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Title: Cosmic voids and void lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data

Abstract

Usually, cosmic voids are identified in spectroscopic galaxy surveys, where 3D information about the large-scale structure of the Universe is available. Although an increasing amount of photometric data is being produced, its potential for void studies is limited since photometric redshifts induce line-of-sight position errors of ≥50 Mpc h-1 which can render many voids undetectable. We present a new void finder designed for photometric surveys, validate it using simulations, and apply it to the high-quality photo-z redMaGiC galaxy sample of the DES Science Verification data. The algorithm works by projecting galaxies into 2D slices and finding voids in the smoothed 2D galaxy density field of the slice. Fixing the line-of-sight size of the slices to be at least twice the photo-z scatter, the number of voids found in simulated spectroscopic and photometric galaxy catalogues is within 20 per cent for all transverse void sizes, and indistinguishable for the largest voids (Rv ≥ 70 Mpc h-1). Furthermore, the positions, radii, and projected galaxy profiles of photometric voids accurately match the spectroscopic void sample. Applying the algorithm to the DES-SV data in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.8, we identify 87 voids with comoving radii spanning the range 18–120 Mpcmore » h-1, and carry out a stacked weak lensing measurement. With a significance of 4.4σ, the lensing measurement confirms that the voids are truly underdense in the matter field and hence not a product of Poisson noise, tracer density effects or systematics in the data. Also, it demonstrates, for the first time in real data, the viability of void lensing studies in photometric surveys.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
The DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1337861
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1324275; OSTI ID: 1334785; OSTI ID: 1353173
Report Number(s):
BNL-112544-2016-JA; FERMILAB-PUB-16-173-AE; arXiv:1605.03982
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; KJ0402000; KJ0503000; ERKJ311; ERKJEPM; TRN: US1701330
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; SC0012704; AC02-07CH11359; SEV-2012-0234; AST-1138766; AYA2012-39559; ESP2013-48274; FPA2013-47986; 240672; 291329; 306478; PF5-160138; FP7/2007-2013; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 465; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; gravitational lensing: weak; cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of Universe

Citation Formats

Sánchez, C., Clampitt, J., Kovacs, A., Jain, B., García-Bellido, J., Nadathur, S., Gruen, D., Hamaus, N., Huterer, D., Vielzeuf, P., Amara, A., Bonnett, C., DeRose, J., Hartley, W. G., Jarvis, M., Lahav, O., Miquel, R., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sheldon, E., Wechsler, R. H., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., and Weller, J. Cosmic voids and void lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2745.
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Sánchez, C., Clampitt, J., Kovacs, A., Jain, B., García-Bellido, J., Nadathur, S., Gruen, D., Hamaus, N., Huterer, D., Vielzeuf, P., Amara, A., Bonnett, C., DeRose, J., Hartley, W. G., Jarvis, M., Lahav, O., Miquel, R., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sheldon, E., Wechsler, R. H., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., & Weller, J. Cosmic voids and void lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2745
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Sánchez, C., Clampitt, J., Kovacs, A., Jain, B., García-Bellido, J., Nadathur, S., Gruen, D., Hamaus, N., Huterer, D., Vielzeuf, P., Amara, A., Bonnett, C., DeRose, J., Hartley, W. G., Jarvis, M., Lahav, O., Miquel, R., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sheldon, E., Wechsler, R. H., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., and Weller, J. Wed . "Cosmic voids and void lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2745. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1337861.
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@article{osti_1337861,
title = {Cosmic voids and void lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data},
author = {Sánchez, C. and Clampitt, J. and Kovacs, A. and Jain, B. and García-Bellido, J. and Nadathur, S. and Gruen, D. and Hamaus, N. and Huterer, D. and Vielzeuf, P. and Amara, A. and Bonnett, C. and DeRose, J. and Hartley, W. G. and Jarvis, M. and Lahav, O. and Miquel, R. and Rozo, E. and Rykoff, E. S. and Sheldon, E. and Wechsler, R. H. and Zuntz, J. and Abbott, T. M. C. and Abdalla, F. B. and Annis, J. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Bernstein, G. M. and Bernstein, R. A. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Crocce, M. and Cunha, C. E. and D'Andrea, C. B. and da Costa, L. N. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Dietrich, J. P. and Doel, P. and Evrard, A. E. and Neto, A. Fausti and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gutierrez, G. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Krause, E. and Kuehn, K. and Lima, M. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Melchior, P. and Plazas, A. A. and Reil, K. and Romer, A. K. and Sanchez, E. and Schubnell, M. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, R. C. and Soares-Santos, M. and Sobreira, F. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D. and Walker, A. R. and Weller, J.},
abstractNote = {Usually, cosmic voids are identified in spectroscopic galaxy surveys, where 3D information about the large-scale structure of the Universe is available. Although an increasing amount of photometric data is being produced, its potential for void studies is limited since photometric redshifts induce line-of-sight position errors of ≥50 Mpc h-1 which can render many voids undetectable. We present a new void finder designed for photometric surveys, validate it using simulations, and apply it to the high-quality photo-z redMaGiC galaxy sample of the DES Science Verification data. The algorithm works by projecting galaxies into 2D slices and finding voids in the smoothed 2D galaxy density field of the slice. Fixing the line-of-sight size of the slices to be at least twice the photo-z scatter, the number of voids found in simulated spectroscopic and photometric galaxy catalogues is within 20 per cent for all transverse void sizes, and indistinguishable for the largest voids (Rv ≥ 70 Mpc h-1). Furthermore, the positions, radii, and projected galaxy profiles of photometric voids accurately match the spectroscopic void sample. Applying the algorithm to the DES-SV data in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.8, we identify 87 voids with comoving radii spanning the range 18–120 Mpc h-1, and carry out a stacked weak lensing measurement. With a significance of 4.4σ, the lensing measurement confirms that the voids are truly underdense in the matter field and hence not a product of Poisson noise, tracer density effects or systematics in the data. Also, it demonstrates, for the first time in real data, the viability of void lensing studies in photometric surveys.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stw2745},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 1,
volume = 465,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Topology and Dark Energy: Testing Gravity in Voids
journal, December 2013

The cosmological simulation code gadget-2
journal, December 2005

A Public void Catalog from the sdss dr7 Galaxy Redshift Surveys Based on the Watershed Transform
journal, November 2012

  • Sutter, P. M.; Lavaux, Guilhem; Wandelt, Benjamin D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 761, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/44

Sparse sampling, galaxy bias, and voids
journal, June 2014

  • Sutter, P. M.; Lavaux, Guilhem; Hamaus, Nico
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 442, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu893

A measurement of the Alcock–Paczyński effect using cosmic voids in the SDSS
journal, August 2014

  • Sutter, P. M.; Pisani, Alice; Wandelt, Benjamin D.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 443, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1392

LSST: a complementary probe of dark energy
journal, July 2003

Warmth elevating the depths: shallower voids with warm dark matter
journal, June 2015

  • Yang, Lin F.; Neyrinck, Mark C.; Aragón-Calvo, Miguel A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 451, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv1087

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
journal, September 2000

  • York, Donald G.; Adelman, J.; Anderson, Jr., John E.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 120, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1086/301513

dive in the cosmic web: voids with Delaunay triangulation from discrete matter tracer distributions
journal, March 2016

  • Zhao, Cheng; Tao, Charling; Liang, Yu
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw660

Using cosmic voids to distinguish f ( R ) gravity in future galaxy surveys
journal, June 2015

  • Zivick, Paul; Sutter, P. M.; Wandelt, Benjamin D.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 451, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv1209
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Simulating nonlinear cosmological structure formation with massive neutrinos
    journal, November 2016

    Cosmic voids in evolving dark sector cosmologies: the high-redshift universe
    journal, July 2018

    • Adermann, Eromanga; Elahi, Pascal J.; Lewis, Geraint F.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1824

    Survey geometry and the internal consistency of recent cosmic shear measurements
    journal, June 2018

    • Troxel, M. A.; Krause, E.; Chang, C.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1889

    Probing supervoids with weak lensing
    journal, January 2018

    • Higuchi, Yuichi; Inoue, Kaiki Taro
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty205

    Studying galaxy troughs and ridges using weak gravitational lensing with the Kilo-Degree Survey
    journal, September 2018

    • Brouwer, Margot M.; Demchenko, Vasiliy; Harnois-Déraps, Joachim
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2589

    A Zeldovich reconstruction method for measuring redshift space distortions using cosmic voids
    journal, October 2018

    • Nadathur, Seshadri; Carter, Paul; Percival, Will J.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2799

    An accurate linear model for redshift space distortions in the void–galaxy correlation function
    journal, December 2018

    • Nadathur, Seshadri; Percival, Will J.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3372

    The Santiago–Harvard–Edinburgh–Durham void comparison – I. SHEDding light on chameleon gravity tests
    journal, February 2018

    • Cautun, Marius; Paillas, Enrique; Cai, Yan-Chuan
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty463

    The Santiago–Harvard–Edinburgh–Durham void comparison II: unveiling the Vainshtein screening using weak lensing
    journal, January 2019

    • Paillas, Enrique; Cautun, Marius; Li, Baojiu
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz022

    On the relative bias of void tracers in the Dark Energy Survey
    journal, May 2019

    • Pollina, G.; Hamaus, N.; Paech, K.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1470

    Cosmological exploitation of the size function of cosmic voids identified in the distribution of biased tracers
    journal, July 2019

    • Contarini, Sofia; Ronconi, Tommaso; Marulli, Federico
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1989

    The self-similarity of weak lensing peaks
    journal, August 2019

    • Davies, Christopher T.; Cautun, Marius; Li, Baojiu
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2157

    Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: the relationship between mass and light around cosmic voids
    journal, October 2019

    • Fang, Y.; Hamaus, N.; Jain, B.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2805

    More out of less: an excess integrated Sachs–Wolfe signal from supervoids mapped out by the Dark Energy Survey
    journal, February 2019

    • Kovács, A.; Sánchez, C.; García-Bellido, J.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz341

    Weak lensing by voids in weak lensing maps
    journal, July 2018

    • Davies, Christopher T.; Cautun, Marius; Li, Baojiu
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 480, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly135

    Towards testing gravity with cosmic voids
    journal, November 2018

    Detection of z ∼ 2.3 Cosmic Voids from 3D Ly α Forest Tomography in the COSMOS Field
    journal, July 2018

    • Krolewski, Alex; Lee, Khee-Gan; White, Martin
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aac829

    Constraining Dark Energy with Stacked Concave Lenses
    journal, March 2019

    Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
    journal, April 2018

    • Drlica-Wagner, A.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Rykoff, E. S.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 235, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aab4f5

    Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
    text, January 2018

    • Drlica-Wagner, A.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Rykoff, Es
    • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
    • DOI: 10.17863/cam.21145

    Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
    text, January 2017

    Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
    text, January 2017

    Weak lensing by voids in weak lensing maps
    text, January 2018

    A Zeldovich reconstruction method for measuring redshift space distortions using cosmic voids
    text, January 2018

    On the relative bias of void tracers in the Dark Energy Survey
    text, January 2018

    Cosmic Voids in Evolving Dark Sector Cosmologies: the High Redshift Universe
    text, January 2018

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