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Title: Kinetics of Coinfection with Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract

Secondary bacterial infections are a leading cause of illness and death during epidemic and pandemic influenza. Experimental studies suggest a lethal synergism between influenza and certain bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the precise processes involved are unclear. In this paper, to address the mechanisms and determine the influences of pathogen dose and strain on disease, we infected groups of mice with either the H1N1 subtype influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) or a version expressing the 1918 PB1-F2 protein (PR8-PB1-F2(1918)), followed seven days later with one of two S. pneumoniae strains, type 2 D39 or type 3 A66.1. We determined that, following bacterial infection, viral titers initially rebound and then decline slowly. Bacterial titers rapidly rise to high levels and remain elevated. We used a kinetic model to explore the coupled interactions and study the dominant controlling mechanisms. We hypothesize that viral titers rebound in the presence of bacteria due to enhanced viral release from infected cells, and that bacterial titers increase due to alveolar macrophage impairment. Dynamics are affected by initial bacterial dose but not by the expression of the influenza 1918 PB1-F2 protein. Finally, our model provides a framework to investigate pathogen interaction during coinfections and to uncovermore » dynamical differences based on inoculum size and strain.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6]
  1. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN (United States). Dept. of Infectious Diseases
  2. Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Mathematics. Dept. of Biology
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Theoretical Biology and Biophysics; Univ. of Lisbon (Portugal). School of Medicine. Inst. of Molecular Medicine
  4. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology
  5. Univ. of Melbourne (Australia). Dept. of Immunology and Microbiology
  6. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Theoretical Biology and Biophysics
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; National Inst. of Health (NIH) (United States); National Science Foundation (NSF); James S. McDonnell Foundation (United States); Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (Portugal)
Contributing Org.:
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN (United States); Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)
OSTI Identifier:
1321716
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-12-21471
Journal ID: ISSN 1553-7374
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; HHSN272201000055C; OD011095; AI028433; AI100946; P20-GM103452; DMS-0354259; PCOFUND-GA-2009-246542
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS Pathogens
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1553-7374
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; biological science; influenza; co-infections; pneumococcus; alveolar macrophages; bacterial diseases; influenza A virus; influenza viruses; bacterial pathogens

Citation Formats

Smith, Amber M., Adler, Frederick R., Ribeiro, Ruy M., Gutenkunst, Ryan N., McAuley, Julie L., McCullers, Jonathan A., and Perelson, Alan S. Kinetics of Coinfection with Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003238.
Smith, Amber M., Adler, Frederick R., Ribeiro, Ruy M., Gutenkunst, Ryan N., McAuley, Julie L., McCullers, Jonathan A., & Perelson, Alan S. Kinetics of Coinfection with Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003238
Smith, Amber M., Adler, Frederick R., Ribeiro, Ruy M., Gutenkunst, Ryan N., McAuley, Julie L., McCullers, Jonathan A., and Perelson, Alan S. Thu . "Kinetics of Coinfection with Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003238. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1321716.
@article{osti_1321716,
title = {Kinetics of Coinfection with Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae},
author = {Smith, Amber M. and Adler, Frederick R. and Ribeiro, Ruy M. and Gutenkunst, Ryan N. and McAuley, Julie L. and McCullers, Jonathan A. and Perelson, Alan S.},
abstractNote = {Secondary bacterial infections are a leading cause of illness and death during epidemic and pandemic influenza. Experimental studies suggest a lethal synergism between influenza and certain bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the precise processes involved are unclear. In this paper, to address the mechanisms and determine the influences of pathogen dose and strain on disease, we infected groups of mice with either the H1N1 subtype influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) or a version expressing the 1918 PB1-F2 protein (PR8-PB1-F2(1918)), followed seven days later with one of two S. pneumoniae strains, type 2 D39 or type 3 A66.1. We determined that, following bacterial infection, viral titers initially rebound and then decline slowly. Bacterial titers rapidly rise to high levels and remain elevated. We used a kinetic model to explore the coupled interactions and study the dominant controlling mechanisms. We hypothesize that viral titers rebound in the presence of bacteria due to enhanced viral release from infected cells, and that bacterial titers increase due to alveolar macrophage impairment. Dynamics are affected by initial bacterial dose but not by the expression of the influenza 1918 PB1-F2 protein. Finally, our model provides a framework to investigate pathogen interaction during coinfections and to uncover dynamical differences based on inoculum size and strain.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1003238},
journal = {PLoS Pathogens},
number = 3,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Thu Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}

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Enhanced IL-1β production is mediated by a TLR2-MYD88-NLRP3 signaling axis during coinfection with influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
journal, February 2019


Respiratory viral infection: a potential “missing link” in the pathogenesis of COPD
journal, February 2019

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Topological data analysis to uncover the shape of immune responses during co-infection
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Impact of the H275Y and I223V Mutations in the Neuraminidase of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus In Vitro and Evaluating Experimental Reproducibility
posted_content, May 2021

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Impact of viral upper respiratory tract infection on the concentration of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage among Kenyan children
journal, July 2018


Canine influenza virus coinfection with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius enhances bacterial colonization, virus load and clinical presentation in mice
journal, June 2016


Mathematical modeling of within-host Zika virus dynamics
journal, August 2018

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Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Negatively Modulates the Size and Composition of the Ongoing Influenza-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response
journal, October 2014

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Prevalence and clinical impact of VIral Respiratory tract infections in patients hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: the VIRCAP study
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Fundamental properties of cooperative contagion processes
journal, October 2017

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Allergic inflammation alters the lung microbiome and hinders synergistic co-infection with H1N1 influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in C57BL/6 mice
journal, December 2019


IL-1 Signaling Prevents Alveolar Macrophage Depletion during Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection
journal, January 2018

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Simulation modelling for immunologists
journal, December 2019

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Influenza A Virus as a Predisposing Factor for Cryptococcosis
journal, September 2017

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Complex dynamics of synergistic coinfections on realistically clustered networks
journal, July 2015

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Modeling Influenza Virus Infection: A Roadmap for Influenza Research
journal, October 2015

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  • Viruses, Vol. 7, Issue 10
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Host-pathogen kinetics during influenza infection and coinfection: insights from predictive modeling
journal, August 2018


Multiplicity of Mathematical Modeling Strategies to Search for Molecular and Cellular Insights into Bacteria Lung Infection
journal, August 2017


Critical Role of HAX-1 in Promoting Avian Influenza Virus Replication in Lung Epithelial Cells
journal, January 2018


A review of inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases
journal, October 2018


Dynamic pneumococcal genetic adaptations support bacterial growth and inflammation during coinfection with influenza
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Mathematical Models for Immunology: Current State of the Art and Future Research Directions
journal, October 2016

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Superinfection and cell regeneration can lead to chronic viral coinfections
journal, April 2019

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Viral–bacterial co-infections in the respiratory tract
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Metabolic conversion of CI-1040 turns a cellular MEK-inhibitor into an antibacterial compound
journal, June 2018


Impact of viral upper respiratory tract infection on the concentration of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage among Kenyan children
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The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia
journal, October 2015

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Hierarchical effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the post-influenza susceptibility to pneumococcal coinfection
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Heterogeneous shedding of influenza by human subjects and its implications for epidemiology and control
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Persistent spatial patterns of interacting contagions
journal, February 2019


A Perfect Storm: Increased Colonization and Failure of Vaccination Leads to Severe Secondary Bacterial Infection in Influenza Virus-Infected Obese Mice
journal, November 2017

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Application of Optimal Control to Influenza Pneumonia Coinfection with Antiviral Resistance
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Impact of microbial Aetiology on mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia
journal, September 2018


Canine influenza virus coinfection with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius enhances bacterial colonization, virus load and clinical presentation in mice
journal, June 2016


Non-Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Portugal—Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance
journal, July 2014


An Epithelial Integrin Regulates the Amplitude of Protective Lung Interferon Responses against Multiple Respiratory Pathogens
journal, August 2016

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Capsules of virulent pneumococcal serotypes enhance formation of neutrophil extracellular traps during in vivo pathogenesis of pneumonia
journal, March 2016


Impact of the H275Y and I223V Mutations in the Neuraminidase of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus In Vitro and Evaluating Experimental Reproducibility
posted_content, May 2021

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Influenza A Virus as a Predisposing Factor for Cryptococcosis
journal, September 2017

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  • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol. 7
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In vivo Neutralization of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines During Secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Post Influenza A Virus Infection
journal, August 2019

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Modeling Influenza Virus Infection: A Roadmap for Influenza Research
journal, October 2015

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Combined bacterial and viral treatment: a novel anticancer strategy
journal, January 2015