journal, January 2016

Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ single crystals
journal, January 2015

On the Interpretation of Mott-Schottky Plots Determined at Semiconductor/Electrolyte Systems
journal, January 1975

Carbon nanotubes as an efficient hole collector for high voltage methylammonium lead bromide perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

Organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic and electronic applications
journal, January 2016

Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanoporous Semiconductor Electrodes in Dielectric State Deposited on SnO[sub 2](F) Conducting Substrates
journal, January 2003

The Significance of Ion Conduction in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Lead-Iodide-Based Perovskite Photosensitizer
journal, May 2015

A Liquid Junction Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Based on p-Type MeNH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite with 1.05 V Open-Circuit Photovoltage
journal, November 2015

Analysis of Electrodes Displaying Frequency Dispersion in Mott-Schottky Tests
journal, January 2008

Ammonium Fluoride Interface Modification for High‐Performance and Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2019

Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module
journal, November 2018

Surface modification via self-assembling large cations for improved performance and modulated hysteresis of perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2019

Isopropanol-assisted synthesis of highly stable MAPbBr ₃ /p-g-C ₃ N ₄ intergrowth composite photocatalysts and their interfacial charge carrier dynamics
journal, January 2020

Tuning the band gap of hybrid lead free defect perovskite nano crystals for solar cell applications
journal, January 2019