Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California

Vahmani, P.; Sun, F.; Hall, A.; Ban-Weiss, G.

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027

Title: Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California

Abstract

The climate warming effects of accelerated urbanization along with projected global climate change raise an urgent need for sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies to cool urban climates. Our modeling results show that historical urbanization in the Los Angeles and San Diego metropolitan areas has increased daytime urban air temperature by 1.3 °C, in part due to a weakening of the onshore sea breeze circulation. We find that metropolis-wide adoption of cool roofs can meaningfully offset this daytime warming, reducing temperatures by 0.9 °C relative to a case without cool roofs. Residential cool roofs were responsible for 67% of the cooling. Nocturnal temperature increases of 3.1 °C from urbanization were larger than daytime warming, while nocturnal temperature reductions from cool roofs of 0.5 °C were weaker than corresponding daytime reductions. We further show that cool roof deployment could partially counter the local impacts of global climate change in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Assuming a scenario in which there are dramatic decreases in greenhouse gas emissions in the 21st century (RCP2.6), mid- and end-of-century temperature increases from global change relative to current climate are similarly reduced by cool roofs from 1.4 °C to 0.6 °C. Assuming a scenario with continued emissionsmore »« less

Authors:

Vahmani, P.; Sun, F.; Hall, A.;

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1336485

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1336486; OSTI ID: 1364377

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014061:0001; SC0014061

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Environmental Research Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Environmental Research Letters Journal Volume: 11 Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-9326

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats


                    Vahmani, P., Sun, F., Hall, A., and Ban-Weiss, G. Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027.

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                    Vahmani, P., Sun, F., Hall, A., & Ban-Weiss, G. Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027

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                    Vahmani, P., Sun, F., Hall, A., and Ban-Weiss, G. Thu .  
"Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027.

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@article{osti_1336485,

  title        = {Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California},

  author       = {Vahmani, P. and Sun, F. and Hall, A. and Ban-Weiss, G.},

  abstractNote = {The climate warming effects of accelerated urbanization along with projected global climate change raise an urgent need for sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies to cool urban climates. Our modeling results show that historical urbanization in the Los Angeles and San Diego metropolitan areas has increased daytime urban air temperature by 1.3 °C, in part due to a weakening of the onshore sea breeze circulation. We find that metropolis-wide adoption of cool roofs can meaningfully offset this daytime warming, reducing temperatures by 0.9 °C relative to a case without cool roofs. Residential cool roofs were responsible for 67% of the cooling. Nocturnal temperature increases of 3.1 °C from urbanization were larger than daytime warming, while nocturnal temperature reductions from cool roofs of 0.5 °C were weaker than corresponding daytime reductions. We further show that cool roof deployment could partially counter the local impacts of global climate change in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Assuming a scenario in which there are dramatic decreases in greenhouse gas emissions in the 21st century (RCP2.6), mid- and end-of-century temperature increases from global change relative to current climate are similarly reduced by cool roofs from 1.4 °C to 0.6 °C. Assuming a scenario with continued emissions increases throughout the century (RCP8.5), mid-century warming is significantly reduced by cool roofs from 2.0 °C to 1.0 °C. The end-century warming, however, is significantly offset only in small localized areas containing mostly industrial/commercial buildings where cool roofs with the highest albedo are adopted. We conclude that metropolis-wide adoption of cool roofs can play an important role in mitigating the urban heat island effect, and offsetting near-term local warming from global climate change. Global-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are the only way of avoiding long-term warming, however. We further suggest that both climate mitigation and adaptation can be pursued simultaneously using 'cool photovoltaics'.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027},

  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Title: Investigating the climate impacts of urbanization and the potential for cool roofs to counter future climate change in Southern California

Abstract

Citation Formats

The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 journal, August 2011

Summer-time climate impacts of projected megapolitan expansion in Arizona journal, August 2012

On the impact of temperature on tropospheric ozone concentration levels in urban environments journal, June 2008

Environmental impacts of reflective materials: Is high albedo a ‘silver bullet’ for mitigating urban heat island? journal, July 2015

Episodic Performance and Sensitivity of the Urbanized MM5 (uMM5) to Perturbations in Surface Properties in Houston Texas journal, January 2008

Evolution of Cool-Roof Standards in the US journal, January 2008

Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming journal, March 2007

Heat Island Research in Europe: The State of the Art journal, January 2007

The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems journal, January 2011

The potential for air-temperature impact from large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaic arrays in urban areas journal, May 2013

Micrometeorological simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles neighborhood journal, February 2016

An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design journal, April 2012

Meso-urban meteorological and photochemical modeling of heat island mitigation journal, December 2008

Net Radiative Forcing from Widespread Deployment of Photovoltaics journal, March 2009

Impact of regional climate change on human health journal, November 2005

Scaling of the urban heat island intensity using time-dependent energy balance journal, December 2012

Quality and sensitivity of high-resolution numerical simulation of urban heat islands journal, May 2014

Using remote sensing to quantify albedo of roofs in seven California cities, Part 2: Results and application to climate modeling journal, May 2015

The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models journal, January 1998

Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities journal, January 2006

A two-dimensional interpolation function for irregularly-spaced data conference, January 1968

Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas journal, January 2001

Using advanced cool materials in the urban built environment to mitigate heat islands and improve thermal comfort conditions journal, December 2011

Impact of urban temperature on energy consumption of Hong Kong journal, November 2006

Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions journal, February 2014

Modeling the impacts of large-scale albedo changes on ozone air quality in the South Coast Air Basin journal, June 1997

Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands journal, July 2014

Assessing summertime urban air conditioning consumption in a semiarid environment journal, August 2013

The long-term effect of increasing the albedo of urban areas journal, April 2012

A Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Downscaling Technique. Part II: End-of-Century Warming Projections Predict a New Climate State in the Los Angeles Region journal, June 2015

Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2 journal, November 2008

The energetic basis of the urban heat island journal, January 1982

Regional climate consequences of large-scale cool roof and photovoltaic array deployment journal, July 2011

Field studies on human thermal comfort — An overview journal, June 2013

Avoided Heat-Related Mortality through Climate Adaptation Strategies in Three US Cities journal, June 2014

Albedo book, December 2005

Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts* journal, September 2013

Satellite-derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban climatology journal, October 1989

Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin journal, March 2008

Global cooling updates: Reflective roofs and pavements journal, December 2012

Managing climate change in cities: Will climate action plans work? journal, September 2012

Mapping global land surface albedo from NOAA AVHRR journal, March 1999

Citywide Impacts of Cool Roof and Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Deployment on Near-Surface Air Temperature and Cooling Energy Demand journal, April 2016

The London Heat Island and building cooling design journal, January 2007

Impact Assessment of Daily Satellite-Derived Surface Albedo in a Limited-Area NWP Model journal, October 2012

Evaluating thermal comfort conditions and health responses during an extremely hot summer in Athens journal, February 2011

Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island journal, January 2003

Coupling a Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model with a Simple Atmospheric Model: Impact on Urban Heat Island Simulation for an Idealized Case journal, January 2004

Cooling the cities – A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments journal, May 2014

A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications journal, March 2008

Urbanization causes increased cloud base height and decreased fog in coastal Southern California journal, March 2015

Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution journal, March 2006

Using remote sensing to quantify albedo of roofs in seven California cities, Part 1: Methods journal, May 2015

The effect of the Athens heat island on air conditioning load journal, July 2000

Exploring the consequences of climate change for indoor air quality journal, February 2013

Impact of remotely sensed albedo and vegetation fraction on simulation of urban climate in WRF-urban canopy model: A case study of the urban heat island in Los Angeles: SATELLITE-SUPPORTED URBAN CLIMATE MODEL journal, February 2016

Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces. The role of materials journal, January 2004

Evaluation of the impact of the urban heat island on residential and commercial energy consumption in Tokyo journal, January 2012

Climatic consequences of adopting drought-tolerant vegetation over Los Angeles as a response to California drought: Climate Impacts Drought-Tolerant Plants journal, August 2016

A Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Downscaling Technique. Part I: Development and Validation of the Technique journal, June 2015

Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface journal, March 2013

Modeling Impacts of Urbanization and Urban Heat Island Mitigation on Boundary Layer Meteorology and Air Quality in Beijing Under Different Weather Conditions journal, April 2018

Evaluation of the WRF‐Urban Modeling System Coupled to Noah and Noah‐MP Land Surface Models Over a Semiarid Urban Environment journal, March 2018

Climate change in Africa: costs of mitigating heat stress journal, April 2019

Enhanced sensitivity of the urban heat island effect to summer temperatures induced by urban expansion journal, August 2019

Interacting implications of climate change, population dynamics, and urban heat mitigation for future exposure to heat extremes journal, August 2019

A new method utilizing smart meter data for identifying the existence of air conditioning in residential homes journal, August 2019

Effects of urbanization on regional meteorology and air quality in Southern California journal, January 2019

Reviews and syntheses: influences of landscape structure and land uses on local to regional climate and air quality journal, January 2019

The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300
journal, August 2011

Summer-time climate impacts of projected megapolitan expansion in Arizona
journal, August 2012

On the impact of temperature on tropospheric ozone concentration levels in urban environments
journal, June 2008

Environmental impacts of reflective materials: Is high albedo a ‘silver bullet’ for mitigating urban heat island?
journal, July 2015

Episodic Performance and Sensitivity of the Urbanized MM5 (uMM5) to Perturbations in Surface Properties in Houston Texas
journal, January 2008

Evolution of Cool-Roof Standards in the US
journal, January 2008

Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming
journal, March 2007

Heat Island Research in Europe: The State of the Art
journal, January 2007

The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems
journal, January 2011

The potential for air-temperature impact from large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaic arrays in urban areas
journal, May 2013

Micrometeorological simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles neighborhood
journal, February 2016

An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design
journal, April 2012

Meso-urban meteorological and photochemical modeling of heat island mitigation
journal, December 2008

Net Radiative Forcing from Widespread Deployment of Photovoltaics
journal, March 2009

Impact of regional climate change on human health
journal, November 2005

Scaling of the urban heat island intensity using time-dependent energy balance
journal, December 2012

Quality and sensitivity of high-resolution numerical simulation of urban heat islands
journal, May 2014

Using remote sensing to quantify albedo of roofs in seven California cities, Part 2: Results and application to climate modeling
journal, May 2015

The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models
journal, January 1998

Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities
journal, January 2006

A two-dimensional interpolation function for irregularly-spaced data
conference, January 1968

Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas
journal, January 2001

Using advanced cool materials in the urban built environment to mitigate heat islands and improve thermal comfort conditions
journal, December 2011

Impact of urban temperature on energy consumption of Hong Kong
journal, November 2006

Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions
journal, February 2014

Modeling the impacts of large-scale albedo changes on ozone air quality in the South Coast Air Basin
journal, June 1997

Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands
journal, July 2014

Assessing summertime urban air conditioning consumption in a semiarid environment
journal, August 2013

The long-term effect of increasing the albedo of urban areas
journal, April 2012

A Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Downscaling Technique. Part II: End-of-Century Warming Projections Predict a New Climate State in the Los Angeles Region
journal, June 2015

Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2
journal, November 2008

The energetic basis of the urban heat island
journal, January 1982

Regional climate consequences of large-scale cool roof and photovoltaic array deployment
journal, July 2011

Field studies on human thermal comfort — An overview
journal, June 2013

Avoided Heat-Related Mortality through Climate Adaptation Strategies in Three US Cities
journal, June 2014

Albedo
book, December 2005

Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts*
journal, September 2013

Satellite-derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban climatology
journal, October 1989

Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin
journal, March 2008

Global cooling updates: Reflective roofs and pavements
journal, December 2012

Managing climate change in cities: Will climate action plans work?
journal, September 2012

Mapping global land surface albedo from NOAA AVHRR
journal, March 1999

Citywide Impacts of Cool Roof and Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Deployment on Near-Surface Air Temperature and Cooling Energy Demand
journal, April 2016

The London Heat Island and building cooling design
journal, January 2007

Impact Assessment of Daily Satellite-Derived Surface Albedo in a Limited-Area NWP Model
journal, October 2012

Evaluating thermal comfort conditions and health responses during an extremely hot summer in Athens
journal, February 2011

Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island
journal, January 2003

Coupling a Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model with a Simple Atmospheric Model: Impact on Urban Heat Island Simulation for an Idealized Case
journal, January 2004

Cooling the cities – A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments
journal, May 2014

A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications
journal, March 2008

Urbanization causes increased cloud base height and decreased fog in coastal Southern California
journal, March 2015

Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution
journal, March 2006

Using remote sensing to quantify albedo of roofs in seven California cities, Part 1: Methods
journal, May 2015

The effect of the Athens heat island on air conditioning load
journal, July 2000

Exploring the consequences of climate change for indoor air quality
journal, February 2013

Impact of remotely sensed albedo and vegetation fraction on simulation of urban climate in WRF-urban canopy model: A case study of the urban heat island in Los Angeles: SATELLITE-SUPPORTED URBAN CLIMATE MODEL
journal, February 2016

Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces. The role of materials
journal, January 2004

Evaluation of the impact of the urban heat island on residential and commercial energy consumption in Tokyo
journal, January 2012

Climatic consequences of adopting drought-tolerant vegetation over Los Angeles as a response to California drought: Climate Impacts Drought-Tolerant Plants
journal, August 2016

A Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Downscaling Technique. Part I: Development and Validation of the Technique
journal, June 2015

Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface
journal, March 2013

Modeling Impacts of Urbanization and Urban Heat Island Mitigation on Boundary Layer Meteorology and Air Quality in Beijing Under Different Weather Conditions
journal, April 2018

Evaluation of the WRF‐Urban Modeling System Coupled to Noah and Noah‐MP Land Surface Models Over a Semiarid Urban Environment
journal, March 2018

Climate change in Africa: costs of mitigating heat stress
journal, April 2019

Enhanced sensitivity of the urban heat island effect to summer temperatures induced by urban expansion
journal, August 2019

Interacting implications of climate change, population dynamics, and urban heat mitigation for future exposure to heat extremes
journal, August 2019

A new method utilizing smart meter data for identifying the existence of air conditioning in residential homes
journal, August 2019

Effects of urbanization on regional meteorology and air quality in Southern California
journal, January 2019

Reviews and syntheses: influences of landscape structure and land uses on local to regional climate and air quality
journal, January 2019