A DECam search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW151226
Abstract
We report the results of a Dark Energy Camera (DECam) optical follow-up of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW151226, discovered by the Advanced LIGO detectors. Our observations cover 28.8 deg2 of the localization region in the i and z bands (containing 3% of the BAYESTAR localization probability), starting 10 hours after the event was announced and spanning four epochs at 2–24 days after the GW detection. We achieve 5σ point-source limiting magnitudes of i ≈ 21.7 and z ≈ 21.5 , with a scatter of 0.4 mag, in our difference images. Given the two day delay, we search this area for a rapidly declining optical counterpart with ≳3σ significance steady decline between the first and final observations. We recover four sources that pass our selection criteria, of which three are cataloged AGN. The fourth source is offset by 5.8 arcsec from the center of a galaxy at a distance of 187 Mpc, exhibits a rapid decline by 0.5 mag over 4 days, and has a red color of i–z ≈ 0.3 mag. These properties roughly match the expectations for a kilonova. However, this source was detected several times, starting 94 days prior to GW151226, in the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transientsmore »
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- The DES Collaboration; DES Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1334303
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1334270; OSTI ID: 1454479; OSTI ID: 1602516
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-16-218-AE-PPD; arXiv:1606.04538
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-SF00515; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; SC0011726
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online); Journal Volume: 826; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; binaries: close; catalogs; gravitational waves; stars: neutron; surveys; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Citation Formats
Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Buckley-Geer, E., Cenko, S. B., Chen, H. Y., Chornock, R., Diehl, H. T., Doctor, Z., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fox, D. B., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gruendl, R. A., Herner, K., Holz, D. E., Kasen, D., Kessler, R., Lin, H., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Matheson, T., Metzger, B. D., Neilsen Jr., E. H., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, N., Sobreira, F., Strampelli, G. M., Villar, V. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Yanny, B., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Fosalba, P., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., and Weller, J. A DECam search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW151226. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/826/2/L29.
Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Buckley-Geer, E., Cenko, S. B., Chen, H. Y., Chornock, R., Diehl, H. T., Doctor, Z., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fox, D. B., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gruendl, R. A., Herner, K., Holz, D. E., Kasen, D., Kessler, R., Lin, H., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Matheson, T., Metzger, B. D., Neilsen Jr., E. H., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, N., Sobreira, F., Strampelli, G. M., Villar, V. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Yanny, B., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Fosalba, P., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., & Weller, J. A DECam search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW151226. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/826/2/L29
Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Brout, D., Brown, D. A., Buckley-Geer, E., Cenko, S. B., Chen, H. Y., Chornock, R., Diehl, H. T., Doctor, Z., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fox, D. B., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gruendl, R. A., Herner, K., Holz, D. E., Kasen, D., Kessler, R., Lin, H., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Matheson, T., Metzger, B. D., Neilsen Jr., E. H., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, N., Sobreira, F., Strampelli, G. M., Villar, V. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Yanny, B., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Fosalba, P., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., and Weller, J. Fri .
"A DECam search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW151226". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/826/2/L29. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1334303.
@article{osti_1334303,
title = {A DECam search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW151226},
author = {Cowperthwaite, P. S. and Berger, E. and Soares-Santos, M. and Annis, J. and Brout, D. and Brown, D. A. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Cenko, S. B. and Chen, H. Y. and Chornock, R. and Diehl, H. T. and Doctor, Z. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Drout, M. R. and Farr, B. and Finley, D. A. and Foley, R. J. and Fong, W. and Fox, D. B. and Frieman, J. and Garcia-Bellido, J. and Gill, M. S. S. and Gruendl, R. A. and Herner, K. and Holz, D. E. and Kasen, D. and Kessler, R. and Lin, H. and Margutti, R. and Marriner, J. and Matheson, T. and Metzger, B. D. and Neilsen Jr., E. H. and Quataert, E. and Rest, A. and Sako, M. and Scolnic, D. and Smith, N. and Sobreira, F. and Strampelli, G. M. and Villar, V. A. and Walker, A. R. and Wester, W. and Williams, P. K. G. and Yanny, B. and Abbott, T. M. C. and Abdalla, F. B. and Allam, S. and Armstrong, R. and Bechtol, K. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Cunha, C. E. and D’Andrea, C. B. and Costa, L. N. da and Desai, S. and Dietrich, J. P. and Evrard, A. E. and Neto, A. Fausti and Fosalba, P. and Gerdes, D. W. and Giannantonio, T. and Goldstein, D. A. and Gruen, D. and Gutierrez, G. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Johnson, M. W. G. and Johnson, M. D. and Krause, E. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lima, M. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Mohr, J. J. and Nichol, R. C. and Nord, B. and Ogando, R. and Plazas, A. A. and Reil, K. and Romer, A. K. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, R. C. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D. and Thomas, R. C. and Tucker, D. L. and Weller, J.},
abstractNote = {We report the results of a Dark Energy Camera (DECam) optical follow-up of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW151226, discovered by the Advanced LIGO detectors. Our observations cover 28.8 deg2 of the localization region in the i and z bands (containing 3% of the BAYESTAR localization probability), starting 10 hours after the event was announced and spanning four epochs at 2–24 days after the GW detection. We achieve 5σ point-source limiting magnitudes of i ≈ 21.7 and z ≈ 21.5 , with a scatter of 0.4 mag, in our difference images. Given the two day delay, we search this area for a rapidly declining optical counterpart with ≳3σ significance steady decline between the first and final observations. We recover four sources that pass our selection criteria, of which three are cataloged AGN. The fourth source is offset by 5.8 arcsec from the center of a galaxy at a distance of 187 Mpc, exhibits a rapid decline by 0.5 mag over 4 days, and has a red color of i–z ≈ 0.3 mag. These properties roughly match the expectations for a kilonova. However, this source was detected several times, starting 94 days prior to GW151226, in the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients (dubbed as PS15cdi) and is therefore unrelated to the GW event. Given its long-term behavior, PS15cdi is likely a Type IIP supernova that transitioned out of its plateau phase during our observations, mimicking a kilonova-like behavior. As a result, we comment on the implications of this detection for contamination in future optical follow-up observations.},
doi = {10.3847/2041-8205/826/2/L29},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 826,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Fri Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Web of Science
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