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Title: Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall

Abstract

The nucleation of atmospheric vapours is an important source of new aerosol particles that can subsequently grow to form cloud condensation nuclei in the atmosphere. Most field studies of atmospheric aerosols over continents are influenced by atmospheric vapours of anthropogenic origin and, in consequence, aerosol processes in pristine, terrestrial environments remain poorly understood. The Amazon rainforest is one of the few continental regions where aerosol particles and their precursors can be studied under near-natural conditions, but the origin of small aerosol particles that grow into cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon boundary layer remains unclear. Here we present aircraft- and ground-based measurements under clean conditions during the wet season in the central Amazon basin. We find that high concentrations of small aerosol particles (with diameters of less than 50 nanometres) in the lower free troposphere are transported from the free troposphere into the boundary layer during precipitation events by strong convective downdrafts and weaker downward motions in the trailing stratiform region. Lastly, this rapid vertical transport can help to maintain the population of particles in the pristine Amazon boundary layer, and may therefore influence cloud properties and climate under natural conditions.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [6];  [6];  [5];  [9];  [1] more »;  [5];  [1];  [6];  [8];  [10];  [8];  [11];  [3];  [12];  [8];  [13] « less
  1. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  2. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Applied Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry
  3. Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
  4. Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany). Biogeochemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments; Nanjing Univ. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing (China). School of Atmospheric Sciences
  5. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Atmospheric Science and Global Change Div. (ASGC)
  6. Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany). Biogeochemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments
  7. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany)
  8. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Dept. of Physics
  9. Amazonas State Univ., Amazonas (Brazil)
  10. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  11. National Inst. for Space Research, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
  12. Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany). Biogeochemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments; Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography
  13. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS). Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1341705
Report Number(s):
BNL-113454-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; R&D Project: 2016-BNL-EE630EECA-Budg; KP1701000
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704; AC02-98CH10886
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature (London)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 539; Journal Issue: 7629; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Wang, Jian, Krejci, Radovan, Giangrande, Scott, Kuang, Chongai, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Brito, Joel, Carbone, Samara, Chi, Xuguang, Comstock, Jennifer, Ditas, Florian, Lavric, Jost, Manninen, Hanna E., Mei, Fan, Moran-Zuloaga, Daniel, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pöhlker, Mira L., Saturno, Jorge, Schmid, Beat, Souza, Rodrigo A. F., Springston, Stephen R., Tomlinson, Jason M., Toto, Tami, Walter, David, Wimmer, Daniela, Smith, James N., Kulmala, Markku, Machado, Luiz A. T., Artaxo, Paulo, Andreae, Meinrat O., Petäjä, Tuukka, and Martin, Scot T. Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1038/nature19819.
Wang, Jian, Krejci, Radovan, Giangrande, Scott, Kuang, Chongai, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Brito, Joel, Carbone, Samara, Chi, Xuguang, Comstock, Jennifer, Ditas, Florian, Lavric, Jost, Manninen, Hanna E., Mei, Fan, Moran-Zuloaga, Daniel, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pöhlker, Mira L., Saturno, Jorge, Schmid, Beat, Souza, Rodrigo A. F., Springston, Stephen R., Tomlinson, Jason M., Toto, Tami, Walter, David, Wimmer, Daniela, Smith, James N., Kulmala, Markku, Machado, Luiz A. T., Artaxo, Paulo, Andreae, Meinrat O., Petäjä, Tuukka, & Martin, Scot T. Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19819
Wang, Jian, Krejci, Radovan, Giangrande, Scott, Kuang, Chongai, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Brito, Joel, Carbone, Samara, Chi, Xuguang, Comstock, Jennifer, Ditas, Florian, Lavric, Jost, Manninen, Hanna E., Mei, Fan, Moran-Zuloaga, Daniel, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pöhlker, Mira L., Saturno, Jorge, Schmid, Beat, Souza, Rodrigo A. F., Springston, Stephen R., Tomlinson, Jason M., Toto, Tami, Walter, David, Wimmer, Daniela, Smith, James N., Kulmala, Markku, Machado, Luiz A. T., Artaxo, Paulo, Andreae, Meinrat O., Petäjä, Tuukka, and Martin, Scot T. Mon . "Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19819. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1341705.
@article{osti_1341705,
title = {Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall},
author = {Wang, Jian and Krejci, Radovan and Giangrande, Scott and Kuang, Chongai and Barbosa, Henrique M. J. and Brito, Joel and Carbone, Samara and Chi, Xuguang and Comstock, Jennifer and Ditas, Florian and Lavric, Jost and Manninen, Hanna E. and Mei, Fan and Moran-Zuloaga, Daniel and Pöhlker, Christopher and Pöhlker, Mira L. and Saturno, Jorge and Schmid, Beat and Souza, Rodrigo A. F. and Springston, Stephen R. and Tomlinson, Jason M. and Toto, Tami and Walter, David and Wimmer, Daniela and Smith, James N. and Kulmala, Markku and Machado, Luiz A. T. and Artaxo, Paulo and Andreae, Meinrat O. and Petäjä, Tuukka and Martin, Scot T.},
abstractNote = {The nucleation of atmospheric vapours is an important source of new aerosol particles that can subsequently grow to form cloud condensation nuclei in the atmosphere. Most field studies of atmospheric aerosols over continents are influenced by atmospheric vapours of anthropogenic origin and, in consequence, aerosol processes in pristine, terrestrial environments remain poorly understood. The Amazon rainforest is one of the few continental regions where aerosol particles and their precursors can be studied under near-natural conditions, but the origin of small aerosol particles that grow into cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon boundary layer remains unclear. Here we present aircraft- and ground-based measurements under clean conditions during the wet season in the central Amazon basin. We find that high concentrations of small aerosol particles (with diameters of less than 50 nanometres) in the lower free troposphere are transported from the free troposphere into the boundary layer during precipitation events by strong convective downdrafts and weaker downward motions in the trailing stratiform region. Lastly, this rapid vertical transport can help to maintain the population of particles in the pristine Amazon boundary layer, and may therefore influence cloud properties and climate under natural conditions.},
doi = {10.1038/nature19819},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7629,
volume = 539,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

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