Linear gyrokinetic simulations of microinstabilities within the pedestal region of H-mode NSTX discharges in a highly shaped geometry

Coury, M.; Guttenfelder, W.; Mikkelsen, D. R.; Canik, J. M.; Canal, G. P.; Diallo, A.; Kaye, S.; Kramer, G. J.; Maingi, R.

doi:10.1063/1.4954911

Title: Linear gyrokinetic simulations of microinstabilities within the pedestal region of H-mode NSTX discharges in a highly shaped geometry

Abstract

Linear (local) gyrokinetic predictions of edge microinstabilities in highly shaped, lithiated and non-lithiated NSTX discharges are reported using the gyrokinetic code GS2. Microtearing modes dominate the non-lithiated pedestal top. The stabilization of these modes at the lithiated pedestal top enables the electron temperature pedestal to extend further inwards, as observed experimentally. Kinetic ballooning modes are found to be unstable mainly at the mid-pedestal of both types of discharges, with un- stable trapped electron modes nearer the separatrix region. At electron wavelengths, ETG modes are found to be unstable from mid-pedestal outwards for η_{e, exp} ~2.2 with higher growth rates for the lithiated discharge. Near the separatrix, the critical temperature gradient for driving ETG modes is reduced in the presence of lithium, re ecting the reduction of the lithiated density gradients observed experimentally. A preliminary linear study in the edge of non-lithiated discharges shows that the equilibrium shaping alters the electrostatic modes stability, found more unstable at high plasma shaping.

Authors:

Coury, M. ^[1]; Guttenfelder, W. ^[1];

^[1]; Canik, J. M. ^[2]; Canal, G. P. ^[3]; Diallo, A. ^[1]; Kaye, S. ^[1]; Kramer, G. J. ^[1]; Maingi, R. ^[1]

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

Contributing Org.:: NSTX-U team

OSTI Identifier:: 1273406

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1259972

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 23; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Lithium; Microinstabilities; Plasma gyrokinetics

Citation Formats


                    Coury, M., Guttenfelder, W., Mikkelsen, D. R., Canik, J. M., Canal, G. P., Diallo, A., Kaye, S., Kramer, G. J., and Maingi, R. Linear gyrokinetic simulations of microinstabilities within the pedestal region of H-mode NSTX discharges in a highly shaped geometry.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4954911.

Copy to clipboard


                    Coury, M., Guttenfelder, W., Mikkelsen, D. R., Canik, J. M., Canal, G. P., Diallo, A., Kaye, S., Kramer, G. J., & Maingi, R. Linear gyrokinetic simulations of microinstabilities within the pedestal region of H-mode NSTX discharges in a highly shaped geometry.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954911

Copy to clipboard


                    Coury, M., Guttenfelder, W., Mikkelsen, D. R., Canik, J. M., Canal, G. P., Diallo, A., Kaye, S., Kramer, G. J., and Maingi, R. Thu .  
"Linear gyrokinetic simulations of microinstabilities within the pedestal region of H-mode NSTX discharges in a highly shaped geometry".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954911.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1273406.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1273406,

  title        = {Linear gyrokinetic simulations of microinstabilities within the pedestal region of H-mode NSTX discharges in a highly shaped geometry},

  author       = {Coury, M. and Guttenfelder, W. and Mikkelsen, D. R. and Canik, J. M. and Canal, G. P. and Diallo, A. and Kaye, S. and Kramer, G. J. and Maingi, R.},

  abstractNote = {Linear (local) gyrokinetic predictions of edge microinstabilities in highly shaped, lithiated and non-lithiated NSTX discharges are reported using the gyrokinetic code GS2. Microtearing modes dominate the non-lithiated pedestal top. The stabilization of these modes at the lithiated pedestal top enables the electron temperature pedestal to extend further inwards, as observed experimentally. Kinetic ballooning modes are found to be unstable mainly at the mid-pedestal of both types of discharges, with un- stable trapped electron modes nearer the separatrix region. At electron wavelengths, ETG modes are found to be unstable from mid-pedestal outwards for ηe, exp ~2.2 with higher growth rates for the lithiated discharge. Near the separatrix, the critical temperature gradient for driving ETG modes is reduced in the presence of lithium, re ecting the reduction of the lithiated density gradients observed experimentally. A preliminary linear study in the edge of non-lithiated discharges shows that the equilibrium shaping alters the electrostatic modes stability, found more unstable at high plasma shaping.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4954911},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 23,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954911

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 11 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

TABLE A1: Normalized plasma equilibrium parameters at $Ψ$_$N$= 0.96. Shot #129015 is a non-lithiated discharge recorded at intermediate plasma shaping. Shots #132543 & #132588 are non-lithiated and lithiated discharges recorded at high plasma shaping. $q$₉₅ represents the edge safety factor, $β ′$ characterizes the pressure gradient, $\hat{s}$ represents themore »

All figures and tables (15 total)

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Effects of plasma shaping on nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence
journal, September 2008

Belli, E. A.; Hammett, G. W.; Dorland, W.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.2972160

Progress in characterization of the pedestal stability and turbulence during the edge-localized-mode cycle on National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, August 2013

Diallo, A.; Canik, J.; Göerler, T.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/53/9/093026

Overview of gyrokinetic studies of finite- β microturbulence
journal, June 2015

Terry, P. W.; Carmody, D.; Doerk, H.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/55/10/104011

Collisionless electron temperature gradient instability
journal, January 1987

Lee, Y. C.; Dong, J. Q.; Guzdar, P. N.
Physics of Fluids, Vol. 30, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.866248

Progress in simulating turbulent electron thermal transport in NSTX
journal, August 2013

Guttenfelder, W.; Peterson, J. L.; Candy, J.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/53/9/093022

Recent progress of NSTX lithium program and opportunities for magnetic fusion research
journal, October 2012

Ono, M.; Bell, M. G.; Kaita, R.
Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 87, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.10.011

Observation of Edge Instability Limiting the Pedestal Growth in Tokamak Plasmas
journal, March 2014

Diallo, A.; Hughes, J. W.; Greenwald, M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.115001

Tokamak transport code simulations with drift wave models
journal, January 1987

Dominguez, R. R.; Waltz, R. E.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 27, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/27/1/006

Dependence of recycling and edge profiles on lithium evaporation in high triangularity, high performance NSTX H-mode discharges
journal, August 2015

Maingi, R.; Osborne, T. H.; Bell, M. G.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 463
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.084

Effect of plasma shaping on performance in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, May 2006

Gates, D. A.; Maingi, R.; Menard, J.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.2198174

Electron temperature gradient driven turbulence
journal, May 2000

Jenko, F.; Dorland, W.; Kotschenreuther, M.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.874014

The relationships between edge localized modes suppression, pedestal profiles and lithium wall coatings in NSTX
journal, September 2011

Boyle, D. P.; Maingi, R.; Snyder, P. B.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/53/10/105011

Simulating gyrokinetic microinstabilities in stellarator geometry with GS2
journal, December 2011

Baumgaertel, J. A.; Belli, E. A.; Dorland, W.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.3662064

Critical gradient formula for toroidal electron temperature gradient modes
journal, September 2001

Jenko, F.; Dorland, W.; Hammett, G. W.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.1391261

Linear gyrokinetic analysis of a DIII-D H-mode pedestal near the ideal ballooning threshold
journal, September 2012

Wang, E.; Xu, X.; Candy, J.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/52/10/103015

Kinetic Instabilities that Limit $β$ in the Edge of a Tokamak Plasma: A Picture of an $H$ -Mode Pedestal
journal, March 2012

Dickinson, D.; Roach, C. M.; Saarelma, S.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.135002

Microturbulence in DIII-D tokamak pedestal. I. Electrostatic instabilities
journal, April 2014

Fulton, D. P.; Lin, Z.; Holod, I.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.4871387

Linear comparison of gyrokinetic codes with trapped electrons
journal, November 2007

Rewoldt, G.; Lin, Z.; Idomura, Y.
Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 177, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2007.06.017

Fully electromagnetic gyrokinetic eigenmode analysis of high-beta shaped plasmas
journal, November 2010

Belli, E. A.; Candy, J.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.3495976

Gyrokinetic turbulence under near-separatrix or nonaxisymmetric conditions
journal, May 2009

Jenko, F.; Told, D.; Xanthopoulos, P.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.3089603

Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes
journal, May 2002

Snyder, P. B.; Wilson, H. R.; Ferron, J. R.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.1449463

Kinetic theory of tearing instability
journal, January 1975

Hazeltine, R. D.; Dobrott, D.; Wang, T. S.
Physics of Fluids, Vol. 18, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.861097

Gyrokinetic study of ASDEX Upgrade inter-ELM pedestal profile evolution
journal, May 2015

Hatch, D. R.; Told, D.; Jenko, F.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/55/6/063028

General theory of kinetic ballooning modes
journal, January 1980

Frieman, E. A.; Rewoldt, G.; Tang, W. M.
Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.863201

A review of models for ELMs
journal, February 1998

Connor, J. W.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/40/2/003

Electron Temperature Gradient Turbulence
journal, December 2000

Dorland, W.; Jenko, F.; Kotschenreuther, M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5579

Variational formulation of the linear MHD stability of 3D plasmas with noninteracting hot electrons
journal, June 1992

Cooper, A.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 34, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/34/6/009

Edge-Localized-Mode Suppression through Density-Profile Modification with Lithium-Wall Coatings in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, August 2009

Maingi, R.; Osborne, T. H.; LeBlanc, B. P.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.075001

Edge microstability of NSTX plasmas without and with lithium-coated plasma-facing components
journal, September 2013

Canik, J. M.; Guttenfelder, W.; Maingi, R.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/53/11/113016

Numerical studies of edge localized instabilities in tokamaks
journal, April 2002

Wilson, H. R.; Snyder, P. B.; Huysmans, G. T. A.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.1459058

System Size Effects on Gyrokinetic Turbulence
journal, October 2010

McMillan, B. F.; Lapillonne, X.; Brunner, S.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.155001

Comparisons and physics basis of tokamak transport models and turbulence simulations
journal, March 2000

Dimits, A. M.; Bateman, G.; Beer, M. A.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1063/1.873896

Scaling of linear microtearing stability for a high collisionality National Spherical Torus Experiment discharge
journal, February 2012

Guttenfelder, W.; Candy, J.; Kaye, S. M.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1063/1.3685698

Microturbulence in DIII-D tokamak pedestal. II. Electromagnetic instabilities
journal, August 2015

Holod, I.; Fulton, D.; Lin, Z.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/55/9/093020

Stellarator turbulence at electron gyroradius scales
journal, June 2002

Jenko, F.; Kendl, A.
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 4
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/4/1/335

Material erosion and migration in tokamaks
journal, November 2005

Pitts, R. A.; Coad, J. P.; Coster, D. P.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 12B
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S22

The effect of progressively increasing lithium coatings on plasma discharge characteristics, transport, edge profiles and ELM stability in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, June 2012

Maingi, R.; Boyle, D. P.; Canik, J. M.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/52/8/083001

Trapped particles in toroidal magnetic systems
journal, January 1971

Kadomtsev, B. B.; Pogutse, O. P.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/11/1/010