Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

Harlow, Daniel

doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122

Title: Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

Abstract

This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the ormhole dual to the thermo field double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension with the microscopic tensor factorization of the Hilbert space. Here, I explain how this tension can be resolved by splitting the gauge field into charged constituents, and I argue that this leads to a new argument for the "principle of completeness", which states that the charge lattice of a gauge theory coupled to gravity must be fully populated. I also claim that it leads to a new motivation for (and a clarification of) the "weak gravity conjecture", which I interpret as a strengthening of this principle. This setup gives a simple example of a situation where describing low-energy bulk physics in CFT language requires knowledge of high-energy bulk physics. Furthermore, this contradicts to some extent the notion of "effective conformal field theory", but in fact is an expected feature of the resolution of the black hole information problem. An analogous factorization issue exists also for the gravitational field, and I comment on several of its implications for reconstructing blackmore »« less

Authors:

Harlow, Daniel ^[1]

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature

Publication Date:: 2016-01-20

Research Org.:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1327308

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-91ER40654

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 2016; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer Berlin

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; AdS-CFT correspondence; gauge symmetry; black holes; global symmetries

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                    Harlow, Daniel. Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122.

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                    Harlow, Daniel. Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122

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                    Harlow, Daniel. Wed .  
"Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327308.

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@article{osti_1327308,

  title        = {Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture},

  author       = {Harlow, Daniel},

  abstractNote = {This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the ormhole dual to the thermo field double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension with the microscopic tensor factorization of the Hilbert space. Here, I explain how this tension can be resolved by splitting the gauge field into charged constituents, and I argue that this leads to a new argument for the "principle of completeness", which states that the charge lattice of a gauge theory coupled to gravity must be fully populated. I also claim that it leads to a new motivation for (and a clarification of) the "weak gravity conjecture", which I interpret as a strengthening of this principle. This setup gives a simple example of a situation where describing low-energy bulk physics in CFT language requires knowledge of high-energy bulk physics. Furthermore, this contradicts to some extent the notion of "effective conformal field theory", but in fact is an expected feature of the resolution of the black hole information problem. An analogous factorization issue exists also for the gravitational field, and I comment on several of its implications for reconstructing black hole interiors and the emergence of spacetime more generally.},

  doi          = {10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122},

  journal      = {Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 2016,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {1}

}

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A Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture from Infrared Consistency
text, January 2018

Andriolo, Stefano; Junghans, Daniel; Noumi, Toshifumi
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.04287

Infinite Distances in Field Space and Massless Towers of States
text, January 2018

Grimm, Thomas W.; Palti, Eran; Valenzuela, Irene
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.08264

Quantum-first gravity
text, January 2018

Giddings, Steven B.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.04973

Tensionless Strings and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
text, January 2018

Lee, Seung-Joo; Lerche, Wolfgang; Weigand, Timo
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.05958

Black Hole Entropy and Soft Hair
text, January 2018

Haco, Sasha; Hawking, Stephen W.; Perry, Malcolm J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.01847

Constraints on symmetry from holography
text, January 2018

Harlow, Daniel; Ooguri, Hirosi
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.05337

Holographic Renyi Entropy from Quantum Error Correction
text, January 2018

Akers, Chris; Rath, Pratik
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A Spin-2 Conjecture on the Swampland
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Firewalls vs. Scrambling
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Yoshida, Beni
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.09763

The Swampland: Introduction and Review
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.06239

Relating the scalar weak gravity conjecture and the swampland distance conjecture for an accelerating universe
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Brahma, Suddhasattwa; Hossain, Md. Wali
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.05810

Entanglement entropy and superselection sectors I. Global symmetries
text, January 2019

Casini, Horacio; Huerta, Marina; Magan, Javier M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.10487

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Title: Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

Abstract

Citation Formats

Bulk and transhorizon measurements in AdS/CFT journal, October 2012

Boundary-to-bulk maps for AdS causal wedges and the Reeh-Schlieder property in holography journal, May 2014

Construction of bulk fields with gauge redundancy journal, September 2012

Aspects of the Papadodimas-Raju proposal for the black hole interior journal, November 2014

Bulk locality and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT journal, April 2015

Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective journal, December 2015

Combing gravitational hair in 2 + 1 dimensions journal, December 2015

Boundary conditions and dualities: vector fields in AdS/CFT journal, November 2006

Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter journal, April 2003

An apologia for firewalls journal, September 2013

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole journal, November 2015

Monopoles, Duality, and String Theory journal, February 2004

A expandable series of non-linear σ models with instantons journal, December 1978

Instatons, the quark model, and the 1/N expansion journal, March 1979

The string landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force journal, June 2007

Holography from conformal field theory journal, October 2009

Effective conformal theory and the flat-space limit of AdS journal, July 2011

Eternal black holes and superselection in AdS/CFT journal, December 2012

Wilson loop renormalization group flows journal, October 2011

There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions journal, December 1973

Deconfined Quantum Critical Points journal, March 2004

Quantum criticality beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm journal, October 2004

Monopoles in CP N − 1 model via the state-operator correspondence journal, December 2008

Scaling dimensions of monopole operators in the ℂ ℙ N b − 1 $$ \mathbb{C}{\mathrm{\mathbb{P}}}^{N_b-1} $$ theory in 2 + 1 dimensions journal, June 2015

Lattice formulation of the CPn−1 non-linear σ models journal, May 1979

The CPN−1 model: A strong coupling lattice approach journal, May 1981

Path integral quantization of field theories with second-class constraints journal, September 1976

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models journal, November 1966

Finite-temperature behavior of the lattice abelian Higgs model journal, December 1979

A note on gauge theories coupled to gravity journal, September 2006

N -flation journal, August 2008

On the dynamical generation of the Maxwell term and scale invariance journal, July 2011

Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture journal, July 2014

Infrared consistency and the weak gravity conjecture journal, December 2014

Multiple shocks journal, December 2014

Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from the anti–de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence journal, May 2006

A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal journal, July 2007

The gravity dual of a density matrix journal, July 2012

Maximin surfaces, and the strong subadditivity of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy journal, November 2014

Causality & holographic entanglement entropy journal, December 2014

Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence journal, June 2015

The off-shell black hole journal, July 1995

Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement journal, June 2010

Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior journal, October 2013

Building up Space–Time with Quantum Entanglement journal, December 2010

Monopoles, Duality, and String Theory conference, November 2011

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models journal, December 1966

A Covariant Holographic Entanglement Entropy Proposal text, January 2007

Holography from Conformal Field Theory text, January 2009

Effective Conformal Theory and the Flat-Space Limit of AdS text, January 2010

On the dynamical generation of the Maxwell term and scale invariance text, January 2011

Bulk and Transhorizon Measurements in AdS/CFT text, January 2012

Eternal Black Holes and Superselection in AdS/CFT text, January 2012

Gauge/Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior text, January 2013

Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture text, January 2014

Boundary-to-bulk maps for AdS causal wedges and the Reeh-Schlieder property in holography text, January 2014

Infrared Consistency and the Weak Gravity Conjecture text, January 2014

Causality & holographic entanglement entropy text, January 2014

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole text, January 2015

Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective text, January 2015

Quantum criticality beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm text, January 2003

The Off-Shell Black Hole text, January 1993

A note on Gauge Theories Coupled to Gravity text, January 2006

A Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture from Infrared Consistency journal, May 2018

A Spin-2 Conjecture on the Swampland journal, December 2018

The Swampland: Introduction and Review journal, April 2019

Superselection sectors of gravitational subregions journal, January 2019

Entanglement entropy and superselection sectors. Part I. Global symmetries journal, February 2020

The factorization problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity journal, February 2020

Superrotation charge and supertranslation hair on black holes journal, May 2017

Holographic Renyi entropy from quantum error correction journal, May 2019

Modular symmetries and the swampland conjectures journal, May 2019

Swampland variations on a theme by KKLT journal, May 2019

Evidence for a sublattice weak gravity conjecture journal, August 2017

Infinite distances in field space and massless towers of states journal, August 2018

Local subsystems in gauge theory and gravity journal, September 2016

Racing through the swampland: de Sitter uplift vs. weak gravity journal, September 2018

Bulk and transhorizon measurements in AdS/CFT
journal, October 2012

Boundary-to-bulk maps for AdS causal wedges and the Reeh-Schlieder property in holography
journal, May 2014

Construction of bulk fields with gauge redundancy
journal, September 2012

Aspects of the Papadodimas-Raju proposal for the black hole interior
journal, November 2014

Bulk locality and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT
journal, April 2015

Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective
journal, December 2015

Combing gravitational hair in 2 + 1 dimensions
journal, December 2015

Boundary conditions and dualities: vector fields in AdS/CFT
journal, November 2006

Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter
journal, April 2003

An apologia for firewalls
journal, September 2013

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole
journal, November 2015

Monopoles, Duality, and String Theory
journal, February 2004

A expandable series of non-linear σ models with instantons
journal, December 1978

Instatons, the quark model, and the 1/N expansion
journal, March 1979

The string landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force
journal, June 2007

Holography from conformal field theory
journal, October 2009

Effective conformal theory and the flat-space limit of AdS
journal, July 2011

Eternal black holes and superselection in AdS/CFT
journal, December 2012

Wilson loop renormalization group flows
journal, October 2011

There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions
journal, December 1973

Deconfined Quantum Critical Points
journal, March 2004

Quantum criticality beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm
journal, October 2004

Monopoles in ${CP}^{N - 1}$ model via the state-operator correspondence
journal, December 2008

Scaling dimensions of monopole operators in the ℂ ℙ N b − 1 $$ \mathbb{C}{\mathrm{\mathbb{P}}}^{N_b-1} $$ theory in 2 + 1 dimensions
journal, June 2015

Lattice formulation of the CPn−1 non-linear σ models
journal, May 1979

The CPN−1 model: A strong coupling lattice approach
journal, May 1981

Path integral quantization of field theories with second-class constraints
journal, September 1976

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models
journal, November 1966

Finite-temperature behavior of the lattice abelian Higgs model
journal, December 1979

A note on gauge theories coupled to gravity
journal, September 2006

N -flation
journal, August 2008

On the dynamical generation of the Maxwell term and scale invariance
journal, July 2011

Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
journal, July 2014

Infrared consistency and the weak gravity conjecture
journal, December 2014

Multiple shocks
journal, December 2014

Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from the anti–de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence
journal, May 2006

A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal
journal, July 2007

The gravity dual of a density matrix
journal, July 2012

Maximin surfaces, and the strong subadditivity of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy
journal, November 2014

Causality & holographic entanglement entropy
journal, December 2014

Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence
journal, June 2015

The off-shell black hole
journal, July 1995

Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement
journal, June 2010

Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior
journal, October 2013

Building up Space–Time with Quantum Entanglement
journal, December 2010

Monopoles, Duality, and String Theory
conference, November 2011

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models
journal, December 1966

A Covariant Holographic Entanglement Entropy Proposal
text, January 2007

Holography from Conformal Field Theory
text, January 2009

Effective Conformal Theory and the Flat-Space Limit of AdS
text, January 2010

On the dynamical generation of the Maxwell term and scale invariance
text, January 2011

Bulk and Transhorizon Measurements in AdS/CFT
text, January 2012

Eternal Black Holes and Superselection in AdS/CFT
text, January 2012

Gauge/Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior
text, January 2013

Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
text, January 2014

Boundary-to-bulk maps for AdS causal wedges and the Reeh-Schlieder property in holography
text, January 2014

Infrared Consistency and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
text, January 2014

Causality & holographic entanglement entropy
text, January 2014

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole
text, January 2015

Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective
text, January 2015

Quantum criticality beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm
text, January 2003

The Off-Shell Black Hole
text, January 1993

A note on Gauge Theories Coupled to Gravity
text, January 2006

A Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture from Infrared Consistency
journal, May 2018

A Spin-2 Conjecture on the Swampland
journal, December 2018

The Swampland: Introduction and Review
journal, April 2019

Superselection sectors of gravitational subregions
journal, January 2019

Entanglement entropy and superselection sectors. Part I. Global symmetries
journal, February 2020

The factorization problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
journal, February 2020

Superrotation charge and supertranslation hair on black holes
journal, May 2017

Holographic Renyi entropy from quantum error correction
journal, May 2019

Modular symmetries and the swampland conjectures
journal, May 2019

Swampland variations on a theme by KKLT
journal, May 2019

Evidence for a sublattice weak gravity conjecture
journal, August 2017

Infinite distances in field space and massless towers of states
journal, August 2018

Local subsystems in gauge theory and gravity
journal, September 2016

Racing through the swampland: de Sitter uplift vs. weak gravity
journal, September 2018

The Weak Gravity Conjecture in three dimensions
journal, October 2016

Tensionless strings and the weak gravity conjecture
journal, October 2018

Repulsive forces and the weak gravity conjecture
journal, October 2019