Stable electrolyte for high voltage electrochemical double-layer capacitors

Ruther, Rose E.; Sun, Che -Nan; Holliday, Adam; Cheng, Shiwang; Delnick, Frank M.; Zawodzinski, Thomas A.; Nanda, Jagjit

doi:10.1149/2.0951702jes

Title: Stable electrolyte for high voltage electrochemical double-layer capacitors

Journal Article · 27 December 2016 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0951702jes · OSTI ID:1342683

Ruther, Rose E. ^[1]; Sun, Che -Nan ^[2]; Holliday, Adam ^[1]; Cheng, Shiwang ^[1]; Delnick, Frank M. ^[1]; Zawodzinski, Thomas A. ^[3]; Nanda, Jagjit ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Electrosynthesis Co., Lancaster, NY (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

A simple electrolyte consisting of NaPF₆ salt in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) can extend the voltage window of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) to >3.5 V. DME does not passivate carbon electrodes at very negative potentials (near Na/Na⁺), extending the practical voltage window by about 1.0 V compared to standard, non-aqueous electrolytes based on acetonitrile. The voltage window is demonstrated in two- and three-electrode cells using a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge-discharge cycling, and measurements of leakage current. DME-based electrolytes cannot match the high conductivity of acetonitrile solutions, but they can satisfy applications that demand high energy density at moderate power. The conductivity of NaPF₆ in DME is comparable to commercial lithium-ion battery electrolytes and superior to most ionic liquids. Lastly, factors that limit the voltage window and EDLC energy density are discussed, and strategies to further boost energy density are proposed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1342683

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 164; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (71)

Carbons and Electrolytes for Advanced Supercapacitors Béguin, François; Presser, Volker; Balducci, Andrea Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 14, p. 2219-2251 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304137	journal	February 2014
Carbonized Chicken Eggshell Membranes with 3D Architectures as High-Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors Li, Zhi; Zhang, Li; Amirkhiz, Babak Shalchi Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100548	journal	March 2012
Electrochemical Supercapacitors Conway, B. E. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3058-6	book	January 1999
Double-layer and pseudocapacitance types of electrochemical capacitors and their applications to the development of hybrid devices Conway, B. E.; Pell, W. G. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 9, p. 637-644 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-003-0395-7	journal	September 2003
“Double-Salt” Electrolytes for High Voltage Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors Zhang, X.; Kühnel, R. -S.; Passerini, S. Journal of Solution Chemistry, Vol. 44, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-015-0298-0	journal	January 2015
The electrochemical behaviour of tetrahydrofuran and propylene carbonate without added electrolyte Campbell, S. A.; Bowes, C.; McMillan, R. S. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 284, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(90)87072-R	journal	May 1990
The electrochemistry of noble metal electrodes in aprotic organic solvents containing lithium salts Aurbach, D.; Daroux, M.; Faguy, P. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 297, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)85370-5	journal	January 1991
Conductivity of electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries Dudley, J. T.; Wilkinson, D. P.; Thomas, G. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(91)80004-H	journal	June 1991
Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors Frackowiak, Elzbieta; Béguin, François Carbon, Vol. 39, Issue 6, p. 937-950 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00183-4	journal	May 2001
Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors Kötz, R.; Carlen, M. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 45, Issue 15-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00354-6	journal	May 2000
Cellulose as a binding material in graphitic anodes for Li ion batteries: a performance and degradation study Drofenik, Jernej; Gaberscek, Miran; Dominko, Robert Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 48, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00784-3	journal	February 2003
The study of electrolyte solutions based on solvents from the “glyme” family (linear polyethers) for secondary Li battery systems Aurbach, Doron; Granot, Eran Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(96)00231-9	journal	January 1997
On the electrochemical behavior of magnesium electrodes in polar aprotic electrolyte solutions Lu, Z.; Schechter, A.; Moshkovich, M. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 466, Issue 2, p. 203-217 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(99)00146-1	journal	May 1999
Aluminum corrosion in electrolyte of Li-ion battery Zhang, S. S.; Jow, T. R. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 109, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00110-6	journal	July 2002
Diagnostic analyses for mechanisms of self-discharge of electrochemical capacitors and batteries Conway, Brian E.; Pell, W.G.; Liu, T-C. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 65, Issue 1-2, p. 53-59 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(97)02468-3	journal	March 1997
A dilatometric study of the voltage limitation of carbonaceous electrodes in aprotic EDLC type electrolytes by charge-induced strain Hahn, M.; Barbieri, O.; Gallay, R. Carbon, Vol. 44, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.05.002	journal	October 2006
Effect of surface phosphorus functionalities of activated carbons containing oxygen and nitrogen on electrochemical capacitance Hulicova-Jurcakova, Denisa; Seredych, Mykola; Lu, Gao Qing Carbon, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.02.006	journal	May 2009
Anodic stability of aluminum current collectors in an ionic liquid based on the (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion and its implication on high voltage supercapacitors Kühnel, Ruben-Simon; Reiter, Jakub; Jeong, Sangsik Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2013.11.014	journal	January 2014
Ionic liquids as electrolytes Galiński, Maciej; Lewandowski, Andrzej; Stępniak, Izabela Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 51, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.016	journal	August 2006
An in situ Raman study of the intercalation of supercapacitor-type electrolyte into microcrystalline graphite Hardwick, Laurence J.; Hahn, Matthias; Ruch, Patrick Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.053	journal	October 2006
R&D considerations for the performance and application of electrochemical capacitors Burke, Andrew Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 53, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.011	journal	December 2007
A comparison of the aging of electrochemical double layer capacitors with acetonitrile and propylene carbonate-based electrolytes at elevated voltages Ruch, P. W.; Cericola, D.; Foelske, A. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.098	journal	February 2010
Aging of electrochemical double layer capacitors with acetonitrile-based electrolyte at elevated voltages Ruch, P. W.; Cericola, D.; Foelske-Schmitz, A. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.064	journal	June 2010
NaClO4 and NaPF6 as potential non-aqueous electrolyte salts for electrical double layer capacitor application Laheäär, A.; Jänes, A.; Lust, E. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.149	journal	November 2012
1.9V aqueous carbon–carbon supercapacitors with unequal electrode capacitances Chae, Jung Hoon; Chen, George Z. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.033	journal	December 2012
Characteristics of non-aqueous quaternary solvent mixture and Na-salts based supercapacitor electrolytes in a wide temperature range Väli, R.; Laheäär, A.; Jänes, A. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.149	journal	March 2014
Ionic liquid-1,2-dimethoxyethane mixture as electrolyte for high power density supercapacitors Jänes, A.; Eskusson, J.; Thomberg, T. Journal of Energy Chemistry, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2016.02.011	journal	July 2016
Carbon–ionic liquid double-layer capacitors Lewandowski, A.; Galiński, M. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 65, Issue 2-3, p. 281-286 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.09.009	journal	March 2004
Temperature behavior and impedance fundamentals of supercapacitors Kötz, R.; Hahn, M.; Gallay, R. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 154, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.048	journal	March 2006
Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors Pandolfo, A. G.; Hollenkamp, A. F. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 157, Issue 1, p. 11-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.065	journal	June 2006
Study of styrene butadiene rubber and sodium methyl cellulose as binder for negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries Buqa, H.; Holzapfel, M.; Krumeich, F. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 161, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.073	journal	October 2006
Causes of supercapacitors ageing in organic electrolyte Azaïs, Philippe; Duclaux, Laurent; Florian, Pierre Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 171, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.001	journal	September 2007
Ageing behaviour of electrochemical double layer capacitors Bohlen, Oliver; Kowal, Julia; Sauer, Dirk Uwe Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 172, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.021	journal	October 2007
Performance and stability of electrochemical capacitor based on anthraquinone modified activated carbon Pognon, Grégory; Brousse, Thierry; Demarconnay, Laurent Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.097	journal	April 2011
Ageing of electrochemical double layer capacitors Bittner, A. M.; Zhu, M.; Yang, Y. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.083	journal	April 2012
Adiponitrile-based electrochemical double layer capacitor Brandt, A.; Isken, P.; Lex-Balducci, A. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.12.025	journal	April 2012
Suppression of aluminum current collector corrosion in ionic liquid containing electrolytes Kühnel, Ruben-Simon; Lübke, Mechthild; Winter, Martin Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.054	journal	September 2012
Cycle versus voltage hold – Which is the better stability test for electrochemical double layer capacitors? Weingarth, D.; Foelske-Schmitz, A.; Kötz, R. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 225 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.019	journal	March 2013
The effect of different binders on electrochemical properties of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material in lithium ion batteries Xu, Jiantie; Chou, Shu-Lei; Gu, Qin-fen Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 225 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.033	journal	March 2013
Electrochemical activity of carbon blacks in LiPF6-based organic electrolytes Syzdek, Jarosław; Marcinek, Marek; Kostecki, Robert Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.033	journal	January 2014
Comparison of the anodic behavior of aluminum current collectors in imide-based ionic liquids and consequences on the stability of high voltage supercapacitors Kühnel, Ruben-Simon; Balducci, Andrea Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 249 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.072	journal	March 2014
Mesoporous anhydrous RuO2 as a supercapacitor electrode material Subramanian, V. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 175, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.01.070	journal	November 2004
Charge Storage Mechanism of MnO ₂ Electrode Used in Aqueous Electrochemical Capacitor Toupin, Mathieu; Brousse, Thierry; Bélanger, Daniel Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm049649j	journal	August 2004
What Are Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors? Winter, Martin; Brodd, Ralph J. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 104, Issue 10, p. 4245-4270 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020730k	journal	October 2004
Oxidative-Stability Enhancement and Charge Transport Mechanism in Glyme–Lithium Salt Equimolar Complexes Yoshida, Kazuki; Nakamura, Megumi; Kazue, Yuichi Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 33, p. 13121-13129 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja203983r	journal	August 2011
Density, Relative Permittivity, and Viscosity of Propylene Carbonate + Dimethoxyethane Mixtures from 25 °C to 125 °C Barthel, Josef; Neueder, Roland; Roch, Hadumar Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 45, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/je000098x	journal	November 2000
Comparison of various tetraalkylammonium salts as supporting electrolytes in organic electrochemical reactions House, Herbert O.; Feng, Edith; Peet, Norton P. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 36, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00815a038	journal	August 1971
Oxidative Stability and Initial Decomposition Reactions of Carbonate, Sulfone, and Alkyl Phosphate-Based Electrolytes Borodin, Oleg; Behl, Wishvender; Jow, T. Richard The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp400527c	journal	April 2013
Multifunctional MnO₂−Carbon Nanoarchitectures Exhibit Battery and Capacitor Characteristics in Alkaline Electrolytes Long, Jeffrey W.; Sassin, Megan B.; Fischer, Anne E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 41, p. 17595-17598 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9070696	journal	September 2009
Pulse-Gradient Spin-Echo ¹ H, ⁷ Li, and ¹⁹ F NMR Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity Measurements of 14 Organic Electrolytes Containing LiN(SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ Hayamizu, Kikuko; Aihara, Yuichi; Arai, Shigemasa The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9825664	journal	January 1999
The Study of Surface Film Formation on Noble-Metal Electrodes in Alkyl Carbonates/Li Salt Solutions, Using Simultaneous in Situ AFM, EQCM, FTIR, and EIS Aurbach, D.; Moshkovich, M.; Cohen, Y. Langmuir, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/la981275j	journal	April 1999
Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy Wang, Huanlei; Xu, Zhanwei; Kohandehghan, Alireza ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 6, p. 5131-5141 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn400731g	journal	May 2013
Materials for electrochemical capacitors Simon, Patrice; Gogotsi, Yury Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2297	journal	November 2008
Differential capacitance of the double layer at the electrode/ionic liquids interface Lockett, Vera; Horne, Mike; Sedev, Rossen Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp00170h	journal	January 2010
Unequalisation of electrode capacitances for enhanced energy capacity in asymmetrical supercapacitors Peng, Chuang; Zhang, Shengwen; Zhou, Xiaohang Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00228c	journal	January 2010
Colossal pseudocapacitance in a high functionality–high surface area carbon anode doubles the energy of an asymmetric supercapacitor Li, Zhi; Xu, Zhanwei; Wang, Huanlei Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43979h	journal	January 2014
Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage Augustyn, Veronica; Simon, Patrice; Dunn, Bruce Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee44164d	journal	January 2014
Novel NaClO4 and NaPF6 Based Non-Aqueous Electrolytes for Electrical Double Layer Capacitor Application Laheaar, A.; Janes, A.; Lust, E. ECS Transactions, Vol. 50, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1149/05043.0153ecst	journal	April 2013
The Mechanisms of Lithium and Sodium Insertion in Carbon Materials Stevens, D. A.; Dahn, J. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 148, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1379565	journal	January 2001
Electrochemical Properties of Imidazolium Salt Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitor Applications McEwen, Alan B. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1391827	journal	January 1999
Toward Reliable Values of Electrochemical Stability Limits for Electrolytes Xu, Kang Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1392609	journal	January 1999
Aluminum Corrosion in Lithium Batteries An Investigation Using the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Yang, Haesik; Kwon, Kyungjung; Devine, Thomas M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1394077	journal	January 2000
Electrochemical Properties of Organic Liquid Electrolytes Based on Quaternary Onium Salts for Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors Ue, Makoto Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 141, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2059270	journal	January 1994
Identification of Surface Films Formed on Lithium in Dimethoxyethane and Tetrahydrofuran Solutions Aurbach, D. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2096170	journal	January 1988
A Rechargeable Cell Based on a Conductive Polymer/Metal Alloy Composite Electrode Jow, T. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2096586	journal	January 1989
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Li, Jing; Lewis, R. B.; Dahn, J. R. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2398725	journal	January 2007
Degradation Responses of Activated-Carbon-Based EDLCs for Higher Voltage Operation and Their Factors Ishimoto, Shuichi; Asakawa, Yuichiro; Shinya, Masanori Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 156, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3126423	journal	January 2009
Electrolyte Systems for High Withstand Voltage and Durability I. Linear Sulfones for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Chiba, Kazumi; Ueda, Tsukasa; Yamaguchi, Yoji Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3593001	journal	January 2011
Electrolyte Systems for High Withstand Voltage and Durability II. Alkylated Cyclic Carbonates for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Chiba, Kazumi; Ueda, Tsukasa; Yamaguchi, Yoji Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.038112jes	journal	January 2011
Vinylene Carbonate as Co-Solvent for Low-Temperature Mixed Electrolyte Based Supercapacitors Väli, R.; Jänes, A.; Lust, E. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0541606jes	journal	January 2016
The Influence of Pore Structure and Surface Groups on the Performance of High Voltage Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors Containing Adiponitrile-Based Electrolyte Brandt, A.; Balducci, A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.074212jes	journal	January 2012

Cited By (5)

Simultaneous Electrochemical Dual‐Electrode Exfoliation of Graphite toward Scalable Production of High‐Quality Graphene Zhang, Yuan; Xu, Youlong Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902171	journal	July 2019
Casein‐Derived Activated Carbon: Turning Expired Milk into Active Material for Electrochemical Capacitors Schütter, Christoph; Varzi, Alberto; Lodovico, Lucas Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201901225	journal	December 2019
Towards fast-charging technologies in Li ⁺ /Na ⁺ storage: from the perspectives of pseudocapacitive materials and non-aqueous hybrid capacitors Huang, Haijian; Niederberger, Markus Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05732c	journal	January 2019
Towards fast-charging technologies in Li+/Na+ storage: from the perspectives of pseudocapacitive materials and non-aqueous hybrid capacitors Huang, Haijian; Niederberger, Markus ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000373418	text	January 2019
Casein-Derived Activated Carbon: Turning Expired Milk into Active Material for Electrochemical Capacitors Schütter, C.; Varzi, A.; Lodovico, L. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000105363	text	January 2020

Similar Records

Microscopic Insights into the Electrochemical Behavior of Nonaqueous Electrolytes in Electric Double-Layer Capacitors

Journal Article · 2012 · Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · OSTI ID:1080263

Jiang, Deen; Wu, Jianzhong

Insights into Bulk Electrolyte Effects on the Operative Voltage of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors

Journal Article · 2016 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1474944

Ray, Promit; Dohm, Sebastian; Husch, Tamara; +5 more

Microscopic Insights into the Electrochemical Behavior of Non-aqueous Electrolytes in Supercapacitors

Journal Article · 2012 · Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · OSTI ID:1072160

Jiang, Deen; Wu, Jianzhong

Related Subjects

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
double layer capacitor
electrochemical window
electrolyte
ether
glyme
high voltage
supercapacitor
voltage window

Title: Stable electrolyte for high voltage electrochemical double-layer capacitors

Citation Formats

References (71)

Cited By (5)

Similar Records

Related Subjects