Ensemble of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Statistical Physics Approach
Abstract
Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL), e.g. air-conditioners and heaters, are by far the most wide-spread consumers of electricity. Normally the devices are calibrated to provide the so-called bang-bang control of temperature - changing from on to off , and vice versa, depending on temperature. Aggregation of a large group of similar devices into a statistical ensemble is considered, where the devices operate following the same dynamics subject to stochastic perturbations and randomized, Poisson on/off switching policy. We analyze, using theoretical and computational tools of statistical physics, how the ensemble relaxes to a stationary distribution and establish relation between the re- laxation and statistics of the probability flux, associated with devices' cycling in the mixed (discrete, switch on/off , and continuous, temperature) phase space. This allowed us to derive and analyze spec- trum of the non-equilibrium (detailed balance broken) statistical system. and uncover how switching policy affects oscillatory trend and speed of the relaxation. Relaxation of the ensemble is of a practical interest because it describes how the ensemble recovers from significant perturbations, e.g. forceful temporary switching o aimed at utilizing flexibility of the ensemble in providing "demand response" services relieving consumption temporarily to balance larger power grid. We discuss how themore »
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Skolkovo Inst. of Science and Technology, Moscow (Russia)
- Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1340942
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-17-20283
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Citation Formats
Chertkov, Michael, and Chernyak, Vladimir. Ensemble of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Statistical Physics Approach. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.2172/1340942.
Chertkov, Michael, & Chernyak, Vladimir. Ensemble of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Statistical Physics Approach. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1340942
Chertkov, Michael, and Chernyak, Vladimir. Tue .
"Ensemble of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Statistical Physics Approach". United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1340942. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1340942.
@article{osti_1340942,
title = {Ensemble of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Statistical Physics Approach},
author = {Chertkov, Michael and Chernyak, Vladimir},
abstractNote = {Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL), e.g. air-conditioners and heaters, are by far the most wide-spread consumers of electricity. Normally the devices are calibrated to provide the so-called bang-bang control of temperature - changing from on to off , and vice versa, depending on temperature. Aggregation of a large group of similar devices into a statistical ensemble is considered, where the devices operate following the same dynamics subject to stochastic perturbations and randomized, Poisson on/off switching policy. We analyze, using theoretical and computational tools of statistical physics, how the ensemble relaxes to a stationary distribution and establish relation between the re- laxation and statistics of the probability flux, associated with devices' cycling in the mixed (discrete, switch on/off , and continuous, temperature) phase space. This allowed us to derive and analyze spec- trum of the non-equilibrium (detailed balance broken) statistical system. and uncover how switching policy affects oscillatory trend and speed of the relaxation. Relaxation of the ensemble is of a practical interest because it describes how the ensemble recovers from significant perturbations, e.g. forceful temporary switching o aimed at utilizing flexibility of the ensemble in providing "demand response" services relieving consumption temporarily to balance larger power grid. We discuss how the statistical analysis can guide further development of the emerging demand response technology.},
doi = {10.2172/1340942},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Power of Ensemble Diversity and Randomization for Energy Aggregation
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- Métivier, David; Luchnikov, Ilia; Chertkov, Michael
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1