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Title: A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance

Abstract

A novel approach, based on a combination of salt and hard templating for producing multi-modal porous carbons is demonstrated. The hard template, silica nanoparticles, generate mesopores (~22 nm), and in some cases borderline-macropores (~64 nm), resulting in high pore volume (~3.9 cm3/g) while the salt template, zinc chloride, generates borderline-mesopores (~2 nm), thus imparting high surface area (~2100 m2/g). The versatility of the proposed synthesis technique is demonstrated using: (i) dual salt templates with hard template resulting in magnetic, nanostructured-clay embedded (~27% clay content), high surface area (~1527 m2/g) bimodal carbons (~2 and 70 nm pores), (ii) multiple hard templates with salt template resulting in tri-modal carbons (~2, 12 and 28 nm pores), (iii) low temperature (450 °C) synthesis of bimodal carbons afforded by the presence of hygroscopic salt template, (iv) easy coupling with physical activation approaches. A selected set of thus synthesized carbons were used to evaluate, for the first time, the simultaneous effects of carbon porosity and pressure applied during electrode fabrication on EDLC performance. Electrode pressing was discovered to be more favorable for carbons containing hard-templated mesopores (~87% capacitance retention at current density of 40 A/g) as compared to those without (~54% capacitance retention).

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
  2. King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Energy Materials Center at Cornell (EMC2)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1370405
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1337523
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001086
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Carbon
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 87; Journal Issue: C; Related Information: Emc2 partners with Cornell University (lead); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Journal ID: ISSN 0008-6223
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Bhandari, Nidhi, Dua, Rubal, Estevez, Luis, Sahore, Ritu, and Giannelis, Emmanuel P. A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.039.
Bhandari, Nidhi, Dua, Rubal, Estevez, Luis, Sahore, Ritu, & Giannelis, Emmanuel P. A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.039
Bhandari, Nidhi, Dua, Rubal, Estevez, Luis, Sahore, Ritu, and Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Sat . "A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.039. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1370405.
@article{osti_1370405,
title = {A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance},
author = {Bhandari, Nidhi and Dua, Rubal and Estevez, Luis and Sahore, Ritu and Giannelis, Emmanuel P.},
abstractNote = {A novel approach, based on a combination of salt and hard templating for producing multi-modal porous carbons is demonstrated. The hard template, silica nanoparticles, generate mesopores (~22 nm), and in some cases borderline-macropores (~64 nm), resulting in high pore volume (~3.9 cm3/g) while the salt template, zinc chloride, generates borderline-mesopores (~2 nm), thus imparting high surface area (~2100 m2/g). The versatility of the proposed synthesis technique is demonstrated using: (i) dual salt templates with hard template resulting in magnetic, nanostructured-clay embedded (~27% clay content), high surface area (~1527 m2/g) bimodal carbons (~2 and 70 nm pores), (ii) multiple hard templates with salt template resulting in tri-modal carbons (~2, 12 and 28 nm pores), (iii) low temperature (450 °C) synthesis of bimodal carbons afforded by the presence of hygroscopic salt template, (iv) easy coupling with physical activation approaches. A selected set of thus synthesized carbons were used to evaluate, for the first time, the simultaneous effects of carbon porosity and pressure applied during electrode fabrication on EDLC performance. Electrode pressing was discovered to be more favorable for carbons containing hard-templated mesopores (~87% capacitance retention at current density of 40 A/g) as compared to those without (~54% capacitance retention).},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.039},
journal = {Carbon},
number = C,
volume = 87,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Sat Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}

Journal Article:

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Cited by: 24 works
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