Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122

Title: Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

Abstract

This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the ormhole dual to the thermo field double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension with the microscopic tensor factorization of the Hilbert space. Here, I explain how this tension can be resolved by splitting the gauge field into charged constituents, and I argue that this leads to a new argument for the "principle of completeness", which states that the charge lattice of a gauge theory coupled to gravity must be fully populated. I also claim that it leads to a new motivation for (and a clarification of) the "weak gravity conjecture", which I interpret as a strengthening of this principle. This setup gives a simple example of a situation where describing low-energy bulk physics in CFT language requires knowledge of high-energy bulk physics. Furthermore, this contradicts to some extent the notion of "effective conformal field theory", but in fact is an expected feature of the resolution of the black hole information problem. An analogous factorization issue exists also for the gravitational field, and I comment on several of its implications for reconstructing blackmore »« less

Authors:

Harlow, Daniel ^[1]

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature

Publication Date:: 2016-01-20

Research Org.:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1327308

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-91ER40654

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 2016; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer Berlin

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; AdS-CFT correspondence; gauge symmetry; black holes; global symmetries

Citation Formats


                    Harlow, Daniel. Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122.

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                    Harlow, Daniel. Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture.  United States.  doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122.

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                    Harlow, Daniel. Wed .  
        "Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture".  United States.  doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327308.

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@article{osti_1327308,

  title        = {Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture},

  author       = {Harlow, Daniel},

  abstractNote = {This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the ormhole dual to the thermo field double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension with the microscopic tensor factorization of the Hilbert space. Here, I explain how this tension can be resolved by splitting the gauge field into charged constituents, and I argue that this leads to a new argument for the "principle of completeness", which states that the charge lattice of a gauge theory coupled to gravity must be fully populated. I also claim that it leads to a new motivation for (and a clarification of) the "weak gravity conjecture", which I interpret as a strengthening of this principle. This setup gives a simple example of a situation where describing low-energy bulk physics in CFT language requires knowledge of high-energy bulk physics. Furthermore, this contradicts to some extent the notion of "effective conformal field theory", but in fact is an expected feature of the resolution of the black hole information problem. An analogous factorization issue exists also for the gravitational field, and I comment on several of its implications for reconstructing black hole interiors and the emergence of spacetime more generally.},

  doi          = {10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122},

  journal      = {Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 2016,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {1}

}

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DOI: 10.1007/JHEP01(2016)122

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Title: Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

Abstract

Citation Formats

Bulk and transhorizon measurements in AdS/CFT journal, October 2012

Boundary-to-bulk maps for AdS causal wedges and the Reeh-Schlieder property in holography journal, May 2014

Construction of bulk fields with gauge redundancy journal, September 2012

Aspects of the Papadodimas-Raju proposal for the black hole interior journal, November 2014

Bulk locality and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT journal, April 2015

Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective journal, December 2015

Combing gravitational hair in 2 + 1 dimensions journal, December 2015

Boundary conditions and dualities: vector fields in AdS/CFT journal, November 2006

Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter journal, April 2003

An apologia for firewalls journal, September 2013

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole journal, November 2015

Monopoles, Duality, and String Theory journal, February 2004

A expandable series of non-linear σ models with instantons journal, December 1978

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The string landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force journal, June 2007

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Eternal black holes and superselection in AdS/CFT journal, December 2012

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Monopoles in CP N − 1 model via the state-operator correspondence journal, December 2008

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Lattice formulation of the CPn−1 non-linear σ models journal, May 1979

The CPN−1 model: A strong coupling lattice approach journal, May 1981

Path integral quantization of field theories with second-class constraints journal, September 1976

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models journal, November 1966

Finite-temperature behavior of the lattice abelian Higgs model journal, December 1979

A note on gauge theories coupled to gravity journal, September 2006

N -flation journal, August 2008

On the dynamical generation of the Maxwell term and scale invariance journal, July 2011

Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture journal, July 2014

Infrared consistency and the weak gravity conjecture journal, December 2014

Multiple shocks journal, December 2014

Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from the anti–de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence journal, May 2006

A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal journal, July 2007

The gravity dual of a density matrix journal, July 2012

Maximin surfaces, and the strong subadditivity of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy journal, November 2014

Causality & holographic entanglement entropy journal, December 2014

Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence journal, June 2015

The off-shell black hole journal, July 1995

Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement journal, June 2010

Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior journal, October 2013

Racing through the swampland: de Sitter uplift vs. weak gravity journal, September 2018

The factorization problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity journal, February 2020

Racing through the swampland: de Sitter uplift vs. weak gravity journal, September 2018

A Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture from Infrared Consistency journal, May 2018

A Spin-2 Conjecture on the Swampland journal, December 2018

The Swampland: Introduction and Review journal, April 2019

Superselection sectors of gravitational subregions journal, January 2019

Entanglement entropy and superselection sectors. Part I. Global symmetries journal, February 2020

Superrotation charge and supertranslation hair on black holes journal, May 2017

Holographic Renyi entropy from quantum error correction journal, May 2019

Modular symmetries and the swampland conjectures journal, May 2019

Swampland variations on a theme by KKLT journal, May 2019

Evidence for a sublattice weak gravity conjecture journal, August 2017

Infinite distances in field space and massless towers of states journal, August 2018

Local subsystems in gauge theory and gravity journal, September 2016

The Weak Gravity Conjecture in three dimensions journal, October 2016

Tensionless strings and the weak gravity conjecture journal, October 2018

Repulsive forces and the weak gravity conjecture journal, October 2019

Firewalls vs. scrambling journal, October 2019

Weak gravity conjecture, multiple point principle and the standard model landscape journal, November 2017

Constraining neutrino masses, the cosmological constant and BSM physics from the weak gravity conjecture journal, November 2017

Black hole entropy and soft hair journal, December 2018

On the entanglement entropy of Maxwell theory: a condensed matter perspective journal, December 2018

Shrinking of operators in quantum error correction and AdS/CFT journal, December 2019

The Ryu–Takayanagi Formula from Quantum Error Correction journal, May 2017

Quantum-First Gravity journal, February 2019

Weak Gravity Conjecture and extremal black holes journal, June 2019

Conformal symmetry and its breaking in two-dimensional nearly anti-de Sitter space journal, November 2016

Relating the scalar weak gravity conjecture and the swampland distance conjecture for an accelerating universe journal, October 2019

Reconstruction of Bulk Operators within the Entanglement Wedge in Gauge-Gravity Duality journal, July 2016

Emergence of Weak Coupling at Large Distance in Quantum Gravity journal, August 2018

Constraints on Symmetries from Holography journal, May 2019

Weak Gravity Conjecture from Unitarity and Causality journal, July 2019

Bulk and transhorizon measurements in AdS/CFT
journal, October 2012

Boundary-to-bulk maps for AdS causal wedges and the Reeh-Schlieder property in holography
journal, May 2014

Construction of bulk fields with gauge redundancy
journal, September 2012

Aspects of the Papadodimas-Raju proposal for the black hole interior
journal, November 2014

Bulk locality and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT
journal, April 2015

Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective
journal, December 2015

Combing gravitational hair in 2 + 1 dimensions
journal, December 2015

Boundary conditions and dualities: vector fields in AdS/CFT
journal, November 2006

Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter
journal, April 2003

An apologia for firewalls
journal, September 2013

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole
journal, November 2015

Monopoles, Duality, and String Theory
journal, February 2004

A expandable series of non-linear σ models with instantons
journal, December 1978

Instatons, the quark model, and the 1/N expansion
journal, March 1979

The string landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force
journal, June 2007

Holography from conformal field theory
journal, October 2009

Effective conformal theory and the flat-space limit of AdS
journal, July 2011

Eternal black holes and superselection in AdS/CFT
journal, December 2012

Wilson loop renormalization group flows
journal, October 2011

There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions
journal, December 1973

Deconfined Quantum Critical Points
journal, March 2004

Quantum criticality beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm
journal, October 2004

Monopoles in ${CP}^{N - 1}$ model via the state-operator correspondence
journal, December 2008

Scaling dimensions of monopole operators in the ℂ ℙ N b − 1 $$ \mathbb{C}{\mathrm{\mathbb{P}}}^{N_b-1} $$ theory in 2 + 1 dimensions
journal, June 2015

Lattice formulation of the CPn−1 non-linear σ models
journal, May 1979

The CPN−1 model: A strong coupling lattice approach
journal, May 1981

Path integral quantization of field theories with second-class constraints
journal, September 1976

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models
journal, November 1966

Finite-temperature behavior of the lattice abelian Higgs model
journal, December 1979

A note on gauge theories coupled to gravity
journal, September 2006

N -flation
journal, August 2008

On the dynamical generation of the Maxwell term and scale invariance
journal, July 2011

Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
journal, July 2014

Infrared consistency and the weak gravity conjecture
journal, December 2014

Multiple shocks
journal, December 2014

Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from the anti–de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence
journal, May 2006

A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal
journal, July 2007

The gravity dual of a density matrix
journal, July 2012

Maximin surfaces, and the strong subadditivity of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy
journal, November 2014

Causality & holographic entanglement entropy
journal, December 2014

Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence
journal, June 2015

The off-shell black hole
journal, July 1995

Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement
journal, June 2010

Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior
journal, October 2013

Racing through the swampland: de Sitter uplift vs. weak gravity
journal, September 2018

The factorization problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
journal, February 2020

Racing through the swampland: de Sitter uplift vs. weak gravity
journal, September 2018

A Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture from Infrared Consistency
journal, May 2018

A Spin-2 Conjecture on the Swampland
journal, December 2018

The Swampland: Introduction and Review
journal, April 2019

Superselection sectors of gravitational subregions
journal, January 2019

Entanglement entropy and superselection sectors. Part I. Global symmetries
journal, February 2020

Superrotation charge and supertranslation hair on black holes
journal, May 2017

Holographic Renyi entropy from quantum error correction
journal, May 2019

Modular symmetries and the swampland conjectures
journal, May 2019

Swampland variations on a theme by KKLT
journal, May 2019

Evidence for a sublattice weak gravity conjecture
journal, August 2017

Infinite distances in field space and massless towers of states
journal, August 2018

Local subsystems in gauge theory and gravity
journal, September 2016

The Weak Gravity Conjecture in three dimensions
journal, October 2016

Tensionless strings and the weak gravity conjecture
journal, October 2018

Repulsive forces and the weak gravity conjecture
journal, October 2019

Firewalls vs. scrambling
journal, October 2019

Weak gravity conjecture, multiple point principle and the standard model landscape
journal, November 2017

Constraining neutrino masses, the cosmological constant and BSM physics from the weak gravity conjecture
journal, November 2017

Black hole entropy and soft hair
journal, December 2018

On the entanglement entropy of Maxwell theory: a condensed matter perspective
journal, December 2018

Shrinking of operators in quantum error correction and AdS/CFT
journal, December 2019

The Ryu–Takayanagi Formula from Quantum Error Correction
journal, May 2017

Quantum-First Gravity
journal, February 2019

Weak Gravity Conjecture and extremal black holes
journal, June 2019

Conformal symmetry and its breaking in two-dimensional nearly anti-de Sitter space
journal, November 2016

Relating the scalar weak gravity conjecture and the swampland distance conjecture for an accelerating universe
journal, October 2019

Reconstruction of Bulk Operators within the Entanglement Wedge in Gauge-Gravity Duality
journal, July 2016

Emergence of Weak Coupling at Large Distance in Quantum Gravity
journal, August 2018

Constraints on Symmetries from Holography
journal, May 2019

Weak Gravity Conjecture from Unitarity and Causality
journal, July 2019

The Weak Gravity Conjecture and emergence from an ultraviolet cutoff
journal, April 2018

The Hilbert space of quantum gravity is locally finite-dimensional
journal, October 2017

On the construction of charged operators inside an eternal black hole
journal, January 2017