Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report

Kharzeev, D. E.; Liao, J.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wang, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.01.001

Title: Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report

Abstract

Here, the interplay of quantum anomalies with magnetic field and vorticity results in a variety of novel non-dissipative transport phenomena in systems with chiral fermions, including the quark–gluon plasma. Among them is the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME)—the generation of electric current along an external magnetic field induced by chirality imbalance. Because the chirality imbalance is related to the global topology of gauge fields, the CME current is topologically protected and hence non-dissipative even in the presence of strong interactions. As a result, the CME and related quantum phenomena affect the hydrodynamical and transport behavior of strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma, and can be studied in relativistic heavy ion collisions where strong magnetic fields are created by the colliding ions. Evidence for the CME and related phenomena has been reported by the STAR Collaboration at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL, and by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The goal of the present review is to provide an elementary introduction into the physics of anomalous chiral effects, to describe the current status of experimental studies in heavy ion physics, and to outline the future work, both in experiment and theory, needed to eliminate the existing uncertainties inmore » the interpretation of the data.« less

Authors:

Kharzeev, D. E. ^[1]; Liao, J. ^[2]; Voloshin, S. A. ^[3]; Wang, G. ^[4]

Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sun May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1335482

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1359799

Report Number(s):: BNL-112159-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0146-6410; R&D Project: PO-3

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704; FG-88ER40388; SC0012704; FG02-92ER-40713; FG02-88ER40424

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 88; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0146-6410

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Riken BNL Research Center; chiral magnetic effect; chiral vortical effect; chiral anomaly; quark-gluon plasma; heavy ion collisions

Citation Formats


                    Kharzeev, D. E., Liao, J., Voloshin, S. A., and Wang, G. Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.01.001.

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                    Kharzeev, D. E., Liao, J., Voloshin, S. A., & Wang, G. Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.01.001

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                    Kharzeev, D. E., Liao, J., Voloshin, S. A., and Wang, G. Sun .  
"Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.01.001.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1335482.

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@article{osti_1335482,

  title        = {Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report},

  author       = {Kharzeev, D. E. and Liao, J. and Voloshin, S. A. and Wang, G.},

  abstractNote = {Here, the interplay of quantum anomalies with magnetic field and vorticity results in a variety of novel non-dissipative transport phenomena in systems with chiral fermions, including the quark–gluon plasma. Among them is the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME)—the generation of electric current along an external magnetic field induced by chirality imbalance. Because the chirality imbalance is related to the global topology of gauge fields, the CME current is topologically protected and hence non-dissipative even in the presence of strong interactions. As a result, the CME and related quantum phenomena affect the hydrodynamical and transport behavior of strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma, and can be studied in relativistic heavy ion collisions where strong magnetic fields are created by the colliding ions. Evidence for the CME and related phenomena has been reported by the STAR Collaboration at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL, and by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The goal of the present review is to provide an elementary introduction into the physics of anomalous chiral effects, to describe the current status of experimental studies in heavy ion physics, and to outline the future work, both in experiment and theory, needed to eliminate the existing uncertainties in the interpretation of the data.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.01.001},

  journal      = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 88,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Sun May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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arXiv
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Nonlinear Responses of Chiral Fluids from Kinetic Theory
text, January 2017

Hidaka, Yoshimasa; Pu, Shi; Yang, Di-Lun
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.00278

A New Correlator to Detect and Characterize the Chiral Magnetic Effect
text, January 2017

Magdy, Niseem; Shi, Shuzhe; Liao, Jinfeng
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.01717

Varying the chiral magnetic effect relative to flow in a single nucleus-nucleus collision
text, January 2017

Xu, Hao-jie; Zhao, Jie; Wang, Xiaobao
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.07265

IR properties of chiral effects in pionic matter
text, January 2017

Avdoshkin, A.; Sadofyev, A. V.; Zakharov, V. I.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1712.01256

Disentangling covariant Wigner functions for chiral fermions
text, January 2018

Gao, Jian-Hua; Liang, Zuo-Tang; Wang, Qun
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.06216

Dynamics of vortices in chiral media: the chiral propulsion effect
text, January 2018

Hirono, Yuji; Kharzeev, Dmitri E.; Sadofyev, Andrey V.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.00381

Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
text, January 2018

Zhao, Jie
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.02814

Transport coefficients of hot magnetized QCD matter beyond the lowest Landau level approximation
text, January 2018

Kurian, Manu; Mitra, Sukanya; Ghosh, Snigdha
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.07313

Effects of rotation and acceleration in the axial current: density operator vs Wigner function
text, January 2018

Prokhorov, George Y.; Teryaev, Oleg V.; Zakharov, Valentin I.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1807.03584

Dynamical topological transitions in the massive Schwinger model with a θ-term
text, January 2018

Zache, T. V.; Mueller, N.; Schneider, J. T.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.07885

Thermal vorticity and spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2018

Wei, De-Xian; Deng, Wei-Tian; Huang, Xu-Guang
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.00151

The chiral vortical effect in Wigner function approach
text, January 2018

Gao, Jian-hua; Pang, Jin-yi; Wang, Qun
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.02028

On Mass correction to Chiral Vortical Effect and Chiral Separation Effect
text, January 2018

Lin, Shu; Yang, Lixin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.02979

Longitudinal conductivity of hot magnetized collisional QCD medium in the inhomogeneous electric field
text, January 2019

Kurian, Manu; Chandra, Vinod
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.09200

Axial Kinetic Theory and Spin Transport for Fermions with Arbitrary Mass
text, January 2019

Hattori, Koichi; Hidaka, Yoshimasa; Yang, Di-Lun
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.01653

Mass Correction to Chiral Kinetic Equations
text, January 2019

Wang, Ziyue; Guo, Xingyu; Shi, Shuzhe
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.03461

Permanent mean spin source of the chiral magnetic effect in neutron stars
text, January 2019

Dvornikov, Maxim; Semikoz, Victor B.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.05768

Chiral vortical conductivity across a topological phase transition from holography
text, January 2019

Ji, Xuanting; Liu, Yan; Wu, Xin-Meng
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.08058

A microscopic description for polarization in particle scatterings
text, January 2019

Zhang, Jun-jie; Fang, Ren-hong; Wang, Qun
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.09152

Local spin polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions
text, January 2019

Wu, Hong-Zhong; Pang, Long-Gang; Huang, Xu-Guang
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1906.09385

Relaxation Time for Strange Quark Spin in Rotating Quark-Gluon Plasma
text, January 2019

Kapusta, Joseph I.; Rrapaj, Ermal; Rudaz, Serge
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1907.10750

Rotation induced charged pion condensation in a strong magnetic field: A Nambu--Jona-Lasino model study
text, January 2019

Cao, Gaoqing; He, Lianyi
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.02728

Mass Effect on Axial Charge Dynamics
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Guo, Er-dong; Lin, Shu
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1602.03952

Transport Properties of Chiral Fermions
text, January 2017

Puhr, Matthias
Universität Regensburg
DOI: 10.5283/epub.35622

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Title: Chiral magnetic and vortical effects in high-energy nuclear collisions—A status report

Abstract

Citation Formats

Pseudoparticle solutions of the Yang-Mills equations journal, October 1975

The structure of the gauge theory vacuum journal, August 1976

Computation of the quantum effects due to a four-dimensional pseudoparticle journal, December 1976

Erratum: Computation of the quantum effects due to a four-dimensional pseudoparticle journal, September 1978

Instantons in QCD journal, April 1998

Color Confinement and Screening in the θ Vacuum of QCD journal, June 2015

On the phase transition towards permanent quark confinement journal, June 1978

II. Vortices and quark confinement in non-Abelian gauge theories journal, February 1976

III. Magnetic and electric confinement of quarks journal, February 1976

Strings, monopoles, and gauge fields journal, December 1974

Axial-Vector Vertex in Spinor Electrodynamics journal, January 1969

A PCAC puzzle: π0→γγ in the σ-model journal, March 1969

Dirac operators coupled to vector potentials journal, April 1984

The Chiral Magnetic Effect and anomaly-induced transport journal, March 2014

Anomalous transport effects and possible environmental symmetry ‘violation’ in heavy-ion collisions journal, May 2015

Topology, Magnetic Field, and Strongly Interacting Matter journal, October 2015

The effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions: “Event by event and violation” journal, May 2008

Parity violation in hot QCD: Why it can happen, and how to look for it journal, February 2006

Charge separation induced by -odd bubbles in QCD matter journal, December 2007

Fluid dynamics of R-charged black holes journal, January 2009

The chiral magnetic effect in hydrodynamical approach journal, March 2011

Fluid-Gravity Model for the Chiral Magnetic Effect journal, May 2011

Anomalous chiral superfluidity journal, February 2010

Gravitational Anomaly and Transport Phenomena journal, July 2011

Relativistic hydrodynamics with general anomalous charges journal, March 2011

Thermodynamics, gravitational anomalies and cones journal, February 2013

Chiral magnetic wave journal, April 2011

Anomalous hydrodynamics journal, January 2006

Chiral Magnetic Wave at Finite Baryon Density and the Electric Quadrupole Moment of the Quark-Gluon Plasma journal, July 2011

Chiral Kinetic Theory journal, October 2012

Lorentz Invariance in Chiral Kinetic Theory journal, October 2014

Collective modes of chiral kinetic theory in a magnetic field journal, June 2015

Magnetotransport in Dirac metals: Chiral magnetic effect and quantum oscillations journal, October 2015

Testing the Chiral Magnetic and Chiral Vortical Effects in Heavy Ion Collisions journal, February 2011

Evidence for the chiral anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi journal, September 2015

Particle Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, January 2013

Quantum field theory in a magnetic field: From quantum chromodynamics to graphene and Dirac semimetals journal, April 2015

Anomalous chirality fluctuations in the initial stage of heavy ion collisions and parity odd bubbles journal, October 2002

Axial Current Generation by P -Odd Domains in QCD Matter journal, June 2015

Real-Time Dynamics of the Chiral Magnetic Effect journal, May 2010

Macroscopic parity-violating effects: Neutrino fluxes from rotating black holes and in rotating thermal radiation journal, October 1979

Anomalous axion interactions and topological currents in dense matter journal, August 2005

Chiral conductivities and effective field theory journal, October 2013

Holographic chiral electric separation effect journal, April 2014

Hydrodynamics from charged black branes journal, January 2011

Holographic nonlinear hydrodynamics from AdS/CFT with multiple/non-abelian symmetries journal, August 2009

Angular momentum conservation in heavy ion collisions at very high energy journal, February 2008

Holographic gravitational anomaly and chiral vortical effect journal, September 2011

Frequency dependence of the Chiral Vortical Effect journal, September 2014

(Non)-renormalization of the chiral vortical effect coefficient journal, February 2015

Temperature dependence of the chiral vortical effects journal, May 2014

Triangle anomaly in Weyl semimetals journal, January 2014

Anomaly induced chiral magnetic current in a Weyl semimetal: Chiral electronics journal, September 2013

Chiral anomaly, dimensional reduction, and magnetoresistivity of Weyl and Dirac semimetals journal, February 2014

Normal ground state of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field journal, April 2011

Event-by-event fluctuations of magnetic and electric fields in heavy ion collisions journal, March 2012

Event-by-event generation of electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions journal, April 2012

Azimuthally fluctuating magnetic field and its impacts on observables in heavy-ion collisions journal, January 2013

Comments about the electromagnetic field in heavy-ion collisions journal, September 2014

Magnetohydrodynamics, charged currents, and directed flow in heavy ion collisions journal, May 2014

Conformal Anomaly as a Source of Soft Photons in Heavy Ion Collisions journal, November 2012

Dynamical evolution of the chiral magnetic effect: Applications to the quark-gluon plasma journal, October 2015

Λ polarization in peripheral heavy ion collisions journal, September 2013

Some features of the glasma journal, June 2006

From color glass condensate to quark–gluon plasma through the event horizon journal, May 2005

Parity violation in hot QCD: How to detect it journal, November 2004

Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions journal, September 1998

Charge separation effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, November 2010

Azimuthal correlations from transverse momentum conservation and possible local parity violation journal, January 2011

Effects of momentum conservation and flow on angular correlations observed in experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider journal, August 2011

Charge conservation at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and contributions to local parity violation observables journal, January 2011

Chiral magnetic wave in an expanding QCD fluid journal, February 2015

Realistic implementation of chiral magnetic wave in heavy ion collisions journal, April 2014

Charged elliptic flow at zero charge asymmetry journal, July 2013

Constituent quark scaling violation due to baryon number transport journal, October 2011

Hydrodynamics at large baryon densities: Understanding proton versus anti-proton v 2 and other puzzles journal, October 2012

Measurement of charge multiplicity asymmetry correlations in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal, April 2014

Pseudoparticle solutions of the Yang-Mills equations
journal, October 1975

The structure of the gauge theory vacuum
journal, August 1976

Computation of the quantum effects due to a four-dimensional pseudoparticle
journal, December 1976

Erratum: Computation of the quantum effects due to a four-dimensional pseudoparticle
journal, September 1978

Instantons in QCD
journal, April 1998

Color Confinement and Screening in the $θ$ Vacuum of QCD
journal, June 2015

On the phase transition towards permanent quark confinement
journal, June 1978

II. Vortices and quark confinement in non-Abelian gauge theories
journal, February 1976

III. Magnetic and electric confinement of quarks
journal, February 1976

Strings, monopoles, and gauge fields
journal, December 1974

Axial-Vector Vertex in Spinor Electrodynamics
journal, January 1969

A PCAC puzzle: π0→γγ in the σ-model
journal, March 1969

Dirac operators coupled to vector potentials
journal, April 1984

The Chiral Magnetic Effect and anomaly-induced transport
journal, March 2014

Anomalous transport effects and possible environmental symmetry ‘violation’ in heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 2015

Topology, Magnetic Field, and Strongly Interacting Matter
journal, October 2015

The effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions: “Event by event and violation”
journal, May 2008

Parity violation in hot QCD: Why it can happen, and how to look for it
journal, February 2006

Charge separation induced by -odd bubbles in QCD matter
journal, December 2007

Fluid dynamics of R-charged black holes
journal, January 2009

The chiral magnetic effect in hydrodynamical approach
journal, March 2011

Fluid-Gravity Model for the Chiral Magnetic Effect
journal, May 2011

Anomalous chiral superfluidity
journal, February 2010

Gravitational Anomaly and Transport Phenomena
journal, July 2011

Relativistic hydrodynamics with general anomalous charges
journal, March 2011

Thermodynamics, gravitational anomalies and cones
journal, February 2013

Chiral magnetic wave
journal, April 2011

Anomalous hydrodynamics
journal, January 2006

Chiral Magnetic Wave at Finite Baryon Density and the Electric Quadrupole Moment of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
journal, July 2011

Chiral Kinetic Theory
journal, October 2012

Lorentz Invariance in Chiral Kinetic Theory
journal, October 2014

Collective modes of chiral kinetic theory in a magnetic field
journal, June 2015

Magnetotransport in Dirac metals: Chiral magnetic effect and quantum oscillations
journal, October 2015

Testing the Chiral Magnetic and Chiral Vortical Effects in Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, February 2011

Evidence for the chiral anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi
journal, September 2015

Particle Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, January 2013

Quantum field theory in a magnetic field: From quantum chromodynamics to graphene and Dirac semimetals
journal, April 2015

Anomalous chirality fluctuations in the initial stage of heavy ion collisions and parity odd bubbles
journal, October 2002

Axial Current Generation by $P$ -Odd Domains in QCD Matter
journal, June 2015

Real-Time Dynamics of the Chiral Magnetic Effect
journal, May 2010

Macroscopic parity-violating effects: Neutrino fluxes from rotating black holes and in rotating thermal radiation
journal, October 1979

Anomalous axion interactions and topological currents in dense matter
journal, August 2005

Chiral conductivities and effective field theory
journal, October 2013

Holographic chiral electric separation effect
journal, April 2014

Hydrodynamics from charged black branes
journal, January 2011

Holographic nonlinear hydrodynamics from AdS/CFT with multiple/non-abelian symmetries
journal, August 2009

Angular momentum conservation in heavy ion collisions at very high energy
journal, February 2008

Holographic gravitational anomaly and chiral vortical effect
journal, September 2011

Frequency dependence of the Chiral Vortical Effect
journal, September 2014

(Non)-renormalization of the chiral vortical effect coefficient
journal, February 2015

Temperature dependence of the chiral vortical effects
journal, May 2014

Triangle anomaly in Weyl semimetals
journal, January 2014

Anomaly induced chiral magnetic current in a Weyl semimetal: Chiral electronics
journal, September 2013

Chiral anomaly, dimensional reduction, and magnetoresistivity of Weyl and Dirac semimetals
journal, February 2014

Normal ground state of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field
journal, April 2011

Event-by-event fluctuations of magnetic and electric fields in heavy ion collisions
journal, March 2012

Event-by-event generation of electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
journal, April 2012

Azimuthally fluctuating magnetic field and its impacts on observables in heavy-ion collisions
journal, January 2013

Comments about the electromagnetic field in heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2014

Magnetohydrodynamics, charged currents, and directed flow in heavy ion collisions
journal, May 2014

Conformal Anomaly as a Source of Soft Photons in Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, November 2012

Dynamical evolution of the chiral magnetic effect: Applications to the quark-gluon plasma
journal, October 2015

$Λ$ polarization in peripheral heavy ion collisions
journal, September 2013

Some features of the glasma
journal, June 2006

From color glass condensate to quark–gluon plasma through the event horizon
journal, May 2005

Parity violation in hot QCD: How to detect it
journal, November 2004

Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, September 1998

Charge separation effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, November 2010

Azimuthal correlations from transverse momentum conservation and possible local parity violation
journal, January 2011

Effects of momentum conservation and flow on angular correlations observed in experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
journal, August 2011

Charge conservation at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and contributions to local parity violation observables
journal, January 2011

Chiral magnetic wave in an expanding QCD fluid
journal, February 2015

Realistic implementation of chiral magnetic wave in heavy ion collisions
journal, April 2014

Charged elliptic flow at zero charge asymmetry
journal, July 2013

Constituent quark scaling violation due to baryon number transport
journal, October 2011

Hydrodynamics at large baryon densities: Understanding proton versus anti-proton $v_{2}$ and other puzzles
journal, October 2012

Measurement of charge multiplicity asymmetry correlations in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200$ GeV
journal, April 2014

Search for Chiral Magnetic Effects in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, May 2013

Charge asymmetry dependence of $π / K$ anisotropic flow in $Au + Au$ and $U + U$ collisions at RHIC
journal, November 2014

Charge-dependent anisotropic flow studies and the search for the Chiral Magnetic Wave in ALICE
journal, November 2014