A review of metasurfaces: Physics and applications

Chen, Hou -Tong; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Yu, Nanfang

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076401

Title: A review of metasurfaces: Physics and applications

Journal Article · 16 June 2016 · Reports on Progress in Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076401 · OSTI ID:1304830

Chen, Hou -Tong ^[1]; Taylor, Antoinette J. ^[1]; Yu, Nanfang ^[2]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. In addition, we also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; 20150109DR

OSTI ID:: 1304830

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1257499; OSTI ID: 1334141

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-15-29549; LA-UR-15-27673

Journal Information:: Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 7; ISSN 0034-4885

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Active control of EIT-like response in a symmetry-broken metasurface with orthogonal electric dipolar resonators Yang, Ruisheng; Fu, Quanhong; Fan, Yuancheng Photonics Research, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.7.000955	journal	January 2019
Complex Deep Learning with Quantum Optics Manzalini, Antonio Quantum Reports, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum1010011	journal	July 2019
Electrically and Thermally Tunable Smooth Silicon Metasurfaces for Broadband Terahertz Antireflection Ding, Lu; Luo, Xianshu; Cheng, Liang Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800928	journal	October 2018
Digital Metasurface with Phase Code and Reflection–Transmission Amplitude Code for Flexible Full‐Space Electromagnetic Manipulations Wu, Rui Yuan; Zhang, Lei; Bao, Lei Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801429	journal	January 2019
Phonon Polaritons and Hyperbolic Response in van der Waals Materials Hu, Guangwei; Shen, Jialiang; Qiu, Cheng‐Wei Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901393	journal	November 2019
Light-Controllable Digital Coding Metasurfaces Zhang, Xin Ge; Tang, Wen Xuan; Jiang, Wei Xiang Advanced Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201801028	journal	August 2018
Magnetic Hyperbolic Metasurface: Concept, Design, and Applications Yang, Yihao; Qin, Pengfei; Zheng, Bin Advanced Science, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201801495	journal	November 2018
Inertial amplified resonators for tunable metasurfaces Zeighami, Farhad; Palermo, Antonio; Marzani, Alessandro Meccanica, Vol. 54, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-019-01020-4	journal	July 2019
Subwavelength integrated photonics Cheben, Pavel; Halir, Robert; Schmid, Jens H. Nature, Vol. 560, Issue 7720 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0421-7	journal	August 2018
An Information Theory-Inspired Strategy for Design of Re-programmable Encrypted Graphene-based Coding Metasurfaces at Terahertz Frequencies Momeni, Ali; Rouhi, Kasra; Rajabalipanah, Hamid Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24553-2	journal	April 2018
High-efficiency dual-modes vortex beam generator with polarization-dependent transmission and reflection properties Tang, Shiwei; Cai, Tong; Wang, Guang-Ming Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24929-4	journal	April 2018
Reprogrammable Graphene-based Metasurface Mirror with Adaptive Focal Point for THz Imaging Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan; Rouhi, Kasra; Neshat, Mohammad Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39266-3	journal	February 2019
Arrays of highly complex noble metal nanostructures using nanoimprint lithography in combination with liquid-phase epitaxy Menumerov, Eredzhep; Golze, Spencer D.; Hughes, Robert A. Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06874g	journal	January 2018
Near-atomically flat, chemically homogeneous, electrically conductive optical metasurface Kim, Jong Uk; Jeon, Suwan; Heo, Minsung Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10436k	journal	January 2019
An optically transparent metasurface for broadband microwave antireflection Zhao, Jie; Zhang, Cheng; Cheng, Qiang Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018017	journal	February 2018
Neural network based design of metagratings Inampudi, Sandeep; Mosallaei, Hossein Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5033327	journal	June 2018
Frequency-dependent transmission-type digital coding metasurface controlled by light intensity Zhang, Xin Ge; Jiang, Wei Xiang; Cui, Tie Jun Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5045718	journal	August 2018
Water-injected all-dielectric ultra-wideband and prominent oblique incidence metamaterial absorber in microwave regime Huang, Xiaojun; Yang, Helin; Shen, Zhaoyang Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa81af	journal	August 2017
Smart Table Based on a Metasurface for Wireless Power Transfer Song, Mingzhao; Baryshnikova, Kseniia; Markvart, Aleksandr Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.11.054046	journal	May 2019
Generalized Optical Signal Processing Based on Multioperator Metasurfaces Synthesized by Susceptibility Tensors Momeni, Ali; Rajabalipanah, Hamid; Abdolali, Ali Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.11.064042	journal	June 2019
Photonic Heterostructures for Spin-Flipped Beam Splitting Niu, Chuanning; Wang, Zuojia; Zhao, Jia Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.12.044009	journal	October 2019
Controlling phase of arbitrary polarizations using both the geometric phase and the propagation phase Wu, Lin; Tao, Jin; Zheng, Guoxing Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.245426	journal	June 2018
Direct polarization measurement using a multiplexed Pancharatnam–Berry metahologram Zhang, Xueqian; Yang, Shumin; Yue, Weisheng Optica, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.6.001190	journal	January 2019
Transmission-Reflection-Integrated Multifunctional Coding Metasurface for Full-Space Controls of Electromagnetic Waves Zhang, Lei; Wu, Rui Yuan; Bai, Guo Dong Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201802205	journal	June 2018
Metasurface‐Empowered Optical Multiplexing and Multifunction Chen, Shuqi; Liu, Wenwei; Li, Zhancheng Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805912	journal	October 2019
Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive Hail, Claudio U.; Michel, Ann‐Katrin U.; Poulikakos, Dimos Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801786	journal	April 2019
Dynamic Terahertz Plasmonics Enabled by Phase‐Change Materials Jeong, Young‐Gyun; Bahk, Young‐Mi; Kim, Dai‐Sik Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900548	journal	August 2019
Ultra-Sharp Multi-Mode Waveguide Bending Assisted with Metamaterial-Based Mode Converters Xu, Hongnan; Shi, Yaocheng Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700240	journal	January 2018
Hybrid graphene metasurfaces for high-speed mid-infrared light modulation and single-pixel imaging Zeng, Beibei; Huang, Zhiqin; Singh, Akhilesh Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0055-4	journal	August 2018
Temperature-Controlled Asymmetric Transmission of Electromagnetic Waves Liu, Meng; Xu, Quan; Chen, Xieyu Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40791-4	journal	March 2019
Switchable multifunctional terahertz metasurfaces employing vanadium dioxide Li, Xike; Tang, Shiwei; Ding, Fei Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41915-6	journal	April 2019
Invited Article: Narrowband terahertz bandpass filters employing stacked bilayer metasurface antireflection structures Chang, Chun-Chieh; Huang, Li; Nogan, John APL Photonics, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003984	journal	May 2018
Quality factor assessment of finite-size all-dielectric metasurfaces at the magnetic dipole resonance Warne, Larry K.; Jorgenson, Roy E.; Campione, Salvatore Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980418820161	journal	January 2018
Polarization-switchable holograms based on efficient, broadband multifunctional metasurfaces in the visible regime Cheng, Fei; Ding, Lei; Qiu, Liangyu Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.030678	journal	January 2018
MetaOptics: opensource software for designing metasurface optical element GDSII layouts Dharmavarapu, Raghu; Hock Ng, Soon; Eftekhari, Fatima Optics Express, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.384057	journal	January 2020
Dielectric metasurfaces solve differential and integro-differential equations Abdollahramezani, Sajjad; Chizari, Ata; Dorche, Ali Eshaghian Optics Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.001197	journal	January 2017
A review of gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces: fundamentals and applications Ding, Fei; Yang, Yuanqing; Deshpande, Rucha A. Nanophotonics, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0125	journal	June 2018
Plasmonic field guided patterning of ordered colloidal nanostructures Huang, Xiaoping; Chen, Kai; Qi, Mingxi Nanophotonics, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0211	journal	February 2019
Multiphysics simulations of adaptive metasurfaces at the meta-atom length scale Meyer, Sebastian; Tan, Zhi Yang; Chigrin, Dmitry N. Nanophotonics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0458	journal	February 2020
All‐Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces Leitis, Aleksandrs; Heßler, Andreas; Wahl, Sophia Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201910259	journal	March 2020
From Single‐Dimensional to Multidimensional Manipulation of Optical Waves with Metasurfaces Chen, Shuqi; Li, Zhancheng; Liu, Wenwei Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802458	journal	February 2019
An Etching‐Free Approach Toward Large‐Scale Light‐Emitting Metasurfaces Brière, Gauthier; Ni, Peinan; Héron, Sébastien Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801271	journal	April 2019
Ultrathin Planar Cavity Metasurfaces Wang, Hsiang-Chu; Chu, Cheng Hung; Wu, Pin Chieh Small, Vol. 14, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703920	journal	April 2018
Facile metagrating holograms with broadband and extreme angle tolerance Deng, Zi-Lan; Deng, Junhong; Zhuang, Xin Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0075-0	journal	October 2018
Chip-scale atomic diffractive optical elements Stern, Liron; Bopp, Douglas G.; Schima, Susan A. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11145-5	journal	July 2019
3D metamaterials Kadic, Muamer; Milton, Graeme W.; van Hecke, Martin Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-018-0018-y	journal	January 2019
Three dimensional dual-band phase gradient metamaterial based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase Zheng, Qiqi; Li, Yongfeng; Pang, Yongqiang Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998412	journal	August 2017
Tunable plasmon-enhanced birefringence in ribbon array of anisotropic two-dimensional materials Khaliji, Kaveh; Fallahi, Arya; Martin-Moreno, Luis Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.95.201401	journal	May 2017
Type-II Dirac Photons at Metasurfaces Hu, Chuandeng; Li, Zhenyu; Tong, Rui Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.024301	journal	July 2018
Imaging with two skew ideal lenses Bělín, Jakub; Courtial, Johannes Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 36, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.36.000132	journal	December 2018
Geometric phase diffractive waveplate singularity arrays [Invited] Walsh, Gary F.; De Sio, Luciano; Tabiryan, Nelson Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.36.00d126	journal	January 2019
Coupling-based Huygens’ meta-atom utilizing bilayer complementary plasmonic structure for light manipulation Liu, Tongjun; Huang, Lirong; Hong, Wei Optics Express, Vol. 25, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.016332	journal	January 2017
Multifocal metalens with a controllable intensity ratio Lv, Haoran; Lu, Xiaoqing; Han, Yuansheng Optics Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.002518	journal	January 2019
Ultrathin dual-functional metasurface with transmission and absorption characteristics Zhang, Xu; Wei, Zeyong; Fan, Yuancheng Optical Materials Express, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.8.000875	journal	January 2018
Tunable/Reconfigurable Metasurfaces: Physics and Applications He, Qiong; Sun, Shulin; Zhou, Lei Research, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.34133/2019/1849272	journal	July 2019
Polarization Conversion Effect in Biological and Synthetic Photonic Diamond Structures Wu, Xia; Rodríguez‐Gallegos, Fernando L.; Heep, Marie‐Christin Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800635	journal	October 2018
Manipulating Cherenkov Radiation and Smith–Purcell Radiation by Artificial Structures Su, Zhaoxian; Xiong, Bo; Xu, Yihao Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801666	journal	April 2019
All‐Dielectric Silicon Metasurface with Strong Subterahertz Toroidal Dipole Resonance Zografopoulos, Dimitrios C.; Ferraro, Antonio; Algorri, José Francisco Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900777	journal	July 2019
Terahertz Reflectarray with Enhanced Bandwidth You, Xiaolong; Ako, Rajour T.; Lee, Wendy S. L. Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900791	journal	July 2019
Real-Time and Broadband Terahertz Wave Scattering Manipulation via Polarization-Insensitive Conformal Graphene-Based Coding Metasurfaces Rouhi, Kasra; Rajabalipanah, Hamid; Abdolali, Ali Annalen der Physik, Vol. 530, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201700310	journal	December 2017
Highly Efficient Generation of Angular Momentum with Cylindrical Bianisotropic Metasurfaces Li, Junfei; Díaz-Rubio, Ana; Shen, Chen Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.11.024016	journal	February 2019
Nonlinearity in the Dark: Broadband Terahertz Generation with Extremely High Efficiency Fang, Ming; Shen, Nian-Hai; Sha, Wei E. I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.027401	journal	January 2019
Optimization and uncertainty quantification of gradient index metasurfaces [Invited] Schmitt, Nikolai; Georg, Niklas; Brière, Gauthier Optical Materials Express, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.9.000892	journal	January 2019
Metasurfaces and their applications Li, Aobo; Singh, Shreya; Sievenpiper, Dan Nanophotonics, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0120	journal	June 2018
High-efficiency and full-space manipulation of electromagnetic wave-fronts with metasurfaces Cai, Tong; Wang, GuangMing; Tang, ShiWei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.07100	text	January 2017
Chip-scale atomic diffractive optical elements Stern, Liron; Bopp, Douglas; Schima, Susan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.01543	preprint	January 2018
Tricontrollable pixelated metasurface for absorbing terahertz radiation Kumar, Pankaj; Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Jain, Pradip Kumar arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.12447	text	January 2019
Light-Controllable Digital Coding Metasurfaces Zhang, Xin Ge; Tang, Wen Xuan; Jiang, Wei Xiang Advanced Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201801028	journal	August 2018
Beam Manipulation Mechanisms of Dielectric Metasurfaces Guo, Baoshan; Jiang, Lan; Hua, Yanhong ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00641	journal	April 2019
Bifunctional gap-plasmon metasurfaces for visible light: polarization-controlled unidirectional surface plasmon excitation and beam steering at normal incidence Ding, Fei; Deshpande, Rucha; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I. Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.178	journal	December 2017
Hybrid graphene metasurfaces for high-speed mid-infrared light modulation and single-pixel imaging Zeng, Beibei; Huang, Zhiqin; Singh, Akhilesh Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0055-4	journal	August 2018
Facile metagrating holograms with broadband and extreme angle tolerance Deng, Zi-Lan; Deng, Junhong; Zhuang, Xin Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0075-0	journal	October 2018
Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts Li, Junfei; Shen, Chen; Díaz-Rubio, Ana Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03778-9	journal	April 2018
Surface-wave-assisted nonreciprocity in spatio-temporally modulated metasurfaces Cardin, Andrew E.; Silva, Sinhara R.; Vardeny, Shai R. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15273-1	journal	March 2020
High-efficiency chirality-modulated spoof surface plasmon meta-coupler Duan, Jingwen; Guo, Huijie; Dong, Shaohua Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01664-w	journal	May 2017
Electrically Tunable Metamaterials Based on Multimaterial Nanowires Incorporating Transparent Conductive Oxides Salary, Mohammad Mahdi; Mosallaei, Hossein Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09523-4	journal	August 2017
A broadband reflective-type half-wave plate employing optical feedbacks Zhou, Gaochao; Zhu, Bo; Zhao, Junming Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09561-y	journal	August 2017
Optimization-based Dielectric Metasurfaces for Angle-Selective Multifunctional Beam Deflection Cheng, Jierong; Inampudi, Sandeep; Mosallaei, Hossein Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12541-x	journal	September 2017
Simultaneous quarter-wave plate and half-mirror operation through a highly flexible single layer anisotropic metasurface Khan, M. Ismail; Tahir, Farooq A. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15279-8	journal	November 2017
Metasurfaced Reverberation Chamber Sun, Hengyi; Li, Zhuo; Gu, Changqing Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20066-0	journal	January 2018
An Information Theory-Inspired Strategy for Design of Re-programmable Encrypted Graphene-based Coding Metasurfaces at Terahertz Frequencies Momeni, Ali; Rouhi, Kasra; Rajabalipanah, Hamid Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24553-2	journal	April 2018
High-efficiency dual-modes vortex beam generator with polarization-dependent transmission and reflection properties Tang, Shiwei; Cai, Tong; Wang, Guang-Ming Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24929-4	journal	April 2018
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Optical Metasurfaces Design Jafar-Zanjani, Samad; Inampudi, Sandeep; Mosallaei, Hossein Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29275-z	journal	July 2018
Temperature-mediated invocation of the vacuum state for switchable ultrawide-angle and broadband deflection Serebryannikov, Andriy E.; Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Aalizadeh, Majid Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32977-z	journal	October 2018
Linear and circular-polarization conversion in X-band using anisotropic metasurface Khan, M. Ismail; Khalid, Zobaria; Tahir, Farooq A. Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40793-2	journal	March 2019
Switchable multifunctional terahertz metasurfaces employing vanadium dioxide Li, Xike; Tang, Shiwei; Ding, Fei Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41915-6	journal	April 2019
A Computational Design Framework for Efficient, Fabrication Error-Tolerant, Planar THz Diffractive Optical Elements Banerji, Sourangsu; Sensale-Rodriguez, Berardi Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42243-5	journal	April 2019
Toroidal metasurface resonances in microwave waveguides Zografopoulos, Dimitrios C.; Algorri, José Francisco; Ferraro, Antonio Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44093-7	journal	May 2019
Three-Dimensional Resistive Metamaterial Absorber Loaded with Metallic Resonators for the Enhancement of Lower-Frequency Absorption Shen, Yang; Zhang, Jie; Pang, Yong Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020210	journal	January 2018
Metamaterial Lensing Devices Lv, Jiangtao; Zhou, Ming; Gu, Qiongchan Molecules, Vol. 24, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132460	journal	July 2019
Chiral Plasmonics and Their Potential for Point-of-Care Biosensing Applications A. Paiva-Marques, Willian; Reyes Gómez, Faustino; N. Oliveira, Osvaldo Sensors, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030944	journal	February 2020
Superconducting metamaterials for waveguide quantum electrodynamics Mirhosseini, Mohammad; Kim, Eunjong; Ferreira, Vinicius S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.01708	text	January 2018
Chip-scale atomic diffractive optical elements Stern, Liron; Bopp, Douglas; Schima, Susan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.01543	preprint	January 2018

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Title: A review of metasurfaces: Physics and applications

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