Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later

Hanson, Susan Kloek; Pollington, Anthony Douglas; Waidmann, Christopher Russell; Kinman, William Scott; Wende, Allison Marie; Miller, Jeffrey L.; Berger, Jennifer A.; Oldham, Warren James; Selby, Hugh D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1602792113

Title: Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later

Abstract

This study describes an approach to measuring extinct fission products that would allow for the characterization of a nuclear test at any time. The isotopic composition of molybdenum in five samples of glassy debris from the 1945 Trinity nuclear test has been measured. Nonnatural molybdenum isotopic compositions were observed, reflecting an input from the decay of the short-lived fission products ⁹⁵Zr and ⁹⁷Zr. By measuring both the perturbation of the ⁹⁵Mo/⁹⁶Mo and ⁹⁷Mo/⁹⁶Mo isotopic ratios and the total amount of molybdenum in the Trinity nuclear debris samples, it is possible to calculate the original concentrations of the ⁹⁵Zr and ⁹⁷Zr isotopes formed in the nuclear detonation. Together with a determination of the amount of plutonium in the debris, these measurements of extinct fission products allow for new estimates of the efficiency and yield of the historic Trinity test.

Authors:

Hanson, Susan Kloek ^[1]; Pollington, Anthony Douglas ^[1]; Waidmann, Christopher Russell ^[1]; Kinman, William Scott ^[1]; Wende, Allison Marie ^[1]; Miller, Jeffrey L. ^[1]; Berger, Jennifer A. ^[1]; Oldham, Warren James ^[1]; Selby, Hugh D. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

OSTI Identifier:: 1340968

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-22956
Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 113; Journal Issue: 29; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; nuclear forensics; nuclear testing; treaty monitoring; stable isotope perturbation measurements

Citation Formats


                    Hanson, Susan Kloek, Pollington, Anthony Douglas, Waidmann, Christopher Russell, Kinman, William Scott, Wende, Allison Marie, Miller, Jeffrey L., Berger, Jennifer A., Oldham, Warren James, and Selby, Hugh D. Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1073/pnas.1602792113.

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                    Hanson, Susan Kloek, Pollington, Anthony Douglas, Waidmann, Christopher Russell, Kinman, William Scott, Wende, Allison Marie, Miller, Jeffrey L., Berger, Jennifer A., Oldham, Warren James, & Selby, Hugh D. Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602792113

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                    Hanson, Susan Kloek, Pollington, Anthony Douglas, Waidmann, Christopher Russell, Kinman, William Scott, Wende, Allison Marie, Miller, Jeffrey L., Berger, Jennifer A., Oldham, Warren James, and Selby, Hugh D. Tue .  
"Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602792113.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1340968.

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@article{osti_1340968,

  title        = {Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later},

  author       = {Hanson, Susan Kloek and Pollington, Anthony Douglas and Waidmann, Christopher Russell and Kinman, William Scott and Wende, Allison Marie and Miller, Jeffrey L. and Berger, Jennifer A. and Oldham, Warren James and Selby, Hugh D.},

  abstractNote = {This study describes an approach to measuring extinct fission products that would allow for the characterization of a nuclear test at any time. The isotopic composition of molybdenum in five samples of glassy debris from the 1945 Trinity nuclear test has been measured. Nonnatural molybdenum isotopic compositions were observed, reflecting an input from the decay of the short-lived fission products 95Zr and 97Zr. By measuring both the perturbation of the 95Mo/96Mo and 97Mo/96Mo isotopic ratios and the total amount of molybdenum in the Trinity nuclear debris samples, it is possible to calculate the original concentrations of the 95Zr and 97Zr isotopes formed in the nuclear detonation. Together with a determination of the amount of plutonium in the debris, these measurements of extinct fission products allow for new estimates of the efficiency and yield of the historic Trinity test.},

  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1602792113},

  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},

  number       = 29,

  volume       = 113,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Mapping of Uranium Enrichment
journal, August 2019

Kautz, Elizabeth; Burkes, Douglas; Joshi, Vineet
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
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Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
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Carter, Simon; Fisher, Andy; Gibson, Bridget
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Rapid measurements of 235U fission product isotope ratios using an online, high-pressure ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry protocol with comparison to isotopic depletion models
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Fenske, Emilie K.; Roach, Benjamin D.; Glasgow, David C.
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Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Mapping of Uranium Enrichment
journal, August 2019

Kautz, Elizabeth; Burkes, Douglas; Joshi, Vineet
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Title: Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later

Abstract

Citation Formats

"Trinitite": Cobalt-60, Cesium-137, and Europium-152 journal, May 1965

The Oklo natural reactors: cumulative fission yields and nuclear characteristics of Reactor Zone 9 journal, July 1988

High accuracy measurement of isotope ratios of molybdenum in some terrestrial molybdenites journal, January 1992

Radioactivity in Trinitite six decades later journal, January 2006

Fission yields of molybdenum in the Oklo natural reactor journal, May 2012

Trinitite redux: Comment on “Determining the yield of the Trinity nuclear device via gamma-ray spectroscopy,” by David Atkatz and Christopher Bragg [Am. J. Phys. 63 (5), 411–413 (1995)] journal, November 1997

The absolute isotopic composition and atomic weight of molybdenum in SRM 3134 using an isotopic double-spike journal, January 2014

Nuclear Test Ban Monitoring: New Requirements, New Resources journal, February 1994

Quantitative Separation of Molybdenum and Rhenium from Geological Materials for Isotopic Determination by MC-ICP-MS journal, June 2009

Trinitite-the atomic rock journal, September 2010

A multi-method approach for determination of radionuclide distribution in trinitite journal, April 2013

Radionuclide Fractionation in Bomb Debris: The fractionation systematics for high-yield bursts at sea-water and coral surfaces are delineated journal, June 1961

Determining the yield of the Trinity nuclear device via gamma‐ray spectroscopy journal, May 1995

Postdetonation nuclear debris for attribution journal, November 2010

Evaluation of Neutron Reactions for ENDF/B-VII: 232–241U and 239Pu journal, December 2007

Resolution of inter-laboratory discrepancies in Mo isotope data: an intercalibration journal, January 2013

Test Ban Monitoring: No Place to Hide journal, July 2009

Investigation of mass dependence effects for the accurate determination of molybdenum isotope amount ratios by MC-ICP-MS using synthetic isotope mixtures journal, August 2014

Evidence of the double β decay of zirconium-96 measured in 1.8 × 10 9 year-old zircons journal, July 2001

Rapid analysis of trinitite with nuclear forensic applications for post-detonation material analyses journal, July 2014

Natural mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum journal, December 2001

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry of molybdenum isotopes journal, February 2000

Updated Review Finds Little U.S. Military Risk in Nuclear Test Ban journal, April 2012

Molybdenum isotope records as a potential new proxy for paleoceanography journal, June 2003

Investigating incorporation and distribution of radionuclides in trinitite journal, September 2011

Determination of mass-dependent molybdenum isotopic variations by MC-ICP-MS: An evaluation of matrix effects journal, January 2006

Molybdenum Stable Isotopes: Observations, Interpretations and Directions journal, January 2004

Total prompt energy release in the neutron-induced fission of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu journal, June 2006

Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Mapping of Uranium Enrichment journal, August 2019

Atomic spectrometry update. Review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials journal, January 2013

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials journal, January 2018

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials journal, January 2020

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials journal, January 2017

Rapid measurements of 235U fission product isotope ratios using an online, high-pressure ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry protocol with comparison to isotopic depletion models journal, February 2019

Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Mapping of Uranium Enrichment journal, August 2019

"Trinitite": Cobalt-60, Cesium-137, and Europium-152
journal, May 1965

The Oklo natural reactors: cumulative fission yields and nuclear characteristics of Reactor Zone 9
journal, July 1988

High accuracy measurement of isotope ratios of molybdenum in some terrestrial molybdenites
journal, January 1992

Radioactivity in Trinitite six decades later
journal, January 2006

Fission yields of molybdenum in the Oklo natural reactor
journal, May 2012

Trinitite redux: Comment on “Determining the yield of the Trinity nuclear device via gamma-ray spectroscopy,” by David Atkatz and Christopher Bragg [Am. J. Phys. 63 (5), 411–413 (1995)]
journal, November 1997

The absolute isotopic composition and atomic weight of molybdenum in SRM 3134 using an isotopic double-spike
journal, January 2014

Nuclear Test Ban Monitoring: New Requirements, New Resources
journal, February 1994

Quantitative Separation of Molybdenum and Rhenium from Geological Materials for Isotopic Determination by MC-ICP-MS
journal, June 2009

Trinitite-the atomic rock
journal, September 2010

A multi-method approach for determination of radionuclide distribution in trinitite
journal, April 2013

Radionuclide Fractionation in Bomb Debris: The fractionation systematics for high-yield bursts at sea-water and coral surfaces are delineated
journal, June 1961

Determining the yield of the Trinity nuclear device via gamma‐ray spectroscopy
journal, May 1995

Postdetonation nuclear debris for attribution
journal, November 2010

Evaluation of Neutron Reactions for ENDF/B-VII: 232–241U and 239Pu
journal, December 2007

Resolution of inter-laboratory discrepancies in Mo isotope data: an intercalibration
journal, January 2013

Test Ban Monitoring: No Place to Hide
journal, July 2009

Investigation of mass dependence effects for the accurate determination of molybdenum isotope amount ratios by MC-ICP-MS using synthetic isotope mixtures
journal, August 2014

Evidence of the double $β$ decay of zirconium-96 measured in $1.8 \times 10^{9}$ year-old zircons
journal, July 2001

Rapid analysis of trinitite with nuclear forensic applications for post-detonation material analyses
journal, July 2014

Natural mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum
journal, December 2001

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry of molybdenum isotopes
journal, February 2000

Updated Review Finds Little U.S. Military Risk in Nuclear Test Ban
journal, April 2012

Molybdenum isotope records as a potential new proxy for paleoceanography
journal, June 2003

Investigating incorporation and distribution of radionuclides in trinitite
journal, September 2011

Determination of mass-dependent molybdenum isotopic variations by MC-ICP-MS: An evaluation of matrix effects
journal, January 2006

Molybdenum Stable Isotopes: Observations, Interpretations and Directions
journal, January 2004

Total prompt energy release in the neutron-induced fission of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu
journal, June 2006

Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Mapping of Uranium Enrichment
journal, August 2019

Atomic spectrometry update. Review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
journal, January 2013

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
journal, January 2018

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
journal, January 2020

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
journal, January 2017

Rapid measurements of 235U fission product isotope ratios using an online, high-pressure ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry protocol with comparison to isotopic depletion models
journal, February 2019

Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Mapping of Uranium Enrichment
journal, August 2019