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Title: Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes

Abstract

Abstract Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O 3 ) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O 3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O 3 using the Community Earth System Model ( CESM ) revealed that in 2000, about 40% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions ( ER ) were exposed to O 3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O 3 , and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O 3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulationsmore » for 2050 show that O 3 exposure under emission scenario RCP 8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP 4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O 3 risks; rather, 50% of ER s still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ER s with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ER s, O 3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [5];  [6]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Agroscope Climate/Air Pollution Group Zurich Switzerland
  2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
  3. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Environment Centre Wales Bangor Gwynedd UK
  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
  5. Institute of Biodiversity Thünen Institute Braunschweig Germany
  6. Stockholm Environment Institute University of York York UK
Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1333037
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1333329
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Ecology and Evolution
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Ecology and Evolution Journal Volume: 6 Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-7758
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Fuhrer, Jürg, Val Martin, Maria, Mills, Gina, Heald, Colette L., Harmens, Harry, Hayes, Felicity, Sharps, Katrina, Bender, Jürgen, and Ashmore, Mike R. Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes. United Kingdom: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1002/ece3.2568.
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Fuhrer, Jürg, Val Martin, Maria, Mills, Gina, Heald, Colette L., Harmens, Harry, Hayes, Felicity, Sharps, Katrina, Bender, Jürgen, & Ashmore, Mike R. Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2568
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Fuhrer, Jürg, Val Martin, Maria, Mills, Gina, Heald, Colette L., Harmens, Harry, Hayes, Felicity, Sharps, Katrina, Bender, Jürgen, and Ashmore, Mike R. Mon . "Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2568.
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@article{osti_1333037,
title = {Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes},
author = {Fuhrer, Jürg and Val Martin, Maria and Mills, Gina and Heald, Colette L. and Harmens, Harry and Hayes, Felicity and Sharps, Katrina and Bender, Jürgen and Ashmore, Mike R.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O 3 ) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O 3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O 3 using the Community Earth System Model ( CESM ) revealed that in 2000, about 40% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions ( ER ) were exposed to O 3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O 3 , and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O 3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O 3 exposure under emission scenario RCP 8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP 4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O 3 risks; rather, 50% of ER s still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ER s with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ER s, O 3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.2568},
journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
number = 24,
volume = 6,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Mon Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Mon Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2568
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