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Title: iPTF14yb: The First Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Independent of a High-Energy Trigger

Abstract

We report here the discovery by the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) of iPTF14yb, a luminous (Msub>r ≈ ₋27.8 mag), cosmological (redshift 1.9733), rapidly fading optical transient. We demonstrate, based on probabilistic arguments and a comparison with the broader population, that iPTF14yb is the optical afterglow of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB140226A. This marks the rst unambiguous discovery of a GRB afterglow prior to (and thus entirely independent of) an associated high-energy trigger. We estimate the rate of iPTF14yb-like sources (i.e., cosmologically dis- tant relativistic explosions) based on iPTF observations, inferring an all-sky value of $$R_{rel}$$ = 610yr-1 (68% con dence interval of 110{2000 yr-1). Our derived rate is consistent (within the large uncer- tainty) with the all-sky rate of on-axis GRBs derived by the Swift satellite. Finally, we brie y discuss the implications of the nondetection to date of bona de \orphan" afterglows (i.e., those lacking de- tectable high-energy emission) on GRB beaming and the degree of baryon loading in these relativistic jets.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [3];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [10];  [4];  [12];  [14];  [14];  [15] more »;  [15];  [16];  [10];  [15];  [3];  [12];  [17];  [14];  [18];  [19];  [19];  [14];  [4];  [20];  [15];  [14];  [21] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astrophysics Science Division; Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Joint Space Inst.
  2. Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States). Leonard E. Parker Center for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics
  3. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  4. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics
  5. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics
  6. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept of Astronomy & Astrophysics
  7. Observatories of the Carnegie Inst. for Science, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  8. ASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astrophysics Science Division; Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States). Dept. of Physics
  9. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  10. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  11. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). Cosmology Initiative
  12. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astrophysics Science Division
  13. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Astronomia
  14. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). Cosmology Initiative
  15. Max Planck Inst. fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching (Germany)
  16. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg (Germany)
  17. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Spitzer Science Center
  18. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Computational Cosmology Center; Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Astronomia
  19. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics and UCO/Lick Observatory
  20. National Central Univ. (Taiwan). Inst. of Astronomy
  21. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); TLS Tautenburg; TABASGO Foundation
OSTI Identifier:
1329568
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-15-21105
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; NNX09AH71G; NNX09AT02G; NNX10AI27G; CN 09-283; IN113810; CB-2008-101958; NFR-2009-01-122785; NNX12AE66G; PHY-0970074; PHY-1307429; AST-1211916; NNX13AP036; NNX14AI95G
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online); Journal Volume: 803; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; stars; flare; gamma-ray burst; supernovae

Citation Formats

Cenko, S. Bradley, Urban, Alex L., Perley, Daniel A., Horesh, Assaf, Corsi, Alessandra, Fox, Derek B., Cao, Yi, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Lien, Amy, Arcavi, Iair, Bloom, Joshua S., Butler, Nat R., Cucchiara, Antonino, Diego, José A. de, Filippenko, Alexei V., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gehrels, Neil, Georgiev, Leonid, Gonzalez, J. Jesus, Graham, John F., Greiner, Jochen, Kann, D. Alexander, Klein, Christopher R., Knust, Fabian, Kulkarni, S. R., Kutyrev, Alexander, Laher, Russ, Lee, William H., Nugent, Peter E., Xavier Prochaska, J., Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Richer, Michael G., Rubin, Adam, Urata, Yuji, Varela, Karla, Watson, Alan M., and Wozniak, Przemek R. iPTF14yb: The First Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Independent of a High-Energy Trigger. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/803/2/L24.
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Cenko, S. Bradley, Urban, Alex L., Perley, Daniel A., Horesh, Assaf, Corsi, Alessandra, Fox, Derek B., Cao, Yi, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Lien, Amy, Arcavi, Iair, Bloom, Joshua S., Butler, Nat R., Cucchiara, Antonino, Diego, José A. de, Filippenko, Alexei V., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gehrels, Neil, Georgiev, Leonid, Gonzalez, J. Jesus, Graham, John F., Greiner, Jochen, Kann, D. Alexander, Klein, Christopher R., Knust, Fabian, Kulkarni, S. R., Kutyrev, Alexander, Laher, Russ, Lee, William H., Nugent, Peter E., Xavier Prochaska, J., Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Richer, Michael G., Rubin, Adam, Urata, Yuji, Varela, Karla, Watson, Alan M., & Wozniak, Przemek R. iPTF14yb: The First Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Independent of a High-Energy Trigger. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/803/2/L24
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Cenko, S. Bradley, Urban, Alex L., Perley, Daniel A., Horesh, Assaf, Corsi, Alessandra, Fox, Derek B., Cao, Yi, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Lien, Amy, Arcavi, Iair, Bloom, Joshua S., Butler, Nat R., Cucchiara, Antonino, Diego, José A. de, Filippenko, Alexei V., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gehrels, Neil, Georgiev, Leonid, Gonzalez, J. Jesus, Graham, John F., Greiner, Jochen, Kann, D. Alexander, Klein, Christopher R., Knust, Fabian, Kulkarni, S. R., Kutyrev, Alexander, Laher, Russ, Lee, William H., Nugent, Peter E., Xavier Prochaska, J., Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Richer, Michael G., Rubin, Adam, Urata, Yuji, Varela, Karla, Watson, Alan M., and Wozniak, Przemek R. Mon . "iPTF14yb: The First Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Independent of a High-Energy Trigger". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/803/2/L24. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1329568.
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@article{osti_1329568,
title = {iPTF14yb: The First Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Independent of a High-Energy Trigger},
author = {Cenko, S. Bradley and Urban, Alex L. and Perley, Daniel A. and Horesh, Assaf and Corsi, Alessandra and Fox, Derek B. and Cao, Yi and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Lien, Amy and Arcavi, Iair and Bloom, Joshua S. and Butler, Nat R. and Cucchiara, Antonino and Diego, José A. de and Filippenko, Alexei V. and Gal-Yam, Avishay and Gehrels, Neil and Georgiev, Leonid and Gonzalez, J. Jesus and Graham, John F. and Greiner, Jochen and Kann, D. Alexander and Klein, Christopher R. and Knust, Fabian and Kulkarni, S. R. and Kutyrev, Alexander and Laher, Russ and Lee, William H. and Nugent, Peter E. and Xavier Prochaska, J. and Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico and Richer, Michael G. and Rubin, Adam and Urata, Yuji and Varela, Karla and Watson, Alan M. and Wozniak, Przemek R.},
abstractNote = {We report here the discovery by the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) of iPTF14yb, a luminous (Msub>r ≈ ₋27.8 mag), cosmological (redshift 1.9733), rapidly fading optical transient. We demonstrate, based on probabilistic arguments and a comparison with the broader population, that iPTF14yb is the optical afterglow of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB140226A. This marks the rst unambiguous discovery of a GRB afterglow prior to (and thus entirely independent of) an associated high-energy trigger. We estimate the rate of iPTF14yb-like sources (i.e., cosmologically dis- tant relativistic explosions) based on iPTF observations, inferring an all-sky value of $R_{rel}$ = 610yr-1 (68% con dence interval of 110{2000 yr-1). Our derived rate is consistent (within the large uncer- tainty) with the all-sky rate of on-axis GRBs derived by the Swift satellite. Finally, we brie y discuss the implications of the nondetection to date of bona de \orphan" afterglows (i.e., those lacking de- tectable high-energy emission) on GRB beaming and the degree of baryon loading in these relativistic jets.},
doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/803/2/L24},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 803,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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