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Title: Participant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at s N N = 19.6 and 22.4 GeV

Abstract

Spectator fragments resulting from relativistic heavy ion collisions, consisting of single protons and neutrons along with groups of stable nuclear fragments up to nitrogen (Z = 7), are measured in PHOBOS. These fragments are observed in Au+Au ( s N N = 19.6 GeV) and Cu+Cu (22.4 GeV) collisions at high pseudorapidity (η). The dominant multiply-charged fragment is the tightly bound helium (α), with lithium, beryllium, and boron all clearly seen as a function of collision centrality and pseudorapidity. In this paper, we observe that in Cu+Cu collisions, it becomes much more favorable for the α fragments to be released than lithium. The yields of fragments approximately scale with the number of spectator nucleons, independent of the colliding ion. The shapes of the pseudorapidity distributions of fragments indicate that the average deflection of the fragments away from the beam direction increases for more central collisions. Finally, a detailed comparison of the shapes for α and lithium fragments indicates that the centrality dependence of the deflections favors a scaling with the number of participants in the collision.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Polish National Science Centre (NCN); National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC); Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) (Hungary)
Contributing Org.:
PHOBOS Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1341649
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1280209
Report Number(s):
BNL-113371-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; TRN: US1701748
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-98CH10886; AC02-06CH11357; FG02-93ER40802; FG02-94ER40818; FG02-94ER40865; FG02-99ER41099; 9603486; 0072204; 0245011; DEC-2013/08/M/ST2/00320; NSC 89-2112-M-008-024; F 049823
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 94; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
APS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Citation Formats

Alver, B., Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D. S., Betts, R. R., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., Carroll, A., Chai, Z., Chetluru, V., Decowski, M. P., García, E., Gburek, T., George, N., Gulbrandsen, K., Gushue, S., Halliwell, C., Hamblen, J., Harnarine, I., Heintzelman, G. A., Henderson, C., Hofman, D. J., Hollis, R. S., Hołyński, R., Holzman, B., Iordanova, A., Johnson, E., Kane, J. L., Katzy, J., Khan, N., Kucewicz, W., Kulinich, P., Kuo, C. M., Li, W., Lin, W. T., Loizides, C., Manly, S., McLeod, D., Mignerey, A. C., Nouicer, R., Olszewski, A., Pak, R., Park, I. C., Pernegger, H., Reed, C., Remsberg, L. P., Reuter, M., Richardson, E., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rosenberg, L., Sagerer, J., Sarin, P., Sawicki, P., Sedykh, I., Skulski, W., Smith, C. E., Stankiewicz, M. A., Steinberg, P., Stephans, G. S. F., Sukhanov, A., Szostak, A., Tang, J. -L., Tonjes, M. B., Trzupek, A., Vale, C., van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J., Vaurynovich, S. S., Verdier, R., Veres, G. I., Walters, P., Wenger, E., Willhelm, D., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wosiek, B., Woźniak, K., Wuosmaa, A. H., Wyngaardt, S., and Wysłouch, B. Participant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at sNN=19.6 and 22.4 GeV. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024903.
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Alver, B., Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D. S., Betts, R. R., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., Carroll, A., Chai, Z., Chetluru, V., Decowski, M. P., García, E., Gburek, T., George, N., Gulbrandsen, K., Gushue, S., Halliwell, C., Hamblen, J., Harnarine, I., Heintzelman, G. A., Henderson, C., Hofman, D. J., Hollis, R. S., Hołyński, R., Holzman, B., Iordanova, A., Johnson, E., Kane, J. L., Katzy, J., Khan, N., Kucewicz, W., Kulinich, P., Kuo, C. M., Li, W., Lin, W. T., Loizides, C., Manly, S., McLeod, D., Mignerey, A. C., Nouicer, R., Olszewski, A., Pak, R., Park, I. C., Pernegger, H., Reed, C., Remsberg, L. P., Reuter, M., Richardson, E., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rosenberg, L., Sagerer, J., Sarin, P., Sawicki, P., Sedykh, I., Skulski, W., Smith, C. E., Stankiewicz, M. A., Steinberg, P., Stephans, G. S. F., Sukhanov, A., Szostak, A., Tang, J. -L., Tonjes, M. B., Trzupek, A., Vale, C., van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J., Vaurynovich, S. S., Verdier, R., Veres, G. I., Walters, P., Wenger, E., Willhelm, D., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wosiek, B., Woźniak, K., Wuosmaa, A. H., Wyngaardt, S., & Wysłouch, B. Participant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at sNN=19.6 and 22.4 GeV. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024903
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Alver, B., Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D. S., Betts, R. R., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., Carroll, A., Chai, Z., Chetluru, V., Decowski, M. P., García, E., Gburek, T., George, N., Gulbrandsen, K., Gushue, S., Halliwell, C., Hamblen, J., Harnarine, I., Heintzelman, G. A., Henderson, C., Hofman, D. J., Hollis, R. S., Hołyński, R., Holzman, B., Iordanova, A., Johnson, E., Kane, J. L., Katzy, J., Khan, N., Kucewicz, W., Kulinich, P., Kuo, C. M., Li, W., Lin, W. T., Loizides, C., Manly, S., McLeod, D., Mignerey, A. C., Nouicer, R., Olszewski, A., Pak, R., Park, I. C., Pernegger, H., Reed, C., Remsberg, L. P., Reuter, M., Richardson, E., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rosenberg, L., Sagerer, J., Sarin, P., Sawicki, P., Sedykh, I., Skulski, W., Smith, C. E., Stankiewicz, M. A., Steinberg, P., Stephans, G. S. F., Sukhanov, A., Szostak, A., Tang, J. -L., Tonjes, M. B., Trzupek, A., Vale, C., van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J., Vaurynovich, S. S., Verdier, R., Veres, G. I., Walters, P., Wenger, E., Willhelm, D., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wosiek, B., Woźniak, K., Wuosmaa, A. H., Wyngaardt, S., and Wysłouch, B. Tue . "Participant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at sNN=19.6 and 22.4 GeV". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024903. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1341649.
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@article{osti_1341649,
title = {Participant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at sNN=19.6 and 22.4 GeV},
author = {Alver, B. and Back, B. B. and Baker, M. D. and Ballintijn, M. and Barton, D. S. and Betts, R. R. and Bickley, A. A. and Bindel, R. and Budzanowski, A. and Busza, W. and Carroll, A. and Chai, Z. and Chetluru, V. and Decowski, M. P. and García, E. and Gburek, T. and George, N. and Gulbrandsen, K. and Gushue, S. and Halliwell, C. and Hamblen, J. and Harnarine, I. and Heintzelman, G. A. and Henderson, C. and Hofman, D. J. and Hollis, R. S. and Hołyński, R. and Holzman, B. and Iordanova, A. and Johnson, E. and Kane, J. L. and Katzy, J. and Khan, N. and Kucewicz, W. and Kulinich, P. and Kuo, C. M. and Li, W. and Lin, W. T. and Loizides, C. and Manly, S. and McLeod, D. and Mignerey, A. C. and Nouicer, R. and Olszewski, A. and Pak, R. and Park, I. C. and Pernegger, H. and Reed, C. and Remsberg, L. P. and Reuter, M. and Richardson, E. and Roland, C. and Roland, G. and Rosenberg, L. and Sagerer, J. and Sarin, P. and Sawicki, P. and Sedykh, I. and Skulski, W. and Smith, C. E. and Stankiewicz, M. A. and Steinberg, P. and Stephans, G. S. F. and Sukhanov, A. and Szostak, A. and Tang, J. -L. and Tonjes, M. B. and Trzupek, A. and Vale, C. and van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. and Vaurynovich, S. S. and Verdier, R. and Veres, G. I. and Walters, P. and Wenger, E. and Willhelm, D. and Wolfs, F. L. H. and Wosiek, B. and Woźniak, K. and Wuosmaa, A. H. and Wyngaardt, S. and Wysłouch, B.},
abstractNote = {Spectator fragments resulting from relativistic heavy ion collisions, consisting of single protons and neutrons along with groups of stable nuclear fragments up to nitrogen (Z = 7), are measured in PHOBOS. These fragments are observed in Au+Au ( sNN=19.6 GeV) and Cu+Cu (22.4 GeV) collisions at high pseudorapidity (η). The dominant multiply-charged fragment is the tightly bound helium (α), with lithium, beryllium, and boron all clearly seen as a function of collision centrality and pseudorapidity. In this paper, we observe that in Cu+Cu collisions, it becomes much more favorable for the α fragments to be released than lithium. The yields of fragments approximately scale with the number of spectator nucleons, independent of the colliding ion. The shapes of the pseudorapidity distributions of fragments indicate that the average deflection of the fragments away from the beam direction increases for more central collisions. Finally, a detailed comparison of the shapes for α and lithium fragments indicates that the centrality dependence of the deflections favors a scaling with the number of participants in the collision.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024903},
journal = {Physical Review C},
number = 2,
volume = 94,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Aug 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Aug 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024903
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: (color online) Transverse momentum and rapidity coverage of charged particles in the silicon Ring detectors in PHOBOS. The main figure shows the pT/m-rapidity acceptance for charged particles in each Ring (different shaded bands). The boundary on the rightmost edge of the shaded region depends on the beam energy.more » The dashed line shows the boundary for pz/m= pbeam/mAu for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV Au+Au collisions. The right-hand axis shows the pT-scale for α particles, i.e. m= 3.727 GeV/c2. The inset figure shows the Ring-detector pT and pseudorapidity coverage.« less
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Works referenced in this record:

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    FIG. 1 (p. 4)figure
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    TABLE VII (p. 19)table
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