Pedestal Bifurcation and Resonant Field Penetration at the Threshold of Edge-Localized Mode Suppression in the DIII-D Tokamak
Abstract
Rapid bifurcations in the plasma response to slowly varying n=2 magnetic fields are observed as the plasma transitions into and out of edge localized mode (ELM) suppression. The rapid transition to ELM suppression is characterized by an increase in the toroidal rotation and a reduction in the electron pressure gradient at the top of the pedestal which reduces the perpendicular electron flow to near zero. These events occur simultaneously with an increase in the inner wall magnetic response. These observations are consistent strong resonant field penetration of n=2 fields at the onset of ELM suppression, based on extended MHD simulations using measured plasma profiles. Spontaneous transitions into (and out of) ELM suppression with a static applied n=2 field indicate competing mechanisms of screening and penetration of resonant fields near threshold conditions. Magnetic measurements reveal evidence for the unlocking and rotation of tearing-like structures as the plasma transitions out of ELM suppression.
- Authors:
-
more »
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Plasma Research Lab.
- Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1295123
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1180277; OSTI ID: 1260730; OSTI ID: 1371744
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; FC02-04ER54698; AC02-09CH11466; FG02-07ER54917; FG02-89ER53296; FG02-08ER54999; FG02-08ER54984; FG02-86ER53218; FG02- 92ER54139
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Nazikian, R., Paz-Soldan, C., Callen, J. D., deGrassie, J. S., Eldon, D., Evans, T. E., Ferraro, N. M., Grierson, B. A., Groebner, R. J., Haskey, S. R., Hegna, C. C., King, J. D., Logan, N. C., McKee, G. R., Moyer, R. A., Okabayashi, M., Orlov, D. M., Osborne, T. H., Park, J-K., Rhodes, T. L., Shafer, M. W., Snyder, P. B., Solomon, W. M., Strait, E. J., and Wade, M. R. Pedestal Bifurcation and Resonant Field Penetration at the Threshold of Edge-Localized Mode Suppression in the DIII-D Tokamak. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.105002.
Nazikian, R., Paz-Soldan, C., Callen, J. D., deGrassie, J. S., Eldon, D., Evans, T. E., Ferraro, N. M., Grierson, B. A., Groebner, R. J., Haskey, S. R., Hegna, C. C., King, J. D., Logan, N. C., McKee, G. R., Moyer, R. A., Okabayashi, M., Orlov, D. M., Osborne, T. H., Park, J-K., Rhodes, T. L., Shafer, M. W., Snyder, P. B., Solomon, W. M., Strait, E. J., & Wade, M. R. Pedestal Bifurcation and Resonant Field Penetration at the Threshold of Edge-Localized Mode Suppression in the DIII-D Tokamak. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.105002
Nazikian, R., Paz-Soldan, C., Callen, J. D., deGrassie, J. S., Eldon, D., Evans, T. E., Ferraro, N. M., Grierson, B. A., Groebner, R. J., Haskey, S. R., Hegna, C. C., King, J. D., Logan, N. C., McKee, G. R., Moyer, R. A., Okabayashi, M., Orlov, D. M., Osborne, T. H., Park, J-K., Rhodes, T. L., Shafer, M. W., Snyder, P. B., Solomon, W. M., Strait, E. J., and Wade, M. R. Thu .
"Pedestal Bifurcation and Resonant Field Penetration at the Threshold of Edge-Localized Mode Suppression in the DIII-D Tokamak". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.105002. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1295123.
@article{osti_1295123,
title = {Pedestal Bifurcation and Resonant Field Penetration at the Threshold of Edge-Localized Mode Suppression in the DIII-D Tokamak},
author = {Nazikian, R. and Paz-Soldan, C. and Callen, J. D. and deGrassie, J. S. and Eldon, D. and Evans, T. E. and Ferraro, N. M. and Grierson, B. A. and Groebner, R. J. and Haskey, S. R. and Hegna, C. C. and King, J. D. and Logan, N. C. and McKee, G. R. and Moyer, R. A. and Okabayashi, M. and Orlov, D. M. and Osborne, T. H. and Park, J-K. and Rhodes, T. L. and Shafer, M. W. and Snyder, P. B. and Solomon, W. M. and Strait, E. J. and Wade, M. R.},
abstractNote = {Rapid bifurcations in the plasma response to slowly varying n=2 magnetic fields are observed as the plasma transitions into and out of edge localized mode (ELM) suppression. The rapid transition to ELM suppression is characterized by an increase in the toroidal rotation and a reduction in the electron pressure gradient at the top of the pedestal which reduces the perpendicular electron flow to near zero. These events occur simultaneously with an increase in the inner wall magnetic response. These observations are consistent strong resonant field penetration of n=2 fields at the onset of ELM suppression, based on extended MHD simulations using measured plasma profiles. Spontaneous transitions into (and out of) ELM suppression with a static applied n=2 field indicate competing mechanisms of screening and penetration of resonant fields near threshold conditions. Magnetic measurements reveal evidence for the unlocking and rotation of tearing-like structures as the plasma transitions out of ELM suppression.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.105002},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 10,
volume = 114,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Resonant magnetic perturbation experiments on MAST using external and internal coils for ELM control
journal, February 2010
- Kirk, A.; Nardon, E.; Akers, R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 3
Suppression of Edge Localized Modes in High-Confinement KSTAR Plasmas by Nonaxisymmetric Magnetic Perturbations
journal, July 2012
- Jeon, Y. M.; Park, J. -K.; Yoon, S. W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 3
Mitigation of type-I ELMs with n = 2 fields on JET with ITER-like wall
journal, June 2013
- Liang, Y.; Lomas, P.; Nunes, I.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 7
Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on secondary structures in drift-wave turbulence
journal, August 2011
- Leconte, M.; Diamond, P. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 8
Initial results of the high resolution edge Thomson scattering upgrade at DIII-D
journal, October 2012
- Eldon, D.; Bray, B. D.; Deterly, T. M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on COMPASS-C tokamak discharges
journal, December 1992
- Hender, T. C.; Fitzpatrick, R.; Morris, A. W.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 32, Issue 12
Progress on the application of ELM control schemes to ITER scenarios from the non-active phase to DT operation
journal, February 2014
- Loarte, A.; Huijsmans, G.; Futatani, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 3
Sustained suppression of type-I edge-localized modes with dominantly n = 2 magnetic fields in DIII-D
journal, July 2013
- Lanctot, M. J.; Buttery, R. J.; de Grassie, J. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 8
Calculations of two-fluid linear response to non-axisymmetric fields in tokamaks
journal, May 2012
- Ferraro, N. M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
An upgrade of the magnetic diagnostic system of the DIII-D tokamak for non-axisymmetric measurements
journal, August 2014
- King, J. D.; Strait, E. J.; Boivin, R. L.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 8
Advances in the physics understanding of ELM suppression using resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D
journal, January 2015
- Wade, M. R.; Nazikian, R.; deGrassie, J. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 2
Progress in quantifying the edge physics of the H mode regime in DIII-D
journal, December 2001
- Groebner, R. J.; Baker, D. R.; Burrell, K. H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 12
Increase of turbulence and transport with resonant magnetic perturbations in ELM-suppressed plasmas on DIII-D
journal, September 2013
- McKee, G. R.; Yan, Z.; Holland, C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11
The EPED pedestal model and edge localized mode-suppressed regimes: Studies of quiescent H-mode and development of a model for edge localized mode suppression via resonant magnetic perturbations
journal, May 2012
- Snyder, P. B.; Osborne, T. H.; Burrell, K. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
First Observation of Edge Localized Modes Mitigation with Resonant and Nonresonant Magnetic Perturbations in ASDEX Upgrade
journal, June 2011
- Suttrop, W.; Eich, T.; Fuchs, J. C.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 22
Linear ideal MHD predictions for n = 2 non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations on DIII-D
journal, February 2014
- Haskey, S. R.; Lanctot, M. J.; Liu, Y. Q.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 3
Interaction of tearing modes with external structures in cylindrical geometry (plasma)
journal, July 1993
- Fitzpatrick, R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 7
Controlling tokamak geometry with three-dimensional magnetic perturbations
journal, October 2014
- Bird, T. M.; Hegna, C. C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 10
Magnetic-flutter-induced pedestal plasma transport
journal, September 2013
- Callen, J. D.; Hegna, C. C.; Cole, A. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11
Shielding of resonant magnetic perturbations in the long mean-free path regime
journal, October 2003
- Waelbroeck, F. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 10, Issue 10
A novel, multichannel, comb-frequency Doppler backscatter system
journal, October 2010
- Peebles, W. A.; Rhodes, T. L.; Hillesheim, J. C.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10
Edge stability and transport control with resonant magnetic perturbations in collisionless tokamak plasmas
journal, May 2006
- Evans, Todd E.; Moyer, Richard A.; Burrell, Keith H.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Three-Dimensional Instability of Magnetic Islands
journal, October 1983
- Bondeson, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 51, Issue 18
3D vacuum magnetic field modelling of the ITER ELM control coil during standard operating scenarios
journal, August 2013
- Evans, T. E.; Orlov, D. M.; Wingen, A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9
Works referencing / citing this record:
3D field phase-space control in tokamak plasmas
journal, September 2018
- Park, Jong-Kyu; Jeon, YoungMu; In, Yongkyoon
- Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 12
Experimental tests of linear and nonlinear three-dimensional equilibrium models in DIII-D
journal, July 2015
- King, J. D.; Strait, E. J.; Lazerson, S. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 7
Effect of large magnetic islands on screening of external magnetic perturbation fields at slow plasma flow
journal, February 2017
- Li, L.; Liu, Y. Q.; Huang, X.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 2
Comparative investigation of ELM control based on toroidal modelling of plasma response to RMP fields
journal, May 2017
- Liu, Yueqiang; Kirk, A.; Li, Li
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
Dynamic divertor control using resonant mixed toroidal harmonic magnetic fields during ELM suppression in DIII-D
journal, May 2018
- Jia, M.; Sun, Y.; Paz-Soldan, C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Predict-first experimental analysis using automated and integrated magnetohydrodynamic modeling
journal, May 2018
- Lyons, B. C.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Meneghini, O.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Modal analysis of the full poloidal structure of the plasma response to n = 2 magnetic perturbations
journal, July 2018
- Munaretto, S.; Strait, E. J.; Haskey, S. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 7
Mode penetration induced by transient magnetic perturbations
journal, August 2018
- Beidler, M. T.; Callen, J. D.; Hegna, C. C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Two-fluid nonlinear theory of response of tokamak plasma to resonant magnetic perturbation
journal, November 2018
- Fitzpatrick, Richard
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 11
Main-ion intrinsic toroidal rotation across the ITG/TEM boundary in DIII-D discharges during ohmic and electron cyclotron heating
journal, April 2019
- Grierson, B. A.; Chrystal, C.; Haskey, S. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 4
Non-linear modeling of the threshold between ELM mitigation and ELM suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations in ASDEX upgrade
journal, April 2019
- Orain, F.; Hoelzl, M.; Mink, F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 4
Global gyrokinetic simulation of microturbulence with kinetic electrons in the presence of magnetic island in tokamak
journal, May 2019
- Fang, K. S.; Lin, Z.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 5
Kinetic particle simulations in a global toroidal geometry
journal, August 2019
- De, S.; Singh, T.; Kuley, A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 8
The density dependence of edge-localized-mode suppression and pump-out by resonant magnetic perturbations in the DIII-D tokamak
journal, December 2019
- Hu, Q. M.; Nazikian, R.; Grierson, B. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 12
Newly uncovered physics of MHD instabilities using 2-D electron cyclotron emission imaging system in toroidal plasmas
journal, January 2019
- Park, Hyeon K.
- Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Equilibrium drives of the low and high field side n = 2 plasma response and impact on global confinement
journal, April 2016
- Paz-Soldan, C.; Logan, N. C.; Haskey, S. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 5
Non-linear modeling of the plasma response to RMPs in ASDEX Upgrade
journal, September 2016
- Orain, F.; Hölzl, M.; Viezzer, E.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 2
Effect of rotation zero-crossing on single-fluid plasma response to three-dimensional magnetic perturbations
journal, February 2017
- Lyons, B. C.; Ferraro, N. M.; Paz-Soldan, C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 4
Characterisation of the fast-ion edge resonant transport layer induced by 3D perturbative fields in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak through full orbit simulations
journal, November 2018
- Sanchis, L.; Garcia-Munoz, M.; Snicker, A.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1
Numerical survey of predicted peeling response in edge localised mode mitigated and suppressed phases on ASDEX upgrade
journal, August 2019
- Ryan, D. A.; Dunne, M.; Kirk, A.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 9
Effects of magnetic islands on resonant field penetration and toroidal torques at slow plasma flow
journal, September 2017
- Li, L.; Liu, Y. Q.; Wang, N.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12
Magnetic polarization measurements of the multi-modal plasma response to 3D fields in the EAST tokamak
journal, May 2018
- Logan, N. C.; Cui, L.; Wang, H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7
Toroidal plasma response based ELM control coil design for EU DEMO
journal, June 2018
- Zhou, Lina; Liu, Yueqiang; Wenninger, Ronald
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7
Distinct stages of radio frequency emission at the onset of pedestal collapse in KSTAR H-mode plasmas
journal, July 2018
- Kim, M. H.; Thatipamula, S. G.; Lee, J. E.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 9
Grassy-ELM regime with edge resonant magnetic perturbations in fully noninductive plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak
journal, July 2018
- Nazikian, R.; Petty, C. C.; Bortolon, A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 10
Plasma response to rotating resonant magnetic perturbations with a locked mode in the J-TEXT tokamak
journal, January 2019
- Wang, Nengchao; Rao, Bo; Hu, Qiming
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2
Edge localized mode suppression and plasma response using mixed toroidal harmonic resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D
journal, January 2019
- Gu, S.; Sun, Y.; Paz-Soldan, C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2
Effects of RMP-induced changes of radial electric fields on microturbulence in DIII-D pedestal top
journal, February 2019
- Taimourzadeh, S.; Shi, L.; Lin, Z.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 4
DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors
journal, June 2019
- Petty, C. C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11
The effect of plasma shape and neutral beam mix on the rotation threshold for RMP-ELM suppression
journal, March 2019
- Paz-Soldan, C.; Nazikian, R.; Cui, L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5
Direct evidence of E × B flow changes at the onset of resonant magnetic perturbation-driven edge-localized mode crash suppression
journal, May 2019
- Lee, Jaehyun; Jeon, Y. M.; In, Y.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6
Gyrokinetic analysis and simulation of pedestals to identify the culprits for energy losses using ‘fingerprints’
journal, July 2019
- Kotschenreuther, M.; Liu, X.; Hatch, D. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 9
Overview of KSTAR research progress and future plans toward ITER and K-DEMO
journal, July 2019
- Park, H. K.; Choi, M. J.; Hong, S. H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11
Resistive versus ideal plasma response to RMP fields in DIII-D: roles of q 95 and X-point geometry
journal, June 2019
- Yang, Xu; Liu, Yueqiang; Paz-Soldan, Carlos
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Optimizing multi-modal, non-axisymmetric plasma response metrics with additional coil rows on DIII-D
journal, July 2019
- Weisberg, D. B.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Liu, Y. Q.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Modeling 3D plasma boundary corrugation and tailoring toroidal torque profiles with resonant magnetic perturbation fields in ITER
journal, August 2019
- Li, L.; Liu, Y. Q.; Loarte, A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 9
Nonlinear modeling of the effect of n = 2 resonant magnetic field perturbation on peeling-ballooning modes in KSTAR
journal, January 2020
- Kim, S. K.; Pamela, S.; Kwon, O.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 2
Gyrokinetic simulations of nonlinear interactions between magnetic islands and microturbulence
journal, September 2019
- Fang, Kaisheng; Bao, Jian; Lin, Zhihong
- Plasma Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 11
Observation of a Multimode Plasma Response and its Relationship to Density Pumpout and Edge-Localized Mode Suppression
journal, March 2015
- Paz-Soldan, C.; Nazikian, R.; Haskey, S. R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 10
Nonlinear Transition from Mitigation to Suppression of the Edge Localized Mode with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in the EAST Tokamak
journal, September 2016
- Sun, Y.; Liang, Y.; Liu, Y. Q.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 11
Distinct stages of radio frequency emission at the onset of pedestal collapse in KSTAR H-mode plasmas
text, January 2018
- Kim, Minho; Thatipamula, Shekar G.; Lee, Jieun
- arXiv
Two-Fluid Nonlinear Theory of Response of Tokamak Plasma to Resonant Magnetic Perturbation
text, January 2018
- Fitzpatrick, Richard
- arXiv
Gyrokinetic analysis and simulation of pedestals, to identify the culprits for energy losses using fingerprints
text, January 2019
- Kotschenreuther, M.; Liu, X.; Hatch, D. R.
- arXiv