Dramatic performance of Clostridium thermocellum explained by its wide range of cellulase modalities
Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is the most efficient microorganism for solubilizing lignocellulosic biomass known to date. Its high cellulose digestion capability is attributed to efficient cellulases consisting of both a free-enzyme system and a tethered cellulosomal system wherein carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) are organized by primary and secondary scaffoldin proteins to generate large protein complexes attached to the bacterial cell wall. This study demonstrates that C. thermocellum also uses a type of cellulosomal system not bound to the bacterial cell wall, called the “cell-free” cellulosomal system. The cell-free cellulosome complex can be seen as a “long range cellulosome” because it can diffuse away from the cell and degrade polysaccharide substrates remotely from the bacterial cell. The contribution of these two types of cellulosomal systems in C. thermocellum was elucidated by characterization of mutants with different combinations of scaffoldin gene deletions. The primary scaffoldin, CipA, was found to play the most important role in cellulose degradation by C. thermocellum, whereas the secondary scaffoldins have less important roles. Additionally, the distinct and efficient mode of action of the C. thermocellum exoproteome, wherein the cellulosomes splay or divide biomass particles, changes when either the primary or secondary scaffolds are removed, showing that the intact wild-typemore »
- Authors:
-
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1244830
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1286890
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-2700-65384
Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Science Advances
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
- Publisher:
- AAAS
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 09 BIOMASS FUELS; 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; cell biology; biomass; biofuels; cellulases; cellulosomes; 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Xu, Qi, Resch, Michael G., Podkaminer, Kara, Yang, Shihui, Baker, John O., Donohoe, Bryon S., Wilson, Charlotte, Klingeman, Dawn M., Olson, Daniel G., Decker, Stephen R., Richard J. Giannone, Hettich, Robert L., Brown, Steven D., Lynd, Lee R., Bayer, Edward A., Himmel, Michael E., and Bomble, Yannick J. Dramatic performance of Clostridium thermocellum explained by its wide range of cellulase modalities. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501254.
Xu, Qi, Resch, Michael G., Podkaminer, Kara, Yang, Shihui, Baker, John O., Donohoe, Bryon S., Wilson, Charlotte, Klingeman, Dawn M., Olson, Daniel G., Decker, Stephen R., Richard J. Giannone, Hettich, Robert L., Brown, Steven D., Lynd, Lee R., Bayer, Edward A., Himmel, Michael E., & Bomble, Yannick J. Dramatic performance of Clostridium thermocellum explained by its wide range of cellulase modalities. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501254
Xu, Qi, Resch, Michael G., Podkaminer, Kara, Yang, Shihui, Baker, John O., Donohoe, Bryon S., Wilson, Charlotte, Klingeman, Dawn M., Olson, Daniel G., Decker, Stephen R., Richard J. Giannone, Hettich, Robert L., Brown, Steven D., Lynd, Lee R., Bayer, Edward A., Himmel, Michael E., and Bomble, Yannick J. Fri .
"Dramatic performance of Clostridium thermocellum explained by its wide range of cellulase modalities". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501254. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1244830.
@article{osti_1244830,
title = {Dramatic performance of Clostridium thermocellum explained by its wide range of cellulase modalities},
author = {Xu, Qi and Resch, Michael G. and Podkaminer, Kara and Yang, Shihui and Baker, John O. and Donohoe, Bryon S. and Wilson, Charlotte and Klingeman, Dawn M. and Olson, Daniel G. and Decker, Stephen R. and Richard J. Giannone and Hettich, Robert L. and Brown, Steven D. and Lynd, Lee R. and Bayer, Edward A. and Himmel, Michael E. and Bomble, Yannick J.},
abstractNote = {Clostridium thermocellum is the most efficient microorganism for solubilizing lignocellulosic biomass known to date. Its high cellulose digestion capability is attributed to efficient cellulases consisting of both a free-enzyme system and a tethered cellulosomal system wherein carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) are organized by primary and secondary scaffoldin proteins to generate large protein complexes attached to the bacterial cell wall. This study demonstrates that C. thermocellum also uses a type of cellulosomal system not bound to the bacterial cell wall, called the “cell-free” cellulosomal system. The cell-free cellulosome complex can be seen as a “long range cellulosome” because it can diffuse away from the cell and degrade polysaccharide substrates remotely from the bacterial cell. The contribution of these two types of cellulosomal systems in C. thermocellum was elucidated by characterization of mutants with different combinations of scaffoldin gene deletions. The primary scaffoldin, CipA, was found to play the most important role in cellulose degradation by C. thermocellum, whereas the secondary scaffoldins have less important roles. Additionally, the distinct and efficient mode of action of the C. thermocellum exoproteome, wherein the cellulosomes splay or divide biomass particles, changes when either the primary or secondary scaffolds are removed, showing that the intact wild-type cellulosomal system is necessary for this essential mode of action. This new transcriptional and proteomic evidence shows that a functional primary scaffoldin plays a more important role compared to secondary scaffoldins in the proper regulation of CAZyme genes, cellodextrin transport, and other cellular functions.},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1501254},
journal = {Science Advances},
number = 2,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 05 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Fri Feb 05 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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