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Title: Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor

Abstract

Establishing fundamental relationships between strain and work function (WF) in organic semiconductors is important not only for understanding the electrical properties of organic thin films, which are subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic strains, but also for developing flexible electronic devices. Here we investigate tensile and compressive strain effects on the WF of rubrene single crystals. Mechanical strain induced by thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and rubrene is quantified by X-ray diffraction. The corresponding WF change is measured by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The WF of rubrene increases (decreases) significantly with in-plane tensile (compressive) strain, which agrees qualitatively with density functional theory calculations. An elastic-to-plastic transition, characterized by a steep rise of the WF, occurs at ~0.05% tensile strain along the rubrene -stacking direction. The results provide the first concrete link between mechanical strain and the WF of an organic semiconductor and have important implications for understanding the connection between structural and electronic disorder (charge traps) in soft organic electronic materials.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [2];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
  3. Cergy-Pontoise Univ., Cergy-Pontoise (France); King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
  4. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Characterization Facility
  5. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)
  6. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
  7. Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
  8. King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1265695
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1259668
Grant/Contract Number:  
DMR-0706011; DMR-1420013; AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Wu, Yanfei, Chew, Annabel R., Rojas, Geoffrey A., Sini, Gjergji, Haugstad, Greg, Belianinov, Alex, Kalinin, Sergei V., Li, Hong, Risko, Chad, Brédas, Jean-Luc, Salleo, Alberto, and Frisbie, C. Daniel. Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1038/ncomms10270.
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Wu, Yanfei, Chew, Annabel R., Rojas, Geoffrey A., Sini, Gjergji, Haugstad, Greg, Belianinov, Alex, Kalinin, Sergei V., Li, Hong, Risko, Chad, Brédas, Jean-Luc, Salleo, Alberto, & Frisbie, C. Daniel. Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor. United States. doi:10.1038/ncomms10270.
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Wu, Yanfei, Chew, Annabel R., Rojas, Geoffrey A., Sini, Gjergji, Haugstad, Greg, Belianinov, Alex, Kalinin, Sergei V., Li, Hong, Risko, Chad, Brédas, Jean-Luc, Salleo, Alberto, and Frisbie, C. Daniel. Mon . "Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor". United States. doi:10.1038/ncomms10270. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1265695.
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@article{osti_1265695,
title = {Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor},
author = {Wu, Yanfei and Chew, Annabel R. and Rojas, Geoffrey A. and Sini, Gjergji and Haugstad, Greg and Belianinov, Alex and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Li, Hong and Risko, Chad and Brédas, Jean-Luc and Salleo, Alberto and Frisbie, C. Daniel},
abstractNote = {Establishing fundamental relationships between strain and work function (WF) in organic semiconductors is important not only for understanding the electrical properties of organic thin films, which are subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic strains, but also for developing flexible electronic devices. Here we investigate tensile and compressive strain effects on the WF of rubrene single crystals. Mechanical strain induced by thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and rubrene is quantified by X-ray diffraction. The corresponding WF change is measured by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The WF of rubrene increases (decreases) significantly with in-plane tensile (compressive) strain, which agrees qualitatively with density functional theory calculations. An elastic-to-plastic transition, characterized by a steep rise of the WF, occurs at ~0.05% tensile strain along the rubrene -stacking direction. The results provide the first concrete link between mechanical strain and the WF of an organic semiconductor and have important implications for understanding the connection between structural and electronic disorder (charge traps) in soft organic electronic materials.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms10270},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = ,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {2016},
month = {2}
}
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DOI:  10.1038/ncomms10270
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