Evaluation of formation water chemistry and scale prediction: Bakken Shale
Abstract
Determination of in situ formation water chemistry is an essential component of reservoir management. This study details the use of thermodynamic computer models to calculate reservoir pH and restore produced water analyses for prediction of scale formation. Bakken produced water samples were restored to formation conditions and calculations of scale formation performed. In situ pH is controlled by feldspar-clay equilibria. Calcite scale is readily formed due to changes in pH during pressure drop from in situ to surface conditions. The formation of anhydrite and halite scale, which has been observed, was predicted only for the most saline samples. Finally, in addition, the formation of anhydrite and/or halite may be related to the localized conditions of increased salinity as water is partitioned into the gas phase during production.
- Authors:
-
- ESal LLC, Laramie, WY (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- Contributing Org.:
- ESal LLC, Laramie, WY (United States)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1339255
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1413040
- Report Number(s):
- SAND2015-9055J
Journal ID: ISSN 0883-2927; PII: S0883292716304267
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied Geochemistry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 75; Journal ID: ISSN 0883-2927
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Formation water chemistry; Bakken Shale; Scale formation; Geochemical models
Citation Formats
Thyne, Geoffrey, and Brady, Patrick. Evaluation of formation water chemistry and scale prediction: Bakken Shale. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.10.015.
Thyne, Geoffrey, & Brady, Patrick. Evaluation of formation water chemistry and scale prediction: Bakken Shale. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.10.015
Thyne, Geoffrey, and Brady, Patrick. Mon .
"Evaluation of formation water chemistry and scale prediction: Bakken Shale". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.10.015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1339255.
@article{osti_1339255,
title = {Evaluation of formation water chemistry and scale prediction: Bakken Shale},
author = {Thyne, Geoffrey and Brady, Patrick},
abstractNote = {Determination of in situ formation water chemistry is an essential component of reservoir management. This study details the use of thermodynamic computer models to calculate reservoir pH and restore produced water analyses for prediction of scale formation. Bakken produced water samples were restored to formation conditions and calculations of scale formation performed. In situ pH is controlled by feldspar-clay equilibria. Calcite scale is readily formed due to changes in pH during pressure drop from in situ to surface conditions. The formation of anhydrite and halite scale, which has been observed, was predicted only for the most saline samples. Finally, in addition, the formation of anhydrite and/or halite may be related to the localized conditions of increased salinity as water is partitioned into the gas phase during production.},
doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.10.015},
journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
number = ,
volume = 75,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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