Experimental evidence of edge intrinsic momentum source driven by kinetic ion loss and edge radial electric fields in tokamaks
Abstract
Here, bulk ion toroidal velocity profiles, VD+||, peaking at 40–60 km/s are observed with Mach probes in a narrow edge region of DIII-D discharges without external momentum input. This intrinsic rotation can be well reproduced by a first principle, collisionless kinetic loss model of thermal ion loss that predicts the existence of a loss-cone distribution in velocity space resulting in a co-Ip directed velocity. We consider two kinetic models, one of which includes turbulence-enhanced momentum transport, as well as the Pfirsch-Schluter (P-S) fluid mechanism. We measure a fine structure of the boundary radial electric field, Er, insofar ignored, featuring large (10–20 kV/m) positive peaks in the scrape off layer (SOL) at, or slightly inside, the last closed flux surface of these low power L- and H-mode discharges in DIII-D. The Er structure significantly affects the ion-loss model, extended to account for a non-uniform electric field. We also find that VD+|| is reduced when the magnetic topology is changed from lower single null to upper single null. The kinetic ion loss model containing turbulence-enhanced momentum transport can explain the reduction, as we find that the potential fluctuations decay with radius, while we need to invoke a topology-enhanced collisionality on the simplermore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- Contributing Org.:
- DIII-D Team
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1332295
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1325841; OSTI ID: 1331213; OSTI ID: 1371911; OSTI ID: 1515662; OSTI ID: 1542111
- Report Number(s):
- DOE-GA-30200-1; LLNL-JRNL-736686
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; TRN: US1701624
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-09CH11466; AC04-94AL85000; AC05-00OR22725; AC52-07NA27344; FC02- 04ER54698; FG02-07ER54917; FG02-95ER54309; FC02-04ER54698
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 23; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; turbulence simulations; tokamaks; torque; collision theories; electric fields; Physics - Plasma physics
Citation Formats
Boedo, J. A., deGrassie, J. S., Grierson, B., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Battaglia, D. J., Rudakov, D. L., Belli, E. A., Groebner, R. J., Hollmann, E., Lasnier, C., Solomon, W. M., Unterberg, E. A., and Watkins, J. Experimental evidence of edge intrinsic momentum source driven by kinetic ion loss and edge radial electric fields in tokamaks. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.4962683.
Boedo, J. A., deGrassie, J. S., Grierson, B., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Battaglia, D. J., Rudakov, D. L., Belli, E. A., Groebner, R. J., Hollmann, E., Lasnier, C., Solomon, W. M., Unterberg, E. A., & Watkins, J. Experimental evidence of edge intrinsic momentum source driven by kinetic ion loss and edge radial electric fields in tokamaks. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962683
Boedo, J. A., deGrassie, J. S., Grierson, B., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Battaglia, D. J., Rudakov, D. L., Belli, E. A., Groebner, R. J., Hollmann, E., Lasnier, C., Solomon, W. M., Unterberg, E. A., and Watkins, J. Wed .
"Experimental evidence of edge intrinsic momentum source driven by kinetic ion loss and edge radial electric fields in tokamaks". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962683. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1332295.
@article{osti_1332295,
title = {Experimental evidence of edge intrinsic momentum source driven by kinetic ion loss and edge radial electric fields in tokamaks},
author = {Boedo, J. A. and deGrassie, J. S. and Grierson, B. and Stoltzfus-Dueck, T. and Battaglia, D. J. and Rudakov, D. L. and Belli, E. A. and Groebner, R. J. and Hollmann, E. and Lasnier, C. and Solomon, W. M. and Unterberg, E. A. and Watkins, J.},
abstractNote = {Here, bulk ion toroidal velocity profiles, VD+||, peaking at 40–60 km/s are observed with Mach probes in a narrow edge region of DIII-D discharges without external momentum input. This intrinsic rotation can be well reproduced by a first principle, collisionless kinetic loss model of thermal ion loss that predicts the existence of a loss-cone distribution in velocity space resulting in a co-Ip directed velocity. We consider two kinetic models, one of which includes turbulence-enhanced momentum transport, as well as the Pfirsch-Schluter (P-S) fluid mechanism. We measure a fine structure of the boundary radial electric field, Er, insofar ignored, featuring large (10–20 kV/m) positive peaks in the scrape off layer (SOL) at, or slightly inside, the last closed flux surface of these low power L- and H-mode discharges in DIII-D. The Er structure significantly affects the ion-loss model, extended to account for a non-uniform electric field. We also find that VD+|| is reduced when the magnetic topology is changed from lower single null to upper single null. The kinetic ion loss model containing turbulence-enhanced momentum transport can explain the reduction, as we find that the potential fluctuations decay with radius, while we need to invoke a topology-enhanced collisionality on the simpler kinetic model. The P-S mechanism fails to reproduce the damping. We show a clear correlation between the near core VC6+|| velocity and the peak edge VD+|| in discharges with no external torque, further supporting the hypothesis that ion loss is the source for intrinsic torque in the present tokamaks. However, we also show that when external torque is injected in the core, it can complete with, and eventually overwhelm, the edge source, thus determining the near SOL flows. Finally, we show some additional evidence that the ion/electron distribution in the SOL is non-Maxwellian.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4962683},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 9,
volume = 23,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Sep 21 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Sep 21 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Transport-driven Scrape-Off-Layer flows and the boundary conditions imposed at the magnetic separatrix in a tokamak plasma
journal, September 2004
- LaBombard, B.; Rice, J. E.; Hubbard, A. E.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 10
Observation of toroidal plasma rotation driven by the electric field induced by loss of ions
journal, May 1991
- Ida, K.; Kawahata, K.; Toi, K.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 31, Issue 5
Nonlinear gyrokinetic equations for tokamak microturbulence
journal, September 1988
- Hahm, T. S.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 31, Issue 9
Intrinsic rotation and electric field shear
journal, April 2007
- Gürcan, Ö. D.; Diamond, P. H.; Hahm, T. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Self-Acceleration of a Tokamak Plasma during Ohmic H Mode
journal, April 2000
- Hutchinson, I. H.; Rice, J. E.; Granetz, R. S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 15
Multi-channel transport experiments at Alcator C-Mod and comparison with gyrokinetic simulations
journal, May 2013
- White, A. E.; Howard, N. T.; Greenwald, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5
Poloidally and radially resolved parallel D+ velocity measurements in the DIII-D boundary and comparison to neoclassical computations
journal, March 2011
- Boedo, J. A.; Belli, E. A.; Hollmann, E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 3
Experimental determination of non-diffusive toroidal momentum flux in JT-60U
journal, March 1994
- Nagashima, K.; Koide, Y.; Shirai, H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 34, Issue 3
Spontaneous L-mode plasma rotation scaling in the TCV tokamak
journal, May 2008
- Duval, B. P.; Bortolon, A.; Karpushov, A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 5
Intrinsic rotation produced by ion orbit loss and X-loss
journal, November 2012
- Stacey, W. M.; Boedo, J. A.; Evans, T. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 11
Behaviour of plasma rotation and radial electric field with density ramp rate in an ohmically heated tokamak
journal, August 1992
- Duval, B. P.; Joye, B.; Marchal, B.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 32, Issue 8
Measurements of the deuterium ion toroidal rotation in the DIII-D tokamak and comparison to neoclassical theory
journal, May 2012
- Grierson, B. A.; Burrell, K. H.; Heidbrink, W. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Spatially resolved toroidal plasma rotation with ICRF on JET
journal, April 2003
- Noterdaeme, J. -M; Righi, E.; Chan, V.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 4
Tokamak-edge toroidal rotation due to inhomogeneous transport and geodesic curvature
journal, May 2012
- Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Intrinsic rotation generation in ELM-free H-mode plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak—Experimental observations
journal, July 2011
- Müller, S. H.; Boedo, J. A.; Burrell, K. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 7
Observations of core toroidal rotation reversals in Alcator C-Mod ohmic L-mode plasmas
journal, June 2011
- Rice, J. E.; Duval, B. P.; Reinke, M. L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 8
Dependence of the L- to H-mode power threshold on toroidal rotation and the link to edge turbulence dynamics
journal, September 2009
- McKee, G. R.; Gohil, P.; Schlossberg, D. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 11
PLASMA PHYSICS:Turbulence and Sheared Flow
journal, September 1998
- Burrell, K. H.
- Science, Vol. 281, Issue 5384
Fast electron temperature diagnostic based on Langmuir probe current harmonic detection on DIII-D
journal, January 2001
- Rudakov, D. L.; Boedo, J. A.; Moyer, R. A.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 72, Issue 1
Intrinsic toroidal velocity near the edge of DIII-D H-mode plasmas
journal, July 2009
- deGrassie, J. S.; Groebner, R. J.; Burrell, K. H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 8
Loss ion orbits at the tokamak edge
journal, October 1993
- Chankin, A. V.; McCracken, G. M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 10
The Doublet III Big Dee Project
journal, May 1985
- Davis, L. G.; Luxon, J. L.
- Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Toroidal plasma rotation in the PLT tokamak with neutral-beam injection
journal, October 1981
- Suckewer, S.; Eubank, H. P.; Goldston, R. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 21, Issue 10
Physics of non-diffusive turbulent transport of momentum and the origins of spontaneous rotation in tokamaks
journal, March 2009
- Diamond, P. H.; McDevitt, C. J.; Gürcan, Ö. D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 4
Observations of central toroidal rotation in ICRF heated Alcator C-Mod plasmas
journal, January 1998
- Rice, J. E.; Greenwald, M.; Hutchinson, I. H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 38, Issue 1
Momentum-Transport Studies in High Shear Plasmas in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, August 2008
- Solomon, W. M.; Kaye, S. M.; Bell, R. E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 6
Plasma profiles and flows in the high-field side scrape-off layer in Alcator C-Mod
journal, March 2005
- Smick, N.; LaBombard, B.; Pitcher, C. S.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 337-339
Spontaneous rotation sources in a quiescent tokamak edge plasma
journal, June 2008
- Chang, C. S.; Ku, S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 6
Influence of toroidal rotation on transport and stability in hybrid scenario plasmas in DIII-D
journal, May 2008
- Politzer, P. A.; Petty, C. C.; Jayakumar, R. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 7
Deuterium velocity and temperature measurements on the DIII-D tokamak
journal, October 2010
- Grierson, B. A.; Burrell, K. H.; Solomon, W. M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10
Toroidal rotation as an explanation for plasma flow observations in the Alcator C-Mod scrape-off layer
journal, March 2003
- LaBombard, B.; Gangadhara, S.; Lipschultz, B.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 313-316
Plasma flow due to a loss-cone distribution centred around the outboard edge in DIII-D
journal, December 2011
- deGrassie, J. S.; Müller, S. H.; Boedo, J. A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 1
Observation of Spontaneous Toroidal Rotation Inversion in Ohmically Heated Tokamak Plasmas
journal, December 2006
- Bortolon, A.; Duval, B. P.; Pochelon, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 23
The effect of plasma collisionality on pedestal current density formation in DIII-D
journal, April 2006
- Thomas, D. M.; Leonard, A. W.; Osborne, T. H.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 5A
Kinetic neoclassical transport in the H-mode pedestal
journal, July 2014
- Battaglia, D. J.; Burrell, K. H.; Chang, C. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Intrinsic rotation in DIII-D
journal, May 2007
- deGrassie, J. S.; Rice, J. E.; Burrell, K. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Astrophysical and laboratory experiments and theories on high energy plasmas
journal, December 1994
- Coppi, B.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 36, Issue 12B
Bulk plasma rotation in the TCV tokamak in the absence of external momentum input
journal, November 2007
- Duval, B. P.; Bortolon, A.; Karpushov, A.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 12B
Numerical analysis of the SOL/divertor plasma flow with the effect of drifts
journal, June 2007
- Hoshino, K.; Hatayama, A.; Asakura, N.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 363-365
Toroidal momentum confinement in neoclassical quasilinear theory in tokamaks
journal, January 2001
- Shaing, K. C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 1
On the harmonic technique to measure electron temperature with high time resolution
journal, July 1999
- Boedo, J. A.; Gray, D.; Conn, R. W.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 70, Issue 7
Toroidal rotation in ICRF-heated H-modes on JET
journal, January 1997
- Eriksson, L-G; Righi, E.; Zastrow, K-D
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 1
Central impurity toroidal rotation in ICRF heated Alcator C-Mod plasmas
journal, September 1999
- Rice, J. E.; Bonoli, P. T.; Goetz, J. A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 9
The influence of rotation on the βN threshold for the 2∕1 neoclassical tearing mode in DIII-D
journal, May 2008
- Buttery, R. J.; La Haye, R. J.; Gohil, P.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 5
Anomalous momentum transport from drift wave turbulence
journal, November 1993
- Dominguez, R. R.; Staebler, G. M.
- Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Direction of ion ∇B drift and power threshold in high confinement mode in diverted tokamaks
journal, January 2002
- Shaing, K. C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Nonlinear dynamics of shear flows and plasma rotation in a simple laboratory plasma system
journal, November 2009
- Tynan, G. R.; Diamond, P. H.; Holland, C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 12
Design and operation of the multipulse Thomson scattering diagnostic on DIII‐D (invited)
journal, October 1992
- Carlstrom, T. N.; Campbell, G. L.; DeBoo, J. C.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 63, Issue 10
On the role of ion heating in ICRF heated discharges in Tore Supra
journal, January 2001
- Eriksson, L. -G; Hoang, G. T.; Bergeaud, V.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 1
Relating the L–H power threshold scaling to edge turbulence dynamics
journal, October 2013
- Yan, Z.; McKee, G. R.; Boedo, J. A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11
Accretion theory of `spontaneous' rotation in toroidal plasmas
journal, January 2002
- Coppi, B.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 42, Issue 1
Toroidal rotation in DIII-D in electron cyclotron heating and Ohmic H-mode discharges
journal, September 2004
- deGrassie, J. S.; Burrell, K. H.; Baylor, L. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Inter-machine comparison of intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamaks
journal, October 2007
- Rice, J. E.; Ince-Cushman, A.; deGrassie, J. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 11
Intrinsic Rotation Driven by Non-Maxwellian Equilibria in Tokamak Plasmas
journal, August 2013
- Barnes, M.; Parra, F. I.; Lee, J. P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 5
Parallel SOL flow on TCV
journal, June 2007
- Pitts, R. A.; Horacek, J.; Fundamenski, W.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 363-365
Plasma Rotation Induced by Directed Waves in the Ion-Cyclotron Range of Frequencies
journal, June 2004
- Eriksson, L. -G.; Johnson, T.; Hellsten, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 23
Transport-Driven Toroidal Rotation in the Tokamak Edge
journal, February 2012
- Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 6
Observations of toroidal plasma rotation induced by ICRH in JET
journal, May 1992
- Eriksson, L. -G; Giannella, R.; Hellsten, T.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 34, Issue 5
Power requirement for accessing the H-mode in ITER
journal, July 2008
- Martin, Y. R.; Takizuka, T.; Group, the ITPA CDBM H-mode Threshold Data
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 123
A possible role of radial electric field in driving parallel ion flow in scrape-off layer of divertor tokamaks
journal, July 2007
- Chankin, A. V.; Coster, D. P.; Asakura, N.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 8
Transport of parallel momentum by collisionless drift wave turbulence
journal, January 2008
- Diamond, P. H.; McDevitt, C. J.; Gürcan, Ö. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Interpretation of asymmetries in tokamak scrape-off layers in terms of poloidal variation of anomalous transport and diamagnetic effects
journal, December 1992
- Hugill, J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 196-198
Works referencing / citing this record:
Validation of the kinetic-turbulent-neoclassical theory for edge intrinsic rotation in DIII-D
journal, May 2018
- Ashourvan, Arash; Grierson, B. A.; Battaglia, D. J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Active spectroscopy measurements of the deuterium temperature, rotation, and density from the core to scrape off layer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited)
journal, October 2018
- Haskey, S. R.; Grierson, B. A.; Stagner, L.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
The dependence of ion orbit loss on ion charge and mass
journal, December 2018
- Stacey, Weston M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 12
Main-ion intrinsic toroidal rotation across the ITG/TEM boundary in DIII-D discharges during ohmic and electron cyclotron heating
journal, April 2019
- Grierson, B. A.; Chrystal, C.; Haskey, S. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 4
A Particle-, Momentum-, and Energy-Conserving Fluid Transport Theory for the Tokamak Plasma Edge
journal, May 2019
- Stacey, Weston M.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 4
A review of direct experimental measurements of detachment
journal, February 2018
- Boedo, J.; McLean, A. G.; Rudakov, D. L.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 4
Main ion and impurity edge profile evolution across the L- to H-mode transition on DIII-D
journal, August 2018
- Haskey, S. R.; Grierson, B. A.; Chrystal, C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10
Investigation of toroidal rotation modulation and momentum transport with electrode biasing in J-TEXT tokamak
journal, October 2018
- Liu, Hai; Chen, Zhipeng; Xu, Yuhong
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 11
Intrinsic rotation in axisymmetric devices
journal, November 2019
- Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 12
Extended fluid transport theory in the tokamak plasma edge
journal, May 2017
- Stacey, W. M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 6
Predicting the rotation profile in ITER
journal, January 2020
- Chrystal, C.; Grierson, B. A.; Haskey, S. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 3