Comparison of Parallel and Series Hybrid Power Trains for Transit Bus Applications
Abstract
The fuel economy and emissions of conventional and hybrid buses equipped with emissions after treatment were evaluated via computational simulation for six representative city bus drive cycles. Both series and parallel configurations for the hybrid case were studied. The simulation results indicated that series hybrid buses have the greatest overall advantage in fuel economy. The series and parallel hybrid buses were predicted to produce similar carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions but were also predicted to have reduced tailpipe emissions of nitrogen oxides compared with the conventional bus in higher speed cycles. For the New York bus cycle, which has the lowest average speed among the cycles evaluated, the series bus tailpipe emissions were somewhat higher than they were for the conventional bus; the parallel hybrid bus had significantly lower tailpipe emissions. All three bus power trains were found to require periodic active diesel particulate filter regeneration to maintain control of particulate matter. Finally, plug-in operation of series hybrid buses appears to offer significant fuel economy benefits and is easily employed because of the relatively large battery capacity that is typical of the series hybrid configuration.
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). National Transportation Research Center (NTRC)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1319203
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Transportation Research Record
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2570; Journal ID: ISSN 0361-1981
- Publisher:
- National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
Citation Formats
Gao, Zhiming, Daw, C. Stuart, Smith, David E., LaClair, Tim J., Parks, James E., and Jones, Perry T. Comparison of Parallel and Series Hybrid Power Trains for Transit Bus Applications. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.3141/2570-11.
Gao, Zhiming, Daw, C. Stuart, Smith, David E., LaClair, Tim J., Parks, James E., & Jones, Perry T. Comparison of Parallel and Series Hybrid Power Trains for Transit Bus Applications. United States. https://doi.org/10.3141/2570-11
Gao, Zhiming, Daw, C. Stuart, Smith, David E., LaClair, Tim J., Parks, James E., and Jones, Perry T. Mon .
"Comparison of Parallel and Series Hybrid Power Trains for Transit Bus Applications". United States. https://doi.org/10.3141/2570-11. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1319203.
@article{osti_1319203,
title = {Comparison of Parallel and Series Hybrid Power Trains for Transit Bus Applications},
author = {Gao, Zhiming and Daw, C. Stuart and Smith, David E. and LaClair, Tim J. and Parks, James E. and Jones, Perry T.},
abstractNote = {The fuel economy and emissions of conventional and hybrid buses equipped with emissions after treatment were evaluated via computational simulation for six representative city bus drive cycles. Both series and parallel configurations for the hybrid case were studied. The simulation results indicated that series hybrid buses have the greatest overall advantage in fuel economy. The series and parallel hybrid buses were predicted to produce similar carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions but were also predicted to have reduced tailpipe emissions of nitrogen oxides compared with the conventional bus in higher speed cycles. For the New York bus cycle, which has the lowest average speed among the cycles evaluated, the series bus tailpipe emissions were somewhat higher than they were for the conventional bus; the parallel hybrid bus had significantly lower tailpipe emissions. All three bus power trains were found to require periodic active diesel particulate filter regeneration to maintain control of particulate matter. Finally, plug-in operation of series hybrid buses appears to offer significant fuel economy benefits and is easily employed because of the relatively large battery capacity that is typical of the series hybrid configuration.},
doi = {10.3141/2570-11},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
number = ,
volume = 2570,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Cited by: 7 works
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Figures / Tables:
TABLE 1: Literature Summary for Fuel Economy and Emissions Reduction.
All figures and tables
(11 total)
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Works referenced in this record:
In-Use Performance Comparison of Hybrid Electric, CNG, and Diesel Buses at New York City Transit
conference, June 2008
- Barnitt, Robb A.
- 2008 SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Congress, SAE Technical Paper Series
Two-Mode Urban Transit Hybrid Bus In-Use Fuel Economy Results from 20 Million Fleet Miles
conference, April 2007
- Chiang, Peter K.
- SAE World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Evaluation of In-Use Fuel Economy for Hybrid and Regular Transit Buses
journal, January 2013
- Hallmark, Shauna L.; Wang, Bo; Qiu, Yu
- Journal of Transportation Technologies, Vol. 03, Issue 01
Simulations of the Fuel Economy and Emissions of Hybrid Transit Buses over Planned Local Routes
journal, April 2014
- Gao, Zhiming; LaClair, Tim J.; Daw, C. Stuart
- SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 30
report, July 2011
- Davis, Stacy Cagle; Diegel, Susan W.; Boundy, Robert Gary
Simulation of Catalytic Oxidation and Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction in Lean-Exhaust Hybrid Vehicles
conference, April 2012
- Gao, Zhiming; Daw, C. Stuart; Chakravarthy, V. Kalyana
- SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Simulated Fuel Economy and Emissions Performance during City and Interstate Driving for a Heavy-Duty Hybrid Truck
journal, April 2013
- Daw, C. Stuart; Gao, Zhiming; Smith, David E.
- SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles, Vol. 6, Issue 1
A One-Dimensional Computational Model for Studying the Filtration and Regeneration Characteristics of a Catalyzed Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filter
conference, March 2003
- Huynh, Cuong T.; Johnson, John H.; Yang, Song L.
- SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Hybrid Transit Bus Technology Assessment - A Feasibility Approach
conference, October 2012
- Barbosa, Fabio Coelho
- 21st SAE Brasil International Congress and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Evaluation of the efficiency and the drive cycle emissions for a hydrogen direct-injection engine
journal, November 2012
- Wallner, Thomas; Matthias, Nicholas S.; Scarcelli, Riccardo
- Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 227, Issue 1
Comparative Study of Hybrid Powertrains on Fuel Saving, Emissions, and Component Energy Loss in HD Trucks
journal, May 2014
- Gao, Zhiming; Finney, Charles; Daw, Charles
- SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Comparisons of the simulated emissions and fuel efficiencies of diesel and gasoline hybrid electric vehicles
journal, May 2011
- Gao, Z.; Chakravarthy, V. K.; Daw, C. S.
- Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 225, Issue 7
A proposed methodology for estimating transient engine-out temperature and emissions from steady-state maps
journal, February 2010
- Gao, Z.; Conklin, J. C.; Daw, C. S.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.