Stable electrolyte for high voltage electrochemical double-layer capacitors

Ruther, Rose E.; Sun, Che -Nan; Holliday, Adam; Cheng, Shiwang; Delnick, Frank M.; Zawodzinski, Thomas A.; Nanda, Jagjit

doi:10.1149/2.0951702jes

Title: Stable electrolyte for high voltage electrochemical double-layer capacitors

Journal Article · 28 December 2016 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0951702jes · OSTI ID:1342683

Ruther, Rose E. ^[1]; Sun, Che -Nan ^[2]; Holliday, Adam ^[1]; Cheng, Shiwang ^[1]; Delnick, Frank M. ^[1]; Zawodzinski, Thomas A. ^[3]; Nanda, Jagjit ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Electrosynthesis Co., Lancaster, NY (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

A simple electrolyte consisting of NaPF₆ salt in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) can extend the voltage window of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) to >3.5 V. DME does not passivate carbon electrodes at very negative potentials (near Na/Na⁺), extending the practical voltage window by about 1.0 V compared to standard, non-aqueous electrolytes based on acetonitrile. The voltage window is demonstrated in two- and three-electrode cells using a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge-discharge cycling, and measurements of leakage current. DME-based electrolytes cannot match the high conductivity of acetonitrile solutions, but they can satisfy applications that demand high energy density at moderate power. The conductivity of NaPF₆ in DME is comparable to commercial lithium-ion battery electrolytes and superior to most ionic liquids. Lastly, factors that limit the voltage window and EDLC energy density are discussed, and strategies to further boost energy density are proposed.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1342683

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 2; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 20 works

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