Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

Yeh, M.; Chan, Y. L.; Chen, X. C.; Chu, M. C.; Cui, K. X.; Hahn, R. L.; Ho, T. H.; Hsiung, Y. B.; Hu, B. Z.; Kwan, K. K.; Kwok, M. W.; Kwok, T.; Lau, Y. P.; Leung, J. K. C.; Leung, K. Y.; Lin, G. L.; Lin, Y. C.; Luk, K. B.; Luk, W. H.; Ngai, H. Y.; Ngan, S. Y.; Pun, C. S. J.; Shih, K.; Tam, Y. H.; Tsang, R. H. M.; Wang, C. H.; Wong, C. M.; Wong, H. L. H.; Wong, K. K.; Zhang, B. J.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072005

Title: Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

Abstract

In this study, we have measured the muon flux and production rate of muon-induced neutrons at a depth of 611 m water equivalent. Our apparatus comprises three layers of crossed plastic scintillator hodoscopes for tracking the incident cosmic-ray muons and 760 L of a gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator for producing and detecting neutrons. The vertical muon intensity was measured to be I_μ = (5.7±0.6)×10^–6 cm^–2 s^–1 sr^–1. The yield of muon-induced neutrons in the liquid scintillator was determined to be Y_n = (1.19 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.21(syst)) × 10^–4 neutrons/(μ•g•cm^–2). A fit to the recently measured neutron yields at different depths gave a mean muon energy dependence of < E_μ >^0.76±0.03 for liquid-scintillator targets.

Publication Date:: Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1257960

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1246181

Report Number(s):: BNL-112292-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; R&D Project: CO001; KC0401022

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704; AC-02-05CH11231; AC-02-98CH10886

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 93; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Yeh, M., Chan, Y. L., Chen, X. C., Chu, M. C., Cui, K. X., Hahn, R. L., Ho, T. H., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lau, Y. P., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lin, G. L., Lin, Y. C., Luk, K. B., Luk, W. H., Ngai, H. Y., Ngan, S. Y., Pun, C. S. J., Shih, K., Tam, Y. H., Tsang, R. H. M., Wang, C. H., Wong, C. M., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, K. K., and Zhang, B. J. Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072005.

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                    Yeh, M., Chan, Y. L., Chen, X. C., Chu, M. C., Cui, K. X., Hahn, R. L., Ho, T. H., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lau, Y. P., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lin, G. L., Lin, Y. C., Luk, K. B., Luk, W. H., Ngai, H. Y., Ngan, S. Y., Pun, C. S. J., Shih, K., Tam, Y. H., Tsang, R. H. M., Wang, C. H., Wong, C. M., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, K. K., & Zhang, B. J. Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072005

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                    Yeh, M., Chan, Y. L., Chen, X. C., Chu, M. C., Cui, K. X., Hahn, R. L., Ho, T. H., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lau, Y. P., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lin, G. L., Lin, Y. C., Luk, K. B., Luk, W. H., Ngai, H. Y., Ngan, S. Y., Pun, C. S. J., Shih, K., Tam, Y. H., Tsang, R. H. M., Wang, C. H., Wong, C. M., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, K. K., and Zhang, B. J. Thu .  
"Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072005.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257960.

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@article{osti_1257960,

  title        = {Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory},

  author       = {Yeh, M. and Chan, Y. L. and Chen, X. C. and Chu, M. C. and Cui, K. X. and Hahn, R. L. and Ho, T. H. and Hsiung, Y. B. and Hu, B. Z. and Kwan, K. K. and Kwok, M. W. and Kwok, T. and Lau, Y. P. and Leung, J. K. C. and Leung, K. Y. and Lin, G. L. and Lin, Y. C. and Luk, K. B. and Luk, W. H. and Ngai, H. Y. and Ngan, S. Y. and Pun, C. S. J. and Shih, K. and Tam, Y. H. and Tsang, R. H. M. and Wang, C. H. and Wong, C. M. and Wong, H. L. H. and Wong, K. K. and Zhang, B. J.},

  abstractNote = {In this study, we have measured the muon flux and production rate of muon-induced neutrons at a depth of 611 m water equivalent. Our apparatus comprises three layers of crossed plastic scintillator hodoscopes for tracking the incident cosmic-ray muons and 760 L of a gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator for producing and detecting neutrons. The vertical muon intensity was measured to be Iμ = (5.7±0.6)×10–6 cm–2 s–1 sr–1. The yield of muon-induced neutrons in the liquid scintillator was determined to be Yn = (1.19 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.21(syst)) × 10–4 neutrons/(μ•g•cm–2). A fit to the recently measured neutron yields at different depths gave a mean muon energy dependence of < Eμ >0.76±0.03 for liquid-scintillator targets.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072005},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 93,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima
journal, December 2018

Oláh, László; Tanaka, Hiroyuki K. M.; Hamar, Gergő
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2137
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Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
journal, December 2019

Aharmim, B.; Ahmed, S. N.; Anthony, A. E.
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 11
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Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
text, January 2020

Aharmim, B.; Ahmed, S. N.; Anthony, A. E.
Karlsruhe
DOI: 10.5445/ir/1000104700

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Title: Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

Abstract

Citation Formats

Review of Particle Physics journal, August 2014

Backgrounds to Sensitive Experiments Underground journal, December 2004

Muon-induced neutron and pion production in an organic liquid scintillator at a shallow depth journal, December 1995

Neutron production by cosmic-ray muons at shallow depth journal, October 2000

Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND journal, February 2010

Cosmogenic Backgrounds in Borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth journal, August 2013

Neutron flux generated by cosmic-ray mouns at 5200 hg/cm2 s.r. underground. Depth-neutron intensity curve journal, July 1989

An apparatus for studying spallation neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel laboratory journal, September 2013

Geant4—a simulation toolkit journal, July 2003

A three-dimensional code for muon propagation through the rock: MUSIC journal, October 1997

Predicting neutron production from cosmic-ray muons journal, June 2001

High-energy hadron background in proton decay experiments journal, May 1983

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater journal, July 1998

Muon-induced production of radioactive isotopes in scintillation detectors journal, August 2000

Simulations of muon-induced neutron flux at large depths underground journal, June 2003

Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima journal, December 2018

Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory journal, December 2019

Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory text, January 2020

Review of Particle Physics
journal, August 2014

Backgrounds to Sensitive Experiments Underground
journal, December 2004

Muon-induced neutron and pion production in an organic liquid scintillator at a shallow depth
journal, December 1995

Neutron production by cosmic-ray muons at shallow depth
journal, October 2000

Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND
journal, February 2010

Cosmogenic Backgrounds in Borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth
journal, August 2013

Neutron flux generated by cosmic-ray mouns at 5200 hg/cm2 s.r. underground. Depth-neutron intensity curve
journal, July 1989

An apparatus for studying spallation neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel laboratory
journal, September 2013

Geant4—a simulation toolkit
journal, July 2003

A three-dimensional code for muon propagation through the rock: MUSIC
journal, October 1997

Predicting neutron production from cosmic-ray muons
journal, June 2001

High-energy hadron background in proton decay experiments
journal, May 1983

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater
journal, July 1998

Muon-induced production of radioactive isotopes in scintillation detectors
journal, August 2000

Simulations of muon-induced neutron flux at large depths underground
journal, June 2003

Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima
journal, December 2018

Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
journal, December 2019

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