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Title: Biological lignocellulose solubilization: Comparative evaluation of biocatalysts and enhancement via cotreatment

Abstract

Here, feedstock recalcitrance is the most important barrier impeding cost-effective production of cellulosic biofuels. Pioneer commercial cellulosic ethanol facilities employ thermochemical pretreatment and addition of fungal cellulase, reflecting the main research emphasis in the field. However, it has been suggested that it may be possible to process cellulosic biomass without thermochemical pretreatment using thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria. To further explore this idea, we examine the ability of various biocatalysts to solubilize autoclaved but otherwise unpretreated cellulosic biomass under controlled but not industrial conditions. As a result, carbohydrate solubilization of mid-season harvested switchgrass after 5 days ranged from 24 % for Caldicellulosiruptor bescii to 65 % for Clostridium thermocellum, with intermediate values for a thermophilic horse manure enrichment, Clostridium clariflavum, Clostridium cellulolyticum, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) featuring a fungal cellulase cocktail and yeast. Under a variety of conditions, solubilization yields were about twice as high for C. thermocellum compared to fungal cellulase. Solubilization of mid-season harvested switchgrass was about twice that of senescent switchgrass. Lower yields and greater dependence on particle size were observed for Populus as compared to switchgrass. Trends observed from data drawn from six conversion systems and three substrates, including both time course and end-point data, weremore » (1) equal fractional solubilization of glucan and xylan, (2) no biological solubilization of the non-carbohydrate fraction of biomass, and (3) higher solubilization for three of the four bacterial cultures tested as compared to the fungal cellulase system. Brief (5 min) ball milling of solids remaining after fermentation of senescent switchgrass by C. thermocellum nearly doubled carbohydrate solubilization upon reinnoculation as compared to a control without milling. Greater particle size reduction and solubilization were observed for milling of partially fermented solids than for unfermented solids. Physical disruption of cellulosic feedstocks after initiation of fermentation, termed cotreatment, warrants further study. While the ability to achieve significant solubilization of minimally pretreated switchgrass is widespread, a fivefold difference between the most and least effective biocatalyst-feedstock combinations was observed. Starting with nature's best biomass-solubilizing systems may enable a reduction in the amount of non-biological processing required, and in particular substitution of cotreatment for pretreatment.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [1]
  1. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
  5. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1236762
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1327645
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5100-65764
Journal ID: ISSN 1754-6834
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308; AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Biotechnology for Biofuels
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Related Information: Biotechnology for Biofuels; Journal ID: ISSN 1754-6834
Publisher:
BioMed Central
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
09 BIOMASS FUELS; 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; biological solubilization; lignocellulose; cotreatment

Citation Formats

Paye, Julie M. D., Guseva, Anna, Hammer, Sarah K., Gjersing, Erica, Davis, Mark F., Davison, Brian H., Olstad, Jessica, Donohoe, Bryon S., Nguyen, Thanh Yen, Wyman, Charles E., Pattathil, Sivakumar, Hahn, Michael G., and Lynd, Lee R. Biological lignocellulose solubilization: Comparative evaluation of biocatalysts and enhancement via cotreatment. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0412-y.
Paye, Julie M. D., Guseva, Anna, Hammer, Sarah K., Gjersing, Erica, Davis, Mark F., Davison, Brian H., Olstad, Jessica, Donohoe, Bryon S., Nguyen, Thanh Yen, Wyman, Charles E., Pattathil, Sivakumar, Hahn, Michael G., & Lynd, Lee R. Biological lignocellulose solubilization: Comparative evaluation of biocatalysts and enhancement via cotreatment. United States. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0412-y
Paye, Julie M. D., Guseva, Anna, Hammer, Sarah K., Gjersing, Erica, Davis, Mark F., Davison, Brian H., Olstad, Jessica, Donohoe, Bryon S., Nguyen, Thanh Yen, Wyman, Charles E., Pattathil, Sivakumar, Hahn, Michael G., and Lynd, Lee R. Tue . "Biological lignocellulose solubilization: Comparative evaluation of biocatalysts and enhancement via cotreatment". United States. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0412-y. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236762.
@article{osti_1236762,
title = {Biological lignocellulose solubilization: Comparative evaluation of biocatalysts and enhancement via cotreatment},
author = {Paye, Julie M. D. and Guseva, Anna and Hammer, Sarah K. and Gjersing, Erica and Davis, Mark F. and Davison, Brian H. and Olstad, Jessica and Donohoe, Bryon S. and Nguyen, Thanh Yen and Wyman, Charles E. and Pattathil, Sivakumar and Hahn, Michael G. and Lynd, Lee R.},
abstractNote = {Here, feedstock recalcitrance is the most important barrier impeding cost-effective production of cellulosic biofuels. Pioneer commercial cellulosic ethanol facilities employ thermochemical pretreatment and addition of fungal cellulase, reflecting the main research emphasis in the field. However, it has been suggested that it may be possible to process cellulosic biomass without thermochemical pretreatment using thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria. To further explore this idea, we examine the ability of various biocatalysts to solubilize autoclaved but otherwise unpretreated cellulosic biomass under controlled but not industrial conditions. As a result, carbohydrate solubilization of mid-season harvested switchgrass after 5 days ranged from 24 % for Caldicellulosiruptor bescii to 65 % for Clostridium thermocellum, with intermediate values for a thermophilic horse manure enrichment, Clostridium clariflavum, Clostridium cellulolyticum, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) featuring a fungal cellulase cocktail and yeast. Under a variety of conditions, solubilization yields were about twice as high for C. thermocellum compared to fungal cellulase. Solubilization of mid-season harvested switchgrass was about twice that of senescent switchgrass. Lower yields and greater dependence on particle size were observed for Populus as compared to switchgrass. Trends observed from data drawn from six conversion systems and three substrates, including both time course and end-point data, were (1) equal fractional solubilization of glucan and xylan, (2) no biological solubilization of the non-carbohydrate fraction of biomass, and (3) higher solubilization for three of the four bacterial cultures tested as compared to the fungal cellulase system. Brief (5 min) ball milling of solids remaining after fermentation of senescent switchgrass by C. thermocellum nearly doubled carbohydrate solubilization upon reinnoculation as compared to a control without milling. Greater particle size reduction and solubilization were observed for milling of partially fermented solids than for unfermented solids. Physical disruption of cellulosic feedstocks after initiation of fermentation, termed cotreatment, warrants further study. While the ability to achieve significant solubilization of minimally pretreated switchgrass is widespread, a fivefold difference between the most and least effective biocatalyst-feedstock combinations was observed. Starting with nature's best biomass-solubilizing systems may enable a reduction in the amount of non-biological processing required, and in particular substitution of cotreatment for pretreatment.},
doi = {10.1186/s13068-015-0412-y},
journal = {Biotechnology for Biofuels},
number = 1,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Tue Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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Cited by: 73 works
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: Solubilization of washed mid-season switchgrass by various biocatalysts. Xylan (white) and glucan (black) solubilization from washed mid-season switchgrass by various bacteria or SSF with yeast and fungal cellulase after 5 days. Enrichment was selected at 60 °C on Avicel from horse manure compost. Uninoculated controls (75, 60, 37more » and 35 °C) for each incubation temperature were analyzed to account for non-biological solubilization. Results are expressed as mean ± SD ($n$ ≥ 2)« less

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Enhanced depolymerization and utilization of raw lignocellulosic material by co-cultures of Ruminiclostridium thermocellum with hemicellulose-utilizing partners
journal, April 2019

  • Froese, Alan; Schellenberg, John; Sparling, Richard
  • Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 65, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0535

Strain and bioprocess improvement of a thermophilic anaerobe for the production of ethanol from wood
journal, June 2016

  • Herring, Christopher D.; Kenealy, William R.; Joe Shaw, A.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0536-8

Engineering a highly active thermophilic β-glucosidase to enhance its pH stability and saccharification performance
journal, July 2016


Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Himalayan hot spring
journal, March 2017

  • Singh, Nisha; Mathur, Anshu S.; Tuli, Deepak K.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0756-6

Efficient whole-cell-catalyzing cellulose saccharification using engineered Clostridium thermocellum
journal, May 2017


Metabolome analysis reveals a role for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the inhibition of C. thermocellum by ethanol
journal, November 2017

  • Tian, Liang; Perot, Skyler J.; Stevenson, David
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0961-3

Multiple levers for overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass
journal, January 2019

  • Holwerda, Evert K.; Worthen, Robert S.; Kothari, Ninad
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1353-7

Metabolic and evolutionary responses of Clostridium thermocellum to genetic interventions aimed at improving ethanol production
journal, March 2020

  • Holwerda, Evert K.; Olson, Daniel G.; Ruppertsberger, Natalie M.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 13, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01680-5

Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass
book, July 2018


Nanomechanics of cellulose deformation reveal molecular defects that facilitate natural deconstruction
journal, April 2019

  • Ciesielski, Peter N.; Wagner, Ryan; Bharadwaj, Vivek S.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900161116

Dramatic performance of Clostridium thermocellum explained by its wide range of cellulase modalities
journal, February 2016


Strain and bioprocess improvement of a thermophilic anaerobe for the production of ethanol from wood
journal, June 2016

  • Herring, Christopher D.; Kenealy, William R.; Joe Shaw, A.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0536-8

Engineering a highly active thermophilic β-glucosidase to enhance its pH stability and saccharification performance
journal, July 2016


Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Himalayan hot spring
journal, March 2017

  • Singh, Nisha; Mathur, Anshu S.; Tuli, Deepak K.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0756-6

Efficient whole-cell-catalyzing cellulose saccharification using engineered Clostridium thermocellum
journal, May 2017


The effect of switchgrass loadings on feedstock solubilization and biofuel production by Clostridium thermocellum
journal, November 2017

  • Verbeke, Tobin J.; Garcia, Gabriela M.; Elkins, James G.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0917-7

Metabolome analysis reveals a role for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the inhibition of C. thermocellum by ethanol
journal, November 2017

  • Tian, Liang; Perot, Skyler J.; Stevenson, David
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0961-3

Development and characterization of stable anaerobic thermophilic methanogenic microbiomes fermenting switchgrass at decreasing residence times
journal, September 2018

  • Liang, Xiaoyu; Whitham, Jason M.; Holwerda, Evert K.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1238-1

Multiple levers for overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass
journal, January 2019

  • Holwerda, Evert K.; Worthen, Robert S.; Kothari, Ninad
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1353-7

Metabolic and evolutionary responses of Clostridium thermocellum to genetic interventions aimed at improving ethanol production
journal, March 2020

  • Holwerda, Evert K.; Olson, Daniel G.; Ruppertsberger, Natalie M.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 13, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01680-5

Utilization of Monosaccharides by Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 through Adaptive Evolution
journal, July 2021


Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.