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Title: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing

Abstract

The accumulation and extrusion of Ca2+ in the pre- and postsynaptic compartments play a critical role in initiating plastic changes in biological synapses. In order to emulate this fundamental process in electronic devices, we developed diffusive Ag-in-oxide memristors with a temporal response during and after stimulation similar to that of the synaptic Ca2+ dynamics. In situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle dynamics simulations both demonstrate that Ag atoms disperse under electrical bias and regroup spontaneously under zero bias because of interfacial energy minimization, closely resembling synaptic influx and extrusion of Ca2+, respectively. Furthermore, the diffusive memristor and its dynamics enable a direct emulation of both short- and long-term plasticity of biological synapses, representing an advance in hardware implementation of neuromorphic functionalities.

Authors:
 [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6];  [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
  2. Loughborough Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
  3. Hewlett Packard Labs., Palo Alto, CA (United States)
  4. Information Directorate, Rome, NY (United States). Air Force Research Lab.
  5. Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States). Biology Dept.
  6. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1336121
Report Number(s):
BNL-112582-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122; R&D Project: 16060; 16060; KC0403020
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC00112704
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 16; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Nonvolatile memeory

Citation Formats

Wang, Zhongrui, Joshi, Saumil, Savel’ev, Sergey E., Jiang, Hao, Midya, Rivu, Lin, Peng, Hu, Miao, Ge, Ning, Strachan, John Paul, Li, Zhiyong, Wu, Qing, Barnell, Mark, Li, Geng-Lin, Xin, Huolin L., Williams, R. Stanley, Xia, Qiangfei, and Yang, J. Joshua. Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1038/nmat4756.
Wang, Zhongrui, Joshi, Saumil, Savel’ev, Sergey E., Jiang, Hao, Midya, Rivu, Lin, Peng, Hu, Miao, Ge, Ning, Strachan, John Paul, Li, Zhiyong, Wu, Qing, Barnell, Mark, Li, Geng-Lin, Xin, Huolin L., Williams, R. Stanley, Xia, Qiangfei, & Yang, J. Joshua. Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4756
Wang, Zhongrui, Joshi, Saumil, Savel’ev, Sergey E., Jiang, Hao, Midya, Rivu, Lin, Peng, Hu, Miao, Ge, Ning, Strachan, John Paul, Li, Zhiyong, Wu, Qing, Barnell, Mark, Li, Geng-Lin, Xin, Huolin L., Williams, R. Stanley, Xia, Qiangfei, and Yang, J. Joshua. Mon . "Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4756. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1336121.
@article{osti_1336121,
title = {Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing},
author = {Wang, Zhongrui and Joshi, Saumil and Savel’ev, Sergey E. and Jiang, Hao and Midya, Rivu and Lin, Peng and Hu, Miao and Ge, Ning and Strachan, John Paul and Li, Zhiyong and Wu, Qing and Barnell, Mark and Li, Geng-Lin and Xin, Huolin L. and Williams, R. Stanley and Xia, Qiangfei and Yang, J. Joshua},
abstractNote = {The accumulation and extrusion of Ca2+ in the pre- and postsynaptic compartments play a critical role in initiating plastic changes in biological synapses. In order to emulate this fundamental process in electronic devices, we developed diffusive Ag-in-oxide memristors with a temporal response during and after stimulation similar to that of the synaptic Ca2+ dynamics. In situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle dynamics simulations both demonstrate that Ag atoms disperse under electrical bias and regroup spontaneously under zero bias because of interfacial energy minimization, closely resembling synaptic influx and extrusion of Ca2+, respectively. Furthermore, the diffusive memristor and its dynamics enable a direct emulation of both short- and long-term plasticity of biological synapses, representing an advance in hardware implementation of neuromorphic functionalities.},
doi = {10.1038/nmat4756},
journal = {Nature Materials},
number = ,
volume = 16,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

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Brain-inspired computing with memristors: Challenges in devices, circuits, and systems
journal, March 2020

  • Zhang, Yang; Wang, Zhongrui; Zhu, Jiadi
  • Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5124027

Reliability of analog resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computing
journal, March 2020

  • Zhao, Meiran; Gao, Bin; Tang, Jianshi
  • Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5124915

Characteristic investigation of highly oriented Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 thin-film resistive memory devices
journal, January 2020

  • Yan, Xiaobing; Xiao, Zuoao; Lu, Chao
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5141132

Improvement of analogue switching characteristics of MoS 2 memristors through plasma treatment
journal, January 2020

  • Li, Da; Ryu, Byunghoon; Yoon, JeongSeop
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab6572

Silicon synaptic transistor for hardware-based spiking neural network and neuromorphic system
journal, September 2017


Resistive switching of organic–inorganic hybrid devices of conductive polymer and permeable ultra-thin SiO 2 films
journal, April 2018

  • Yamamoto, Shunsuke; Kitanaka, Takahisa; Miyashita, Tokuji
  • Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabdc6

Emerging neuromorphic devices
journal, December 2019


Electronic synapses based on ultrathin quasi-two-dimensional gallium oxide memristor
journal, January 2019


Nonstationary distributions and relaxation times in a stochastic model of memristor
journal, February 2020

  • Agudov, N. V.; Safonov, A. V.; Krichigin, A. V.
  • Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Vol. 2020, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/ab684a

Observation and characterization of memristive silver filaments in amorphous zinc-tin-oxide
journal, August 2018

  • Tran, Hiep N.; Raeber, Thomas J.; Zhao, Zijun C.
  • MRS Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 03
  • DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2018.156

Robust Memristor Networks for Neuromorphic Computation Applications
journal, October 2019

  • Hajtó, Dániel; Rák, Ádám; Cserey, György
  • Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.3390/ma12213573

Nanoscale Ring-Shaped Conduction Channels with Memristive Behavior in BiFeO3 Nanodots
journal, December 2018

  • Li, Zhongwen; Fan, Zhen; Zhou, Guofu
  • Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.3390/nano8121031

Adaptive Crystallite Kinetics in Homogenous Bilayer Oxide Memristor for Emulating Diverse Synaptic Plasticity
journal, March 2018


All-Solid-State Synaptic Transistor with Ultralow Conductance for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, September 2018

  • Yang, Chuan-Sen; Shang, Da-Shan; Liu, Nan
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201804170

Artificial Synapses Based on Multiterminal Memtransistors for Neuromorphic Application
journal, April 2019

  • Wang, Lin; Liao, Wugang; Wong, Swee Liang
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201901106

A Synaptic Transistor based on Quasi-2D Molybdenum Oxide
journal, May 2017


Electrochemical Tantalum Oxide for Resistive Switching Memories
journal, October 2017

  • Zaffora, Andrea; Cho, Deok-Yong; Lee, Kug-Seung
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 43
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703357

Nonvolatile Memory Materials for Neuromorphic Intelligent Machines
journal, April 2018


Mimicking Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Network Using Memtranstors
journal, February 2018

  • Shen, Jian-Xin; Shang, Da-Shan; Chai, Yi-Sheng
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706717

Synaptic Barristor Based on Phase‐Engineered 2D Heterostructures
journal, July 2018

  • Huh, Woong; Jang, Seonghoon; Lee, Jae Yoon
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801447

Photonic Synapses Based on Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, July 2018


Controlled Nonvolatile Transition in Polyoxometalates-Graphene Oxide Hybrid Memristive Devices
journal, December 2018

  • Chen, Xiaoli; Zhu, Xin; Zhang, Shi-Rui
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800551

A Threshold Switching Selector Based on Highly Ordered Ag Nanodots for X‐Point Memory Applications
journal, March 2019


Solution-Processed Flexible Threshold Switch Devices
journal, February 2018

  • Park, Youngjun; Han, Un-Bin; Kim, Min-Kyu
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201700521

Nanoscale Potential Fluctuations in Zirconium Oxide and the Flash Memory Based on Electron and Hole Localization
journal, July 2018

  • Gritsenko, Vladimir A.; Novikov, Yuriy N.; Perevalov, Timofey V.
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201700592

Transferable and Flexible Artificial Memristive Synapse Based on WO x Schottky Junction on Arbitrary Substrates
journal, September 2018


Polyoxometalates‐Modulated Reduced Graphene Oxide Flash Memory with Ambipolar Trapping as Bidirectional Artificial Synapse
journal, September 2018

  • Chen, Xiaoli; Pan, Jingyi; Fu, Jingjing
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201800444

Ultrathin TiO x Interface‐Mediated ZnO‐Nanowire Memristive Devices Emulating Synaptic Behaviors
journal, May 2019

  • Xiao, Ming; Yeow, Travis; Nguyen, Viet Huong
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900142

Artificial Perception Built on Memristive System: Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensations
journal, January 2020

  • Ji, Xinglong; Zhao, Xinyu; Tan, Mei Chee
  • Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900118

Organic Flexible Memristor with Reduced Operating Voltage and High Stability by Interfacial Control of Conductive Filament Growth
journal, February 2019

  • Lee, Sin‐Hyung; Park, Hea‐Lim; Keum, Chang‐Min
  • physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201900044

Vacancy‐Induced Synaptic Behavior in 2D WS 2 Nanosheet–Based Memristor for Low‐Power Neuromorphic Computing
journal, May 2019


Dynamics of a physical SBT memristor-based Wien-bridge circuit
journal, April 2018


Three-dimensional crossbar arrays of self-rectifying Si/SiO2/Si memristors
journal, June 2017

  • Li, Can; Han, Lili; Jiang, Hao
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15666

Battery-like artificial synapses
journal, February 2017

  • Yang, J. Joshua; Xia, Qiangfei
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat4870

A self-rectifying TaOy/nanoporous TaOx memristor synaptic array for learning and energy-efficient neuromorphic systems
journal, December 2018


Efficient and self-adaptive in-situ learning in multilayer memristor neural networks
journal, June 2018


Capacitive neural network with neuro-transistors
journal, August 2018


SiGe epitaxial memory for neuromorphic computing with reproducible high performance based on engineered dislocations
journal, January 2018


Ionic modulation and ionic coupling effects in MoS2 devices for neuromorphic computing
journal, December 2018


Unsupervised Hebbian learning experimentally realized with analogue memristive crossbar arrays
journal, June 2018


Robust memristors based on layered two-dimensional materials
journal, February 2018


Emulation of synaptic metaplasticity in memristors
journal, January 2017

  • Zhu, Xiaojian; Du, Chao; Jeong, YeonJoo
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08024c

Nanoscale diffusive memristor crossbars as physical unclonable functions
journal, January 2018


Impact of oxide and electrode materials on the switching characteristics of oxide ReRAM devices
journal, January 2019

  • Ambrosi, Elia; Bricalli, Alessandro; Laudato, Mario
  • Faraday Discussions, Vol. 213
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00106e

Synaptic dynamics in complex self-assembled nanoparticle networks
journal, January 2019

  • Bose, S. K.; Shirai, S.; Mallinson, J. B.
  • Faraday Discussions, Vol. 213
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00109j

Electrically-generated memristor based on inkjet printed silver nanoparticles
journal, January 2019

  • Yoon, Kyung Jean; Han, Jin-Woo; Moon, Dong-Il
  • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9na00329k

Controllable digital resistive switching for artificial synapses and pavlovian learning algorithm
journal, January 2019

  • Kumar, Mohit; Abbas, Sohail; Lee, Jung-Ho
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02027f

Decoding the metallic bridging dynamics in nanogap atomic switches
journal, January 2019

  • Ji, Xinglong; Pang, Khin Yin; Zhao, Rong
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04455h

Evolution map of the memristor: from pure capacitive state to resistive switching state
journal, January 2019

  • Zhou, Guangdong; Wu, Jinggao; Wang, Lidan
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05550a

Inkjet assisted fabrication of planar biocompatible memristors
journal, January 2019

  • Illarionov, Georgii A.; Kolchanov, Denis S.; Kuchur, Oleg A.
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 62
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08114c

Emulating dynamic synaptic plasticity over broad timescales with memristive device
journal, November 2018

  • Zhang, Yishu; Zhong, Shuai; Song, Li
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5052556

Multistability in a physical memristor-based modified Chua’s circuit
journal, April 2019

  • Guo, Mei; Yang, Wenyan; Xue, Youbao
  • Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol. 29, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5089293

A Boolean OR gate implemented with an optoelectronic switching memristor
journal, October 2019

  • Zhao, Jianhui; Zhou, Zhenyu; Wang, Hong
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5120352

Light-activated electroforming in ITO/ZnO/ p -Si resistive switching devices
journal, December 2019

  • Blázquez, O.; Frieiro, J. L.; López-Vidrier, J.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5125844

Engineering of defects in resistive random access memory devices
journal, February 2020

  • Banerjee, Writam; Liu, Qi; Hwang, Hyunsang
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5136264

Low power non-volatile memory switching in monolayer-rich 2D WS 2 and MoS 2 devices
journal, February 2020

  • Mihai, C.; Sava, F.; Galca, A. C.
  • AIP Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5140717

Recent progress in analog memory-based accelerators for deep learning
journal, June 2018

  • Tsai, Hsinyu; Ambrogio, Stefano; Narayanan, Pritish
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aac8a5

Modeling framework and comparison of memristive devices and associated STDP learning windows for neuromorphic applications
journal, July 2019

  • Zayer, Fakhreddine; Dghais, Wael; Belgacem, Hamdi
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 39
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab24a7

Efficient implementation of synaptic learning rules for neuromorphic computing based on plasma-treated ZnO nanowire memristors
journal, November 2019

  • Wan, Jiandong; Qiu, Wenbiao; Lai, Yunfeng
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab5382

Nanoscale potential fluctuations in nonstoichiometrics tantalum oxide
journal, August 2018

  • Gritsenko, Vladimir A.; Volodin, Vladimir A.; Perevalov, Timofey V.
  • Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad430

Learning of spatiotemporal patterns in a spiking neural network with resistive switching synapses
journal, September 2018


Parallel programming of an ionic floating-gate memory array for scalable neuromorphic computing
journal, April 2019

  • Fuller, Elliot J.; Keene, Scott T.; Melianas, Armantas
  • Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6440
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5581

Effect of Ag Concentration Dispersed in HfOx Thin Films on Threshold Switching
journal, January 2020

  • Jeong, Won Hee; Han, Jeong Hwan; Choi, Byung Joon
  • Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-3258-6

Nanosystems, Edge Computing, and the Next Generation Computing Systems
journal, September 2019


Optoelectronic Synapse Based on IGZO-Alkylated Graphene Oxide Hybrid Structure
journal, October 2018

  • Sun, Jia; Oh, Seyong; Choi, Yongsuk
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201804397

Ultrasensitive Memristive Synapses Based on Lightly Oxidized Sulfide Films
journal, April 2017


A 1D Vanadium Dioxide Nanochannel Constructed via Electric-Field-Induced Ion Transport and its Superior Metal-Insulator Transition
journal, August 2017


On-Demand Reconfiguration of Nanomaterials: When Electronics Meets Ionics
journal, October 2017


Atomically Thin Femtojoule Memristive Device
journal, October 2017


Artificial Sensory Memory
journal, July 2019


Memristive Synapses for Brain-Inspired Computing
journal, January 2019


Unconventional Inorganic‐Based Memristive Devices for Advanced Intelligent Systems
journal, February 2019

  • Sung, Sang Hyun; Kim, Do Hyun; Kim, Tae Jin
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900080

Designing High‐Performance Storage in HfO 2 /BiFeO 3 Memristor for Artificial Synapse Applications
journal, January 2020

  • Liu, Lei; Xiong, Wen; Liu, Yanxin
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201901012

Artificial optic-neural synapse for colored and color-mixed pattern recognition
journal, November 2018


Impact of Synaptic Device Variations on Pattern Recognition Accuracy in a Hardware Neural Network
journal, February 2018


Artificial Shape Perception Retina Network Based on Tunable Memristive Neurons
journal, September 2018


Full imitation of synaptic metaplasticity based on memristor devices
journal, January 2018


Stretchable and conformable synapse memristors for wearable and implantable electronics
journal, January 2018

  • Yang, Mihua; Zhao, Xiaoli; Tang, Qingxin
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 38
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05336g

Phase-change nanoclusters embedded in a memristor for simulating synaptic learning
journal, January 2019


Configurable ultra-low operating voltage resistive switching between bipolar and threshold behaviors for Ag/TaO x /Pt structures
journal, September 2018

  • Huang, Xu; Jiang, Kang'an; Niu, Yiru
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5047925

Roadmap on material-function mapping for photonic-electronic hybrid neural networks
journal, October 2019

  • Miscuglio, Mario; Adam, Gina C.; Kuzum, Duygu
  • APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5109689

Investigation on the formation process of metal atomic filament for metal sulfide atomic switches by electrical measurement
journal, January 2019


Phase noise-induced coherence resonance in three dimension memristive Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model
journal, October 2019


Coexisting Behaviors of Asymmetric Attractors in Hyperbolic-Type Memristor based Hopfield Neural Network
journal, August 2017


A Review: Preparation, Performance, and Applications of Silicon Oxynitride Film
journal, August 2019

  • Shi, Yue; He, Liang; Guang, Fangcao
  • Micromachines, Vol. 10, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3390/mi10080552

Synaptic Suppression Triplet-STDP Learning Rule Realized in Second-Order Memristors
journal, December 2017

  • Yang, Rui; Huang, He-Ming; Hong, Qing-Hui
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201704455

Synapse-Like Organic Thin Film Memristors
journal, April 2018

  • Zhong, Ya-Nan; Wang, Tian; Gao, Xu
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201800854

Fabrication of a Cu-Cone-Shaped Cation Source Inserted Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory and Its Improved Switching Reliability
journal, January 2019

  • Kim, Hae Jin; Park, Tae Hyung; Yoon, Kyung Jean
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806278

Reconfigurable Logic‐in‐Memory and Multilingual Artificial Synapses Based on 2D Heterostructures
journal, January 2020

  • Xiong, Xiong; Kang, Jiyang; Hu, Qianlan
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909645

Artificial Synapses Emulated by an Electrolyte-Gated Tungsten-Oxide Transistor
journal, July 2018


Truly Concomitant and Independently Expressed Short‐ and Long‐Term Plasticity in a Bi 2 O 2 Se‐Based Three‐Terminal Memristor
journal, September 2018


Emerging Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, January 2019

  • Upadhyay, Navnidhi K.; Jiang, Hao; Wang, Zhongrui
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800589

An Evolvable Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Neuromorphic Applications
journal, February 2019

  • Gerasimov, Jennifer Y.; Gabrielsson, Roger; Forchheimer, Robert
  • Advanced Science, Vol. 6, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801339

Nanoionics-Enabled Memristive Devices: Strategies and Materials for Neuromorphic Applications
journal, May 2017

  • Wang, Zhiyong; Wang, Laiyuan; Nagai, Masaru
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201600510

Silicon-Based Hybrid Optoelectronic Devices with Synaptic Plasticity and Stateful Photoresponse
journal, June 2018


Memristors for Hardware Security Applications
journal, November 2018

  • Pang, Yachuan; Gao, Bin; Lin, Bohan
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201800872

Reconfigurable Artificial Synapses between Excitatory and Inhibitory Modes Based on Single-Gate Graphene Transistors
journal, February 2019

  • Yao, Yao; Huang, Xinnan; Peng, Songang
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201800887

Directed Assembly of Nanoparticle Threshold‐Selector Arrays
journal, May 2019

  • Speckbacher, Maximilian; Rinderle, Michael; Kaiser, Waldemar
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900098

Nanoionic Resistive‐Switching Devices
journal, November 2018

  • Zhu, Xiaojian; Lee, Seung Hwan; Lu, Wei D.
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900184

Electronic Devices and Circuits Based on Wafer‐Scale Polycrystalline Monolayer MoS 2 by Chemical Vapor Deposition
journal, June 2019

  • Wang, Lin; Chen, Li; Wong, Swee Liang
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900393

2D Resistive Switching Based on Amorphous Zinc–Tin Oxide Schottky Diodes
journal, December 2019

  • Casa Branca, Nuno; Deuermeier, Jonas; Martins, Jorge
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900958

Recent Progress in Real‐Time Adaptable Digital Neuromorphic Hardware
journal, August 2019

  • Kornijcuk, Vladimir; Jeong, Doo Seok
  • Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol. 1, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900030

Mimicking Neurotransmitter Release and Long‐Term Plasticity by Oxygen Vacancy Migration in a Tunnel Junction Memristor
journal, June 2019

  • Tan, Hongwei; Majumdar, Sayani; Qin, Qihang
  • Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol. 1, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900036

Recent Progress in Photonic Synapses for Neuromorphic Systems
journal, January 2020

  • Zhang, Junyao; Dai, Shilei; Zhao, Yiwei
  • Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900136

Recent Progress in Three‐Terminal Artificial Synapses: From Device to System
journal, March 2019


A compact model for selectors based on metal doped electrolyte
journal, March 2018


Efficient and hardware-friendly methods to implement competitive learning for spiking neural networks
journal, February 2020


Nanogenerator-induced synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity of bio-realistic artificial synapses
journal, May 2017

  • Kim, Bo-Yun; Hwang, Hyun-Gyu; Woo, Jong-Un
  • NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/am.2017.64

Reservoir computing using dynamic memristors for temporal information processing
journal, December 2017


Biological plausibility and stochasticity in scalable VO2 active memristor neurons
journal, November 2018


Self-limited single nanowire systems combining all-in-one memristive and neuromorphic functionalities
journal, December 2018


Charge disproportionate molecular redox for discrete memristive and memcapacitive switching
journal, March 2020


Dissipative self-organization in optical space
journal, October 2018


Habituation/Fatigue behavior of a synapse memristor based on IGZO–HfO2 thin film
journal, August 2017


Temporal data classification and forecasting using a memristor-based reservoir computing system
journal, October 2019


An efficient analog Hamming distance comparator realized with a unipolar memristor array: a showcase of physical computing
journal, January 2017

  • Ge, Ning; Yoon, Jung Ho; Hu, Miao
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep40135

Keggin-type polyoxometalate cluster as an active component for redox-based nonvolatile memory
journal, January 2019

  • Chen, Xiaoli; Huang, Pu; Zhu, Xin
  • Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 4, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00366a

Designing carbon conductive filament memristor devices for memory and electronic synapse applications
journal, January 2020

  • Zhou, Zhenyu; Zhao, Jianhui; Chen, Andy Paul
  • Materials Horizons, Vol. 7, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9mh01684h

A dual mode electronic synapse based on layered SnSe films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition
journal, January 2020

  • Chen, Xinxin; Suen, Chun-Hung; Yau, Hei-Man
  • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9na00447e

Breakthrough in high ON-state current based on Ag–GeTe 8 selectors
journal, January 2020

  • Zhang, Sifan; Wu, Liangcai; Song, Zhitang
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc06673j

Tutorial: Fabrication and three-dimensional integration of nanoscale memristive devices and arrays
journal, October 2018

  • Lin, Peng; Xia, Qiangfei
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5038109

Aspects of the a-TiO x memristor active medium technology
journal, November 2018

  • Palagushkin, A. N.; Roshchupkin, D. V.; Yudkin, F. A.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5038919

Optically modulated electric synapses realized with memristors based on ZnO nanorods
journal, August 2018

  • Zhou, Wen; Yang, Rui; He, Hui-Kai
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5045643

Redox-based memristive devices for new computing paradigm
journal, November 2019

  • Dittmann, R.; Strachan, J. P.
  • APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5129101

Regulating phase change behavior and surface characteristics of Sn 15 Sb 85 thin film by oxygen doping
journal, July 2019

  • Hu, Yifeng; You, Haipeng; Chou, Qingqian
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab31cb

Artificial synaptic device based on a multiferroic heterostructure
journal, September 2019

  • Lu, Pei-Pei; Shen, Jian-Xin; Shang, Da-Shan
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab3b33

Synaptic functions and a memristive mechanism on Pt/AlO x /HfO x /TiN bilayer-structure memristors
journal, November 2019

  • Liu, Chang; Wang, Lai-Guo; Cao, Yan-Qiang
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab4e70

Single- and double-gate synaptic transistor with TaO x gate insulator and IGZO channel layer
journal, November 2018


Design of defect-chemical properties and device performance in memristive systems
journal, May 2020


Analog Switching and Artificial Synaptic Behavior of Ag/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++-Si Memristor Device
journal, January 2020


Truly Electroforming-Free and Low-Energy Memristors with Preconditioned Conductive Tunneling Paths
journal, August 2017

  • Yoon, Jung Ho; Zhang, Jiaming; Ren, Xiaochen
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201702010

An Artificial Sensory Neuron with Tactile Perceptual Learning
journal, June 2018


Multifunctional Nanoionic Devices Enabling Simultaneous Heterosynaptic Plasticity and Efficient In-Memory Boolean Logic
journal, May 2017

  • Yang, Yuchao; Yin, Minghui; Yu, Zhizhen
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201700032

Threshold Switching in Single Metal‐Oxide Nanobelt Devices Emulating an Artificial Nociceptor
journal, November 2019

  • Xiao, Ming; Shen, Daozhi; Futscher, Moritz H.
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900595

Probing nanoscale oxygen ion motion in memristive systems
journal, May 2017

  • Yang, Yuchao; Zhang, Xiaoxian; Qin, Liang
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15173

An artificial nociceptor based on a diffusive memristor
journal, January 2018


Emergent dynamics of neuromorphic nanowire networks
journal, October 2019


Physical mechanism for the synapse behaviour of WTiO x -based memristors
journal, January 2019

  • Zhang, Hengjie; Cheng, Chuantong; Zhang, Huan
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05060d

Perspective: Uniform switching of artificial synapses for large-scale neuromorphic arrays
journal, December 2018

  • Tan, Scott H.; Lin, Peng; Yeon, Hanwool
  • APL Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5049137

Modulating metallic conductive filaments via bilayer oxides in resistive switching memory
journal, May 2019

  • Sun, Y. M.; Song, C.; Yin, J.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5098382

Avalanches and criticality in self-organized nanoscale networks
journal, November 2019


Dynamics analysis of a fractional-order delayed SBT memristive chaotic system without equilibrium points
journal, September 2019


On the Application of a Diffusive Memristor Compact Model to Neuromorphic Circuits
journal, July 2019

  • Cisternas Ferri, Agustín; Rapoport, Alan; Fierens, Pablo I.
  • Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.3390/ma12142260

Memristors for the Curious Outsiders
journal, December 2018


Ultra compact electrochemical metallization cells offering reproducible atomic scale memristive switching
text, January 2019


Multifunctional Optoelectronic Device Based on Resistive Switching Effects
book, August 2018


Anatomy of Ag/Hafnia-Based Selectors with 10 10 Nonlinearity
journal, January 2017

  • Midya, Rivu; Wang, Zhongrui; Zhang, Jiaming
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604457

Breaking the Current-Retention Dilemma in Cation-Based Resistive Switching Devices Utilizing Graphene with Controlled Defects
journal, February 2018


Mediating Short-Term Plasticity in an Artificial Memristive Synapse by the Orientation of Silica Mesopores
journal, March 2018


A MoS 2 /PTCDA Hybrid Heterojunction Synapse with Efficient Photoelectric Dual Modulation and Versatility
journal, September 2018

  • Wang, Shuiyuan; Chen, Chunsheng; Yu, Zhihao
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806227

Functional Oxides for Photoneuromorphic Engineering: Toward a Solar Brain
journal, June 2019


Emerging Artificial Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, February 2019

  • Wan, Qingzhou; Sharbati, Mohammad T.; Erickson, John R.
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900037

Energy-Efficient Organic Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, January 2019

  • Majumdar, Sayani; Tan, Hongwei; Qin, Qi Hang
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201800795

Scalable 3D Ta:SiO x Memristive Devices
journal, November 2018


A Fully Printed Flexible MoS 2 Memristive Artificial Synapse with Femtojoule Switching Energy
journal, September 2019

  • Feng, Xuewei; Li, Yida; Wang, Lin
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201900740

Emulation of Learning and Memory Behaviors by Memristor Based on Ag Migration on 2D MoS 2 Surface
journal, April 2019


Photonic Synapses for Ultrahigh‐Speed Neuromorphic Computing
journal, May 2019

  • Zhuge, Xia; Wang, Jingrui; Zhuge, Fei
  • physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201900082

Analog–Digital Hybrid Memristive Devices for Image Pattern Recognition with Tunable Learning Accuracy and Speed
journal, April 2019


Diverse spike-timing-dependent plasticity based on multilevel HfO x memristor for neuromorphic computing
journal, May 2018


Implementation of multilayer perceptron network with highly uniform passive memristive crossbar circuits
journal, June 2018


Graphene/h-BN Heterostructures for Vertical Architecture of RRAM Design
journal, August 2017


Handwritten-Digit Recognition by Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network based on HfO2 Memristive Spiking-Neuron
journal, August 2018


Binarized Neural Network with Silicon Nanosheet Synaptic Transistors for Supervised Pattern Classification
journal, August 2019


Chemically addressed switching measurements in graphene electrode memristive devices using in situ XPS
journal, January 2019

  • Köymen, Itır; Aydoğan Göktürk, Pınar; Kocabaş, Coşkun
  • Faraday Discussions, Vol. 213
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00129d

Synaptic behaviors of thin-film transistor with a Pt/HfO x /n-type indium–gallium–zinc oxide gate stack
journal, May 2018


Synthesis of large-area multilayer hexagonal boron nitride sheets on iron substrates and its use in resistive switching devices
journal, June 2018


Biological plausibility and stochasticity in scalable VO2 active memristor neurons
text, January 2018


A Threshold Switching Selector Based on Highly Ordered Ag Nanodots for X‐Point Memory Applications
journal, March 2019


Light Driven Active Transition of Switching Modes in Homogeneous Oxides/Graphene Heterostructure
journal, April 2019


Low‐Voltage Oscillatory Neurons for Memristor‐Based Neuromorphic Systems
journal, August 2019


Probing nanoscale oxygen ion motion in memristive systems
journal, May 2017

  • Yang, Yuchao; Zhang, Xiaoxian; Qin, Liang
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15173

Three-dimensional crossbar arrays of self-rectifying Si/SiO2/Si memristors
journal, June 2017

  • Li, Can; Han, Lili; Jiang, Hao
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15666

Flexible three-dimensional artificial synapse networks with correlated learning and trainable memory capability
journal, September 2017


A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor
journal, October 2017


An artificial nociceptor based on a diffusive memristor
journal, January 2018


Neuromorphic computing with multi-memristive synapses
journal, June 2018


Capacitive neural network with neuro-transistors
journal, August 2018


Artificial optic-neural synapse for colored and color-mixed pattern recognition
journal, November 2018


Spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning of coincidence detection with passively integrated memristive circuits
journal, December 2018


Surface diffusion-limited lifetime of silver and copper nanofilaments in resistive switching devices
journal, January 2019


Understanding memristive switching via in situ characterization and device modeling
journal, August 2019


Toward a generalized Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro rule for spatiotemporal learning via triplet-STDP in memristive devices
journal, March 2020


Sub-nanosecond memristor based on ferroelectric tunnel junction
journal, March 2020


Graphene/h-BN Heterostructures for Vertical Architecture of RRAM Design
journal, August 2017


Compliance-Free, Digital SET and Analog RESET Synaptic Characteristics of Sub-Tantalum Oxide Based Neuromorphic Device
journal, January 2018


Impact of Synaptic Device Variations on Pattern Recognition Accuracy in a Hardware Neural Network
journal, February 2018


Electrochemical metallization cell with solid phase tunable Ge2Sb2Te5 electrolyte
journal, August 2018


Electrochemical metallization cell with anion supplying active electrode
journal, August 2018


Handwritten-Digit Recognition by Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network based on HfO2 Memristive Spiking-Neuron
journal, August 2018


Emergent dynamics of neuromorphic nanowire networks
journal, October 2019


Time and rate dependent synaptic learning in neuro-mimicking resistive memories
journal, October 2019


Diffusive Memristive Switching on the Nanoscale, from Individual Nanoparticles towards Scalable Nanocomposite Devices
journal, November 2019


Spike-shape dependence of the spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity in ferroelectric-tunnel-junction synapses
journal, November 2019


A caloritronics-based Mott neuristor
journal, March 2020


Sputtering-deposited amorphous SrVOx-based memristor for use in neuromorphic computing
journal, April 2020


An efficient analog Hamming distance comparator realized with a unipolar memristor array: a showcase of physical computing
journal, January 2017

  • Ge, Ning; Yoon, Jung Ho; Hu, Miao
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep40135

Computing of temporal information in spiking neural networks with ReRAM synapses
journal, January 2019


Memristive stochastic plasticity enables mimicking of neural synchrony: Memristive circuit emulates an optical illusion
journal, October 2017

  • Ignatov, Marina; Ziegler, Martin; Hansen, Mirko
  • Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700849

Learning of spatiotemporal patterns in a spiking neural network with resistive switching synapses
journal, September 2018


Avalanches and criticality in self-organized nanoscale networks
journal, November 2019


On the Application of a Diffusive Memristor Compact Model to Neuromorphic Circuits
journal, July 2019

  • Cisternas Ferri, Agustín; Rapoport, Alan; Fierens, Pablo I.
  • Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.3390/ma12142260

Memristive and CMOS Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, January 2020

  • Milo, Valerio; Malavena, Gerardo; Monzio Compagnoni, Christian
  • Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3390/ma13010166

A Review: Preparation, Performance, and Applications of Silicon Oxynitride Film
journal, August 2019

  • Shi, Yue; He, Liang; Guang, Fangcao
  • Micromachines, Vol. 10, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3390/mi10080552

Wearable Intrinsically Soft, Stretchable, Flexible Devices for Memories and Computing
journal, January 2018

  • Rajan, Krishna; Garofalo, Erik; Chiolerio, Alessandro
  • Sensors, Vol. 18, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3390/s18020367

Nanosystems, Edge Computing, and the Next Generation Computing Systems
journal, September 2019


A Photoelectric-Stimulated MoS 2 Transistor for Neuromorphic Engineering
journal, November 2019


Biological plausibility and stochasticity in scalable VO2 active memristor neurons
text, January 2018