Switchable friction enabled by nanoscale self-assembly on graphene
Abstract
Graphene monolayers are known to display domains of anisotropic friction with twofold symmetry and anisotropy exceeding 200%. This anisotropy has been thought to originate from periodic nanoscale ripples in the graphene sheet, which enhance puckering around a sliding asperity to a degree determined by the sliding direction. Here we demonstrate that these frictional domains derive not from structural features in the graphene but from self-assembly of environmental adsorbates into a highly regular superlattice of stripes with period 4-6 nm. The stripes and resulting frictional domains appear on monolayer and multilayer graphene on a variety of substrates, as well as on exfoliated flakes of hexagonal boron nitride. We show that the stripe-superlattices can be reproducibly and reversibly manipulated with submicrometre precision using a scanning probe microscope, allowing us to create arbitrary arrangements of frictional domains within a single flake. Ultimately, our results suggest a revised understanding of the anisotropic friction observed on graphene and bulk graphite in terms of adsorbates.
- Authors:
-
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Dept. of Physics; Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics
- National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; US Air Force Office of Science Research (AFOSR); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Basic Research Program of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1259670
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1325467
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FA9550-12-1-02520; PHY-0830228; 2013CB934500; 61325021; 25106006; 91223204; 262480621; AC05-00OR22725; XDB07010100
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; anisotropy; friction; graphine
Citation Formats
Gallagher, Patrick, Lee, Menyoung, Amet, Francois, Maksymovych, Petro, Wang, Jun, Wang, Shuopei, Lu, Xiaobo, Zhang, Guangyu, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, and Goldhaber-Gordon, David. Switchable friction enabled by nanoscale self-assembly on graphene. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1038/ncomms10745.
Gallagher, Patrick, Lee, Menyoung, Amet, Francois, Maksymovych, Petro, Wang, Jun, Wang, Shuopei, Lu, Xiaobo, Zhang, Guangyu, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, & Goldhaber-Gordon, David. Switchable friction enabled by nanoscale self-assembly on graphene. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10745
Gallagher, Patrick, Lee, Menyoung, Amet, Francois, Maksymovych, Petro, Wang, Jun, Wang, Shuopei, Lu, Xiaobo, Zhang, Guangyu, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, and Goldhaber-Gordon, David. Tue .
"Switchable friction enabled by nanoscale self-assembly on graphene". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10745. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1259670.
@article{osti_1259670,
title = {Switchable friction enabled by nanoscale self-assembly on graphene},
author = {Gallagher, Patrick and Lee, Menyoung and Amet, Francois and Maksymovych, Petro and Wang, Jun and Wang, Shuopei and Lu, Xiaobo and Zhang, Guangyu and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Goldhaber-Gordon, David},
abstractNote = {Graphene monolayers are known to display domains of anisotropic friction with twofold symmetry and anisotropy exceeding 200%. This anisotropy has been thought to originate from periodic nanoscale ripples in the graphene sheet, which enhance puckering around a sliding asperity to a degree determined by the sliding direction. Here we demonstrate that these frictional domains derive not from structural features in the graphene but from self-assembly of environmental adsorbates into a highly regular superlattice of stripes with period 4-6 nm. The stripes and resulting frictional domains appear on monolayer and multilayer graphene on a variety of substrates, as well as on exfoliated flakes of hexagonal boron nitride. We show that the stripe-superlattices can be reproducibly and reversibly manipulated with submicrometre precision using a scanning probe microscope, allowing us to create arbitrary arrangements of frictional domains within a single flake. Ultimately, our results suggest a revised understanding of the anisotropic friction observed on graphene and bulk graphite in terms of adsorbates.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms10745},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = ,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 23 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Tue Feb 23 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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