Nb 3 Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects

Posen, S.; Hall, D. L.

doi:10.1088/1361-6668/30/3/033004

Title: Nb ₃ Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects

Abstract

A microns-thick film of Nb₃Sn on the inner surface of a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavity has been demonstrated to substantially improve cryogenic efficiency compared to the standard niobium material, and its predicted superheating field is approximately twice as high. We review in detail the advantages of Nb₃Sn coatings for SRF cavities. We describe the vapor diffusion process used to fabricate this material in the most successful experiments, and we compare the differences in the process used at different labs. We overview results of Nb₃Sn SRF coatings, including CW and pulsed measurements of cavities as well as microscopic measurements. We discuss special considerations that must be practised when using Nb₃Sn cavities in applications. Lastly, we conclude by summarizing the state-of-the-art and describing the outlook for this alternative SRF material.

Authors:

; Hall, D. L.

Publication Date:: Mon Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1341257

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1341258; OSTI ID: 1353387

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-17-133-TD
Journal ID: ISSN 0953-2048

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; SC0008431

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Superconductor Science and Technology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Superconductor Science and Technology Journal Volume: 30 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0953-2048

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; superconducting cavities; niobium–tin; particle accelerators; superconducting thin films; superconducting materials

Citation Formats


                    Posen, S., and Hall, D. L. Nb 3 Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6668/30/3/033004.

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                    Posen, S., & Hall, D. L. Nb 3 Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/30/3/033004

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                    Posen, S., and Hall, D. L. Mon .  
"Nb 3 Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/30/3/033004.

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@article{osti_1341257,

  title        = {Nb 3 Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects},

  author       = {Posen, S. and Hall, D. L.},

  abstractNote = {A microns-thick film of Nb3Sn on the inner surface of a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavity has been demonstrated to substantially improve cryogenic efficiency compared to the standard niobium material, and its predicted superheating field is approximately twice as high. We review in detail the advantages of Nb3Sn coatings for SRF cavities. We describe the vapor diffusion process used to fabricate this material in the most successful experiments, and we compare the differences in the process used at different labs. We overview results of Nb3Sn SRF coatings, including CW and pulsed measurements of cavities as well as microscopic measurements. We discuss special considerations that must be practised when using Nb3Sn cavities in applications. Lastly, we conclude by summarizing the state-of-the-art and describing the outlook for this alternative SRF material.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6668/30/3/033004},

  journal      = {Superconductor Science and Technology},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 30,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Mon Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Mon Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3
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journal, July 2019

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 3
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Title: Nb 3 Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects

Abstract

Citation Formats

The Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge: A powerful tool for materials research journal, November 2006

RF Superconductivity book, March 2009

Surface Barrier in Type-II Superconductors journal, January 1964

Superheating fields in superconductors journal, February 1967

Temperature dependence of the superheating field for superconductors in the high- κ London limit journal, December 2008

Theoretical estimates of maximum fields in superconducting resonant radio frequency cavities: stability theory, disorder, and laminates journal, January 2017

Review of new shapes for higher gradients journal, July 2006

Superheating field of superconductors within Ginzburg-Landau theory journal, March 2011

Gradient optimization for SC CW accelerators conference, January 2003

A review of the properties of Nb 3 Sn and their variation with A15 composition, morphology and strain state journal, June 2006

Superconductivity of Nb 3 Sn journal, September 1954

Superconducting Nb<inf>3</inf>Sn-cavities journal, March 1975

Pr�paration und Supraleitungseigenschaften von Niobdrahtproben mit Nb3Sn-�berzug journal, January 1962

A Superconducting Nb3Sn Coated Multicell Accelerating Cavity journal, October 1985

RF surface resistance of high-T<inf>c</inf>superconducting A15 thin films journal, May 1983

Synthesis of superconducting Nb 3 Sn coatings on Nb substrates journal, December 2015

A15 superconductors: An alternative to niobium for RF cavities journal, July 2006

Electron beam evaporation synthesis of A15 superconducting compounds: Accomplishments and prospects journal, March 1975

Bronze-processed Nb3Sn for r.f. applications journal, April 1988

On the microwave absorption of superconducting Nb3Sn journal, September 1974

Nb/sub 3/Sn films on sapphire. A promising alternative for superconductive microwave technology journal, June 1999

On the preparation of Nb3Sn-layers on monocrystalline Nb-substrates journal, November 1980

Nb/sub 3/Sn coating of high purity Nb cavities journal, March 1989

The vapour pressure of tin(II) chloride and the standard molar Gibbs free energy change for formation of SnCl2(g) from Sn(g) and Cl2(g) journal, October 1987

Superconducting Nb 3 Sn cavities with high quality factors and high critical flux densities journal, September 1976

Performance of superconducting storage ring cavities at 1500 MHz journal, March 1985

Enhancement of rf breakdown field of superconductors by multilayer coating journal, January 2006

Critical fields, Pauli paramagnetic limiting, and material parameters of Nb 3 Sn and V 3 Si journal, May 1979

High field RF superconductivity: To pulse or not to pulse? journal, March 1985

Radio Frequency Magnetic Field Limits of Nb and Nb 3 Sn journal, July 2015

Power dissipation at high fields in granular RF superconductivity journal, June 1991

High-quality Nb3Sn thin films on sapphire prepared by tin vapor diffusion journal, November 1997

Ultra-high quality factors in superconducting niobium cavities in ambient magnetic fields up to 190 mG journal, December 2014

The mechanism and kinetics of growth of the superconducting compound Nb3Sn journal, March 1969

Grain boundary diffusion and growth of intermetallic layers: Nb 3 Sn journal, September 1974

Analysis of Nb 3 Sn surface layers for superconducting radio frequency cavity applications journal, February 2015

Superconducting Triple-Spoke Cavity for β=0.5 Ions conference, January 2005

Mechanical optimization of superconducting cavities in continuous wave operation journal, February 2012

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The LHC superconducting cavities conference, January 1999

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Title: Nb ₃ Sn superconducting radiofrequency cavities: fabrication, results, properties, and prospects

The Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge: A powerful tool for materials research
journal, November 2006

RF Superconductivity
book, March 2009

Surface Barrier in Type-II Superconductors
journal, January 1964

Superheating fields in superconductors
journal, February 1967

Temperature dependence of the superheating field for superconductors in the high- $κ$ London limit
journal, December 2008

Theoretical estimates of maximum fields in superconducting resonant radio frequency cavities: stability theory, disorder, and laminates
journal, January 2017

Review of new shapes for higher gradients
journal, July 2006

Superheating field of superconductors within Ginzburg-Landau theory
journal, March 2011

Gradient optimization for SC CW accelerators
conference, January 2003

A review of the properties of Nb ₃ Sn and their variation with A15 composition, morphology and strain state
journal, June 2006

Superconductivity of ${Nb}_{3}$ Sn
journal, September 1954

Superconducting Nb<inf>3</inf>Sn-cavities
journal, March 1975

Pr�paration und Supraleitungseigenschaften von Niobdrahtproben mit Nb3Sn-�berzug
journal, January 1962

A Superconducting Nb3Sn Coated Multicell Accelerating Cavity
journal, October 1985

RF surface resistance of high-T<inf>c</inf>superconducting A15 thin films
journal, May 1983

Synthesis of superconducting Nb ₃ Sn coatings on Nb substrates
journal, December 2015

A15 superconductors: An alternative to niobium for RF cavities
journal, July 2006

Electron beam evaporation synthesis of A15 superconducting compounds: Accomplishments and prospects
journal, March 1975

Bronze-processed Nb3Sn for r.f. applications
journal, April 1988

On the microwave absorption of superconducting Nb3Sn
journal, September 1974

Nb/sub 3/Sn films on sapphire. A promising alternative for superconductive microwave technology
journal, June 1999

On the preparation of Nb3Sn-layers on monocrystalline Nb-substrates
journal, November 1980

Nb/sub 3/Sn coating of high purity Nb cavities
journal, March 1989

The vapour pressure of tin(II) chloride and the standard molar Gibbs free energy change for formation of SnCl2(g) from Sn(g) and Cl2(g)
journal, October 1987

Superconducting Nb ₃ Sn cavities with high quality factors and high critical flux densities
journal, September 1976

Performance of superconducting storage ring cavities at 1500 MHz
journal, March 1985

Enhancement of rf breakdown field of superconductors by multilayer coating
journal, January 2006

Critical fields, Pauli paramagnetic limiting, and material parameters of ${Nb}_{3}$ Sn and $V_{3}$ Si
journal, May 1979

High field RF superconductivity: To pulse or not to pulse?
journal, March 1985

Radio Frequency Magnetic Field Limits of Nb and ${Nb}_{3} Sn$
journal, July 2015

Power dissipation at high fields in granular RF superconductivity
journal, June 1991

High-quality Nb3Sn thin films on sapphire prepared by tin vapor diffusion
journal, November 1997

Ultra-high quality factors in superconducting niobium cavities in ambient magnetic fields up to 190 mG
journal, December 2014

The mechanism and kinetics of growth of the superconducting compound Nb3Sn
journal, March 1969

Grain boundary diffusion and growth of intermetallic layers: Nb ₃ Sn
journal, September 1974

Analysis of Nb ₃ Sn surface layers for superconducting radio frequency cavity applications
journal, February 2015

Superconducting Triple-Spoke Cavity for β=0.5 Ions
conference, January 2005

Mechanical optimization of superconducting cavities in continuous wave operation
journal, February 2012

Accelerating cavity development for the Cornell B-factory, CESR-B
conference, January 1991

The LHC superconducting cavities
conference, January 1999

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3
journal, July 2019

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2
journal, June 2019

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4
journal, July 2019

Study on the area ratio of Nb–Sn target for the preparation of Nb3Sn films
journal, July 2019

Study on the area ratio of Nb–Sn target for the preparation of Nb3Sn films
journal, July 2019

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3
journal, July 2019

HE-LHC : The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider
text, January 2019

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider
text, January 2019

Development of sputtered Nb ₃ Sn films on copper substrates for superconducting radiofrequency applications
journal, January 2019

Initial growth of tin on niobium for vapor diffusion coating of Nb ₃ Sn
journal, March 2019

Critical fields of Nb ₃ Sn prepared for superconducting cavities
journal, May 2019

Record high-gradient SRF beam acceleration at Fermilab
journal, November 2018

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2
journal, June 2019

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4
journal, July 2019