An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber
Abstract
Lignin-derived thermoplastics and elastomers with both versatile performance and commercialization potential have been an elusive pursuit for the past several decades. Lignin content has been limited to about 30 wt %, often requiring chemical modification, solvent fractionation of lignin, or prohibitively expensive additives. Each of these factors is a deterrent to industrial adoption of lignin-based polymers, limiting the potential of this renewable resource. Herein we describe high-performance multiphase thermoplastics made with a blend of 41 wt % unmodified industrial lignin and low-cost additives in a matrix of general-purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). Hardwood soda lignin (HSL) and softwood kraft lignin (SKL) were blended under high shear conditions with NBR, carbon black (CB), polyethylene oxide (PEO), boric acid (BA), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). This combination with SKL lignin in the proper proportions resulted in a thermoplastic with a tensile strength and failure strain of 25.2 MPa and 9 %, respectively; it exhibited an unexpected tensile yield, similar to that of ABS, a commodity thermoplastic. The analogous HSL lignin compositions are tough materials with tensile strengths of 7.3 16.7 MPa and failure strain of 80 140 %. The contrasting ductility and yield stress behavior were analyzed based on the compositions morphology and interfacialmore »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); The Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- Work for Others (WFO); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1330526
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Green Chemistry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 18; Journal Issue: 20; Journal ID: ISSN 1463-9262
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Citation Formats
Bova, Tony, Tran, Chau D., Balakshin, Mikhail Y., Chen, Jihua, Capanema, Ewellyn A., and Naskar, Amit K. An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1039/C6GC01067A.
Bova, Tony, Tran, Chau D., Balakshin, Mikhail Y., Chen, Jihua, Capanema, Ewellyn A., & Naskar, Amit K. An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC01067A
Bova, Tony, Tran, Chau D., Balakshin, Mikhail Y., Chen, Jihua, Capanema, Ewellyn A., and Naskar, Amit K. Mon .
"An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC01067A. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1330526.
@article{osti_1330526,
title = {An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber},
author = {Bova, Tony and Tran, Chau D. and Balakshin, Mikhail Y. and Chen, Jihua and Capanema, Ewellyn A. and Naskar, Amit K.},
abstractNote = {Lignin-derived thermoplastics and elastomers with both versatile performance and commercialization potential have been an elusive pursuit for the past several decades. Lignin content has been limited to about 30 wt %, often requiring chemical modification, solvent fractionation of lignin, or prohibitively expensive additives. Each of these factors is a deterrent to industrial adoption of lignin-based polymers, limiting the potential of this renewable resource. Herein we describe high-performance multiphase thermoplastics made with a blend of 41 wt % unmodified industrial lignin and low-cost additives in a matrix of general-purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). Hardwood soda lignin (HSL) and softwood kraft lignin (SKL) were blended under high shear conditions with NBR, carbon black (CB), polyethylene oxide (PEO), boric acid (BA), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). This combination with SKL lignin in the proper proportions resulted in a thermoplastic with a tensile strength and failure strain of 25.2 MPa and 9 %, respectively; it exhibited an unexpected tensile yield, similar to that of ABS, a commodity thermoplastic. The analogous HSL lignin compositions are tough materials with tensile strengths of 7.3 16.7 MPa and failure strain of 80 140 %. The contrasting ductility and yield stress behavior were analyzed based on the compositions morphology and interfacial structure arising from the nature of each lignin studied. Lastly, the roles of CB as a reinforcement in the rubbery phase, DCP and BA as cross-linkers to create multiphase networks, and PEO to promote the adhesion and compatibility of lignin in commercial-grade NBR are also discussed in detail.},
doi = {10.1039/C6GC01067A},
journal = {Green Chemistry},
number = 20,
volume = 18,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 08 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Aug 08 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 33 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery
journal, May 2014
- Ragauskas, A. J.; Beckham, G. T.; Biddy, M. J.
- Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6185, p. 1246843-1246843
A polymer of caffeyl alcohol in plant seeds
journal, January 2012
- Chen, F.; Tobimatsu, Y.; Havkin-Frenkel, D.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 5
Novel Europium-Complex/Nitrile- Butadiene Rubber Composites
journal, February 2005
- Liu, L.; Lu, Y. -L.; He, L.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Correlations of the Antioxidant Properties of Softwood Kraft Lignin Fractions with the Thermal Stability of Its Blends with Polyethylene
journal, January 2015
- Sadeghifar, Hasan; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2
On the characterization and spinning of an organic-purified lignin toward the manufacture of low-cost carbon fiber
journal, October 2011
- Baker, Darren A.; Gallego, Nidia C.; Baker, Frederick S.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 124, Issue 1
Effect of Lignin Incorporation and Reactive Compatibilization on the Morphological, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of ABS Resin
journal, January 2012
- Song, Pingan; Cao, Zhenhu; Meng, Qingrong
- Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, Vol. 51, Issue 4
Lignin-Based Triple Shape Memory Polymers
journal, August 2015
- Sivasankarapillai, Gopakumar; Li, Hui; McDonald, Armando G.
- Biomacromolecules, Vol. 16, Issue 9
Constitutive Models of Rubber Elasticity: A Review
journal, July 2000
- Boyce, Mary C.; Arruda, Ellen M.
- Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 73, Issue 3
Lignin–polymer blends: evaluation of compatibility by image analysis
journal, September 2004
- Pouteau, Charlyse; Baumberger, Stéphanie; Cathala, Bernard
- Comptes Rendus Biologies, Vol. 327, Issue 9-10
Interfacial Improvements in a Green Biopolymer Alloy of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) and Lignin via in Situ Reactive Extrusion
journal, May 2016
- Luo, Shupin; Cao, Jinzhen; McDonald, Armando G.
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 6
Influence of Pressure on Boron Cross-Linked Polymer Gels
journal, November 2008
- Parris, Michael D.; MacKay, Bruce A.; Rathke, Jerome W.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 21
Alkylated Kraft Lignin-Based Thermoplastic Blends with Aliphatic Polyesters
journal, December 2002
- Li, Yan; Sarkanen, Simo
- Macromolecules, Vol. 35, Issue 26
Supertoughened Biobased Poly(lactic acid)–Epoxidized Natural Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: Fabrication, Co-continuous Phase Structure, Interfacial in Situ Compatibilization, and Toughening Mechanism
journal, August 2015
- Wang, Youhong; Chen, Kunling; Xu, Chuanhui
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 119, Issue 36
On the Quantification of Lignin Hydroxyl Groups With 31 P and 13 C NMR Spectroscopy
journal, April 2015
- Balakshin, Mikhail; Capanema, Ewellyn
- Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 35, Issue 3
Toughening Elastomers with Sacrificial Bonds and Watching Them Break
journal, April 2014
- Ducrot, E.; Chen, Y.; Bulters, M.
- Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6180
Filler—Elastomer Interactions. Part III. Carbon-Black-Surface Energies and Interactions with Elastomer Analogs
journal, November 1991
- Wang, Meng-Jiao; Wolff, Siegfried; Donnet, Jean-Baptiste
- Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 64, Issue 5
The elasticity and related properties of rubbers
journal, July 1973
- Treloar, L. R. G.
- Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 7
Polymers from Renewable Resources: A Challenge for the Future of Macromolecular Materials
journal, December 2008
- Gandini, Alessandro
- Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 24
Miscibility and Hydrogen Bonding in Blends of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Kraft Lignin
journal, October 2003
- Kadla, John F.; Kubo, Satoshi
- Macromolecules, Vol. 36, Issue 20
Comprehensive structural analysis of biorefinery lignins with a quantitative 13 C NMR approach
journal, January 2015
- Balakshin, Mikhail Yu.; Capanema, Ewellyn A.
- RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 106
Lignin-based polymer blends: analysis of intermolecular interactions in lignin–synthetic polymer blends
journal, March 2004
- Kadla, John F.; Kubo, Satoshi
- Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 35, Issue 3
Progress in Green Polymer Composites from Lignin for Multifunctional Applications: A Review
journal, April 2014
- Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Thakur, Manju Kumari; Raghavan, Prasanth
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 5
Poly(ethylene oxide)-Assisted Macromolecular Self-Assembly of Lignin in ABS Matrix for Sustainable Composite Applications
journal, November 2015
- Akato, Kokouvi; Tran, Chau D.; Chen, Jihua
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 12
Towards Quantitative Catalytic Lignin Depolymerization
journal, April 2011
- Roberts, Virginia. M.; Stein, Valentin; Reiner, Thomas
- Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 21, p. 5939-5948
Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers
journal, July 2014
- Laurichesse, Stéphanie; Avérous, Luc
- Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 39, Issue 7, p. 1266-1290
Kinetic studies in the chemistry of rubber and related materials. III. Thermochemistry and mechanisms of olefin oxidation
journal, January 1946
- Bolland, J. L.; Gee, Geoffrey
- Transactions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 42
A New Class of Renewable Thermoplastics with Extraordinary Performance from Nanostructured Lignin-Elastomers
journal, March 2016
- Tran, Chau D.; Chen, Jihua; Keum, Jong K.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 16, p. 2677-2685
Lignin valorization through integrated biological funneling and chemical catalysis
journal, August 2014
- Linger, J. G.; Vardon, D. R.; Guarnieri, M. T.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 33, p. 12013-12018
Understanding the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT): A review
journal, August 2015
- Yehye, Wageeh A.; Rahman, Noorsaadah Abdul; Ariffin, Azhar
- European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 101
Surface modification of lignosulfonates for reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber compounds
journal, November 2013
- Bahl, Kushal; Jana, Sadhan C.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 131, Issue 7
The Elasticity and Related Properties of Rubbers
journal, July 1974
- Treloar, L. R. G.
- Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 3
Introduction to physical polymer science
journal, May 1988
- Brooks, B. W.
- The Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 1
Kinetic Studies in the Chemistry of Rubber and Related Materials. III. Thermochemistry and Mechanisms of Olefin Oxidation
journal, September 1947
- Bolland, J. L.; Gee, Geoffrey
- Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 3
Works referencing / citing this record:
A Solvent-Free Synthesis of Lignin-Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes
journal, July 2018
- Ho, Hoi Chun; Nguyen, Ngoc A.; Meek, Kelly M.
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 11, Issue 17
An Ionomeric Renewable Thermoplastic from Lignin‐Reinforced Rubber
journal, April 2019
- Barnes, Sietske H.; Goswami, Monojoy; Nguyen, Ngoc A.
- Macromolecular Rapid Communications
The effect of functional zirconium phosphate on aging resistance of nitrile butadiene rubber composites
journal, January 2020
- Li, Tianxiang; Chen, Songbo; Wan, Songhan
- Polymer Composites, Vol. 41, Issue 5
Rapid pretreatment of Miscanthus using the low-cost ionic liquid triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate at elevated temperatures
journal, January 2018
- Gschwend, Florence J. V.; Malaret, Francisco; Shinde, Somnath
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 15
A tough and sustainable fiber-forming material from lignin and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)
journal, January 2019
- Akato, Kokouvi M.; Nguyen, Ngoc A.; Rajan, Kalavathy
- RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 54
About Making Lignin Great Again—Some Lessons From the Past
journal, August 2019
- Glasser, Wolfgang G.
- Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol. 7
A bio-based adhesive composed of polyelectrolyte complexes of lignosulfonate and cationic polyelectrolytes
text, January 2020
- Ushimaru, Kazunori; Morita, Tomotake; Fukuoka, Tokuma
- Taylor & Francis
An Ionomeric Renewable Thermoplastic from Lignin-Reinforced Rubber
journal, July 2019
- Barnes, Sietske H.; Goswami, Monojoy; Nguyen, Ngoc A.
- Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 40, Issue 13
A bio-based adhesive composed of polyelectrolyte complexes of lignosulfonate and cationic polyelectrolytes
journal, February 2020
- Ushimaru, Kazunori; Morita, Tomotake; Fukuoka, Tokuma
- Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 40, Issue 3