Assessing Carbon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Universal Description of Charge-Transfer Binding
Abstract
Many key performance characteristics of carbon-based lithium-ion battery anodes are largely determined by the strength of binding between lithium (Li) and sp2 carbon (C), which can vary significantly with subtle changes in substrate structure, chemistry, and morphology. We use density functional theory calculations to investigate the interactions of Li with a wide variety of sp2 C substrates, including pristine, defective, and strained graphene, planar C clusters, nanotubes, C edges, and multilayer stacks. In almost all cases, we find a universal linear relation between the Li-C binding energy and the work required to fill previously unoccupied electronic states within the substrate. This suggests that Li capacity is predominantly determined by two key factors—namely, intrinsic quantum capacitance limitations and the absolute placement of the Fermi level. This simple descriptor allows for straightforward prediction of the Li-C binding energy and related battery characteristics in candidate C materials based solely on the substrate electronic structure. It further suggests specific guidelines for designing more effective C-based anodes. Furthermore, this method should be broadly applicable to charge-transfer adsorption on planar substrates, and provides a phenomenological connection to established principles in supercapacitor and catalyst design.
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Quantum Simulations Group; Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Chemistry, and Smalley Inst. for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Lab.
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Quantum Simulations Group
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1325867
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-652098
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 113; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 25 ENERGY STORAGE
Citation Formats
Liu, Yuanyue, Wang, Y. Morris, Yakobson, Boris I., and Wood, Brandon C. Assessing Carbon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Universal Description of Charge-Transfer Binding. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.028304.
Liu, Yuanyue, Wang, Y. Morris, Yakobson, Boris I., & Wood, Brandon C. Assessing Carbon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Universal Description of Charge-Transfer Binding. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.028304
Liu, Yuanyue, Wang, Y. Morris, Yakobson, Boris I., and Wood, Brandon C. Fri .
"Assessing Carbon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Universal Description of Charge-Transfer Binding". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.028304. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1325867.
@article{osti_1325867,
title = {Assessing Carbon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Universal Description of Charge-Transfer Binding},
author = {Liu, Yuanyue and Wang, Y. Morris and Yakobson, Boris I. and Wood, Brandon C.},
abstractNote = {Many key performance characteristics of carbon-based lithium-ion battery anodes are largely determined by the strength of binding between lithium (Li) and sp2 carbon (C), which can vary significantly with subtle changes in substrate structure, chemistry, and morphology. We use density functional theory calculations to investigate the interactions of Li with a wide variety of sp2 C substrates, including pristine, defective, and strained graphene, planar C clusters, nanotubes, C edges, and multilayer stacks. In almost all cases, we find a universal linear relation between the Li-C binding energy and the work required to fill previously unoccupied electronic states within the substrate. This suggests that Li capacity is predominantly determined by two key factors—namely, intrinsic quantum capacitance limitations and the absolute placement of the Fermi level. This simple descriptor allows for straightforward prediction of the Li-C binding energy and related battery characteristics in candidate C materials based solely on the substrate electronic structure. It further suggests specific guidelines for designing more effective C-based anodes. Furthermore, this method should be broadly applicable to charge-transfer adsorption on planar substrates, and provides a phenomenological connection to established principles in supercapacitor and catalyst design.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.028304},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 2,
volume = 113,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 11 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Fri Jul 11 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}
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